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Gracillariidae
Gracillariidae is an important family of insects in the order Lepidoptera and the principal family of leaf miners that includes several economic, horticultural or recently invasive pest species such as the horse-chestnut leaf miner, ''Cameraria ohridella''. Taxonomy and systematics There are 98 described genera of Gracillariidae (see below). A complete checklist is available of all currently recognised species. There are many undescribed species in the tropics but there is also an online catalogue of Afrotropical described speci the South African fauna is quite well known. Although Japanese and Russian authors have recognised additional subfamilies, there are three currently recognised subfamilies, Phyllocnistinae of which is likely to be basal. In this subfamily, the primitive genus ''Prophyllocnistis'' from Chile feeds on the plant genus '' Drimys'' (Winteraceae), and has leaf mines structurally similar in structure to fossils (see "Fossils"). While there have been some ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gracillariinae
Gracillariinae are a subfamily of moths which was described by Henry Tibbats Stainton in 1854. The subfamilies of Gracillariidae differ by the adult moth resting posture.(Davis and Robinson, 1999) Most Gracillariinae rest with the front of the body steeply raised; Lithocolletinae and Phyllocnistinae rest with the body parallel to the surface; in Lithocolletinae often with the head lowered. Genera Gracillariidae phylogeny has been revised in 2017(Kawahara et al. 2017) and the Acrocercopinae subfamily is contains 25 genera (59 genera were affected to other subfamilies): *'' Africephala'' Vári, 1986 *'' Apistoneura'' Vári, 1961 *'' Aristaea'' Meyrick, 1907 *'' Artifodina'' Kumata, 1985 *''Aspilapteryx'' Spuler, 1910 **=''Sabulopteryx'' Triberti, 1985 *'' Callicercops'' Vári, 1961 *'' Caloptilia'' Hübner, 1825 **=''Poeciloptilia'' Hübner, 1825 **=''Ornix'' Collar, 1832 **=''Ornix'' Treitschke, 1833 **=''Coriscium'' Zeler, 1839 **=''Calliptilia'' Agassiz, 1847 **=''Timodora'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phyllocnistis Magnoliella Caterpillar
''Phyllocnistis'' is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae. Description Adult Adults of the genus ''Phyllocnistis'' are very small moths with wingspans generally not exceeding 5 mm. Both fore- and hindwings are lanceolate and predominantly white. The forewings are marked with yellow to orange, longitudinal and oblique striae, often bordered by gray or black. A few species are known to possess much darker or strikingly color patterns. The compound eyes of ''Phyllocnistis'' are reduced, with an interocular index (vertical eye diameter/minimum interocular distance) of approximately 0.9. The maxillary palpi are the most reduced among Gracillariidae, being barely evident as vestigial, non-segmented lobes at the base of the elongate proboscis. The wing venation is also reduced. Larvae The larvae of ''Phyllocnistis'' are among the most specialized Lepidoptera. Four instars appear to be the norm, with the first three instars possessing a sapfeeding morphology and behavior. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Horse-chestnut Leaf Miner
The horse-chestnut leaf miner (''Cameraria ohridella'') is a leaf-mining moth of the family Gracillariidae. The horse-chestnut leaf miner was first observed in North Macedonia in 1984, and was described as a new species in 1986.Horse chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella Desch. & Dem. (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) Exotic pest alert - Uk Forestry Commission Its e are s on the common horse-chestnu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lithocolletinae
Lithocolletinae is a subfamily of insects in the moth family Gracillariidae. It is distributed worldwide, with most species in temperate regions.Davis, D. R. and J. De Prins. (2011)Systematics and biology of the new genus ''Macrosaccus'' with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae).''ZooKeys'' (98), 29-82. Diversity and distribution As of 2012, the subfamily contains over 540 species divided into ten genera.De Prins, J. and A. Y. Kawahara. (2012)Systematics, revisionary taxonomy, and biodiversity of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae).''Zootaxa'' 3594: 1–283. About half are native to the Palearctic realm, and over 100 occur in the Nearctic realm. About 66 species occur in the Afrotropical realm, 41 of which were described in the year 2012. Description Moths of the subfamily are small, with wingspans under 10 millimeters. They are often colorful, with forewings in shades of orange or red-brown with white or silvery streaks, and a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phyllocnistinae
Phyllocnistinae is a subfamily of insects in the moth family Gracillariidae. at funet.fi. Genera Genera: *''Phyllocnistis
''Phyllocnistis'' is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.
Description Adult
Adults of the genus ''Phyllocnistis'' are very small moths with wingspans generally not exceeding 5 mm. Both fore- and hindwings are lanceolate and predo ... '' Zeller, 1848
References {{Taxonbar, from=Q1124571[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Privet Leaf Miner
''Gracillaria syringella'' (lilac leafminer or privet leafminer) is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is found in Europe. It has been introduced in North America. The wingspan is 10–13 mm. The forewings are light yellowbrownish, towards base with whitish and dark fuscous strigulae ; an oblique interrupted fascia about 1/4, a somewhat angulated median fascia (sometimes followed by a small costal spot), a tornal spot, a spot on costa beyond, and costal and terminal dots near apex white, black-margined ; a blackish discal suffusion beyond middle. Hindwings are rather dark grey.The larva is whitish, sometimes greenish-tinged ; dorsal line darker green ; head brownish-tinged.Meyrick, E., 1895 ''A Handbook of British Lepidoptera'' MacMillan, Londopdf Keys and description The moth flies in May and again in July depending on the location. The caterpillars feed on ash ('' Fraxinus''), privet (''Ligustrum'') and lilac (''Syringa ''Syringa'' is a genus of 12 curren ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leaf Miner
A leaf miner is any one of numerous species of insects in which the larval stage lives in, and eats, the leaf tissue of plants. The vast majority of leaf-mining insects are moths ( Lepidoptera), sawflies ( Symphyta, the mother clade of wasps), and flies ( Diptera). Some beetles also exhibit this behavior. Like woodboring beetles, leaf miners are protected from many predators and plant defenses by feeding within the tissues of the leaves, selectively eating only the layers that have the least amount of cellulose. When attacking '' Quercus robur'' (English oak), they also selectively feed on tissues containing lower levels of tannin, a deterrent chemical produced in great abundance by the tree. The pattern of the feeding tunnel and the layer of the leaf being mined is often diagnostic of the insect responsible, sometimes even to species level. The mine often contains frass, or droppings, and the pattern of frass deposition, mine shape, and host plant identity are useful to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leaf Mine
A leaf miner is any one of numerous species of insects in which the larval stage lives in, and eats, the leaf tissue of plants. The vast majority of leaf-mining insects are moths ( Lepidoptera), sawflies ( Symphyta, the mother clade of wasps), and flies ( Diptera). Some beetles also exhibit this behavior. Like woodboring beetles, leaf miners are protected from many predators and plant defenses by feeding within the tissues of the leaves, selectively eating only the layers that have the least amount of cellulose. When attacking ''Quercus robur'' (English oak), they also selectively feed on tissues containing lower levels of tannin, a deterrent chemical produced in great abundance by the tree. The pattern of the feeding tunnel and the layer of the leaf being mined is often diagnostic of the insect responsible, sometimes even to species level. The mine often contains frass, or droppings, and the pattern of frass deposition, mine shape, and host plant identity are useful to det ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palaearctic
The Palearctic or Palaearctic is the largest of the eight biogeographic realms of the Earth. It stretches across all of Eurasia north of the foothills of the Himalayas, and North Africa. The realm consists of several bioregions: the Euro-Siberian region; the Mediterranean Basin; the Sahara and Arabian Deserts; and Western, Central and East Asia. The Palaearctic realm also has numerous rivers and lakes, forming several freshwater ecoregions. The term 'Palearctic' was first used in the 19th century, and is still in use as the basis for zoogeographic classification. History In an 1858 paper for the ''Proceedings of the Linnean Society'', British zoologist Philip Sclater first identified six terrestrial zoogeographic realms of the world: Palaearctic, Aethiopian/ Afrotropic, Indian/ Indomalayan, Australasian, Nearctic, and Neotropical. The six indicated general groupings of fauna, based on shared biogeography and large-scale geographic barriers to migration. Alfred Wallace ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylogenetic
In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups of organisms. These relationships are determined by Computational phylogenetics, phylogenetic inference methods that focus on observed heritable traits, such as DNA sequences, protein amino acid sequences, or morphology. The result of such an analysis is a phylogenetic tree—a diagram containing a hypothesis of relationships that reflects the evolutionary history of a group of organisms. The tips of a phylogenetic tree can be living taxa or fossils, and represent the "end" or the present time in an evolutionary lineage. A phylogenetic diagram can be rooted or unrooted. A rooted tree diagram indicates the hypothetical common ancestor of the tree. An unrooted tree diagram (a network) makes no assumption about the ancestral line, and does ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caterpillars
Caterpillars ( ) are the larval stage of members of the order Lepidoptera (the insect order comprising butterflies and moths). As with most common names, the application of the word is arbitrary, since the larvae of sawflies (suborder Symphyta) are commonly called caterpillars as well. Both lepidopteran and symphytan larvae have eruciform body shapes. Caterpillars of most species eat plant material ( often leaves), but not all; some (about 1%) eat insects, and some are even cannibalistic. Some feed on other animal products. For example, clothes moths feed on wool, and horn moths feed on the hooves and horns of dead ungulates. Caterpillars are typically voracious feeders and many of them are among the most serious of agricultural pests. In fact, many moth species are best known in their caterpillar stages because of the damage they cause to fruits and other agricultural produce, whereas the moths are obscure and do no direct harm. Conversely, various species of caterpil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Insect Mouthparts
Insects have mouthparts that may vary greatly across insect species, as they are adapted to particular modes of feeding. The earliest insects had chewing mouthparts. Most specialisation of mouthparts are for piercing and sucking, and this mode of feeding has evolved a number of times idependently. For example, mosquitoes and aphids (which are true bugs) both pierce and suck, however female mosquitoes feed on animal blood whereas aphids feed on plant fluids. Evolution Like most external features of arthropods, the mouthparts of Hexapoda are highly derived. Insect mouthparts show a multitude of different functional mechanisms across the wide diversity of insect species. It is common for significant homology to be conserved, with matching structures forming from matching primordia, and having the same evolutionary origin. However, even if structures are almost physically and functionally identical, they may not be homologous; their analogous functions and appearance might be the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
