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Marianne Rauze
Marianne Rauze (20 September 1875 – 23 October 1964) was a French journalist, feminist, socialist, pacifist and communist. Life Pre-war Marie Anne Rose Gaillarde was born in Paris on 20 September 1875. She became Marie Anne Comignan by marriage. She became an activist in 1905. Marie Anne Rose's husband was a captain in the army. She took the pseudonym "Marianne Rauze", formed from her first names, to protect her husband's career. The seamstress Louise Saumoneau, Élisabeth Renaud, and others founded the Feminist Socialist Group, which had 300 members by 1902. The ''Section Française de l'Internationale Ouvrière'' (SFIO: French Section of the Workers' International) was formed in 1905. It was male-dominated, and refused to allow Saumoneau's group to join as a group, although individual women could join the SFIO. At the end of December 1912, Rauze held a dinner at which the constitution of the feminine section of the SFIO was agreed. Madeleine Pelletier refused her invitation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perpignan
Perpignan (, , ; ca, Perpinyà ; es, Perpiñán ; it, Perpignano ) is the prefecture of the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France, in the heart of the plain of Roussillon, at the foot of the Pyrenees a few kilometres from the Mediterranean Sea and the scrublands of the Corbières massif. It is the centre of the Perpignan Méditerranée Métropole metropolitan area. In 2016 Perpignan had a population of 121,875 (''Perpignanais(e)'' in French, ''Perpinyanés(a)'' in Catalan) in the commune proper, and the metropolitan area had a total population of 268,577, making it the last major French city before the Spanish border. Perpignan is also sometimes seen as the "Entrance" of the Iberian Peninsula. Perpignan was the capital of the former province and County of Roussillon (''Rosselló'' in Catalan) and continental capital of the Kingdom of Majorca in the 13th and 14th centuries. It has preserved an extensive old centre with its ''bodegas'' in the historic centre, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marthe Bigot
Marthe Bigot (1878–1962) was a French primary schoolteacher, feminist, pacifist and communist. Early years Marthe Bigot was born in 1878, the daughter of a baker. She became a primary schoolteacher in Paris. In 1907 the International Socialist Conference of Stuttgart forbade socialist women from collaborating with "bourgeois" feminists. Bigot, Madeleine Pelletier and Hélène Brion resisted this decision. While belonging to the extreme left, they tried to maintain radical feminism. They took a pacifist position in World War I (1914–18). As an ''institutrice'' Bigot and other feminist teachers including Marthe Pichorel and Marie Guillot were investigated and strongly reprimanded for their pacifist attitudes. Bigot was not dismissed, as were Hélène Brion and Lucie Colliard. The ''Comité d'Action Suffragiste'' (CAS) was created in December 1917, directed by Jeanne Mélin, Marthe Bigot and Gabrielle Duchêne. The CAS organized meetings to which they tried to attract w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyrénées-Orientales
Pyrénées-Orientales (; ca, Pirineus Orientals ; oc, Pirenèus Orientals ; ), also known as Northern Catalonia, is a department of the region of Occitania, Southern France, adjacent to the northern Spanish frontier and the Mediterranean Sea. It also surrounds the tiny Spanish exclave of Llívia, and thus has two distinct borders with Spain. In 2019, it had a population of 479,979.Populations légales 2019: 66 Pyrénées-Orientales INSEE Some parts of the Pyrénées-Orientales (like the ) are part of the . It is na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comité Départemental De Libération
The Comité départemental de libération (departmental liberation committee) was a structure of the French Resistance. In 1944, in each department, the Resistance unified around a civil resistance structure (the Comité) and a military one (the French Forces of the Interior). The Comités developed out of the desire of the MUR (Mouvements Unis de la Résistance, or MUR) and the Free French Forces in London under general De Gaulle to give political representation to the Resistance forces fighting in France. In each commune A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or comune or other derivations may also refer to: Administrative-territorial entities * Commune (administrative division), a municipality or township ** Communes of ..., a Comité local de libération (local liberation committee) represent the Comité départemental de libération. Newspaper The CDL created the daily newspaper, with a radical socialist communist outlook. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries. The major participants in the war threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and deploying the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in human history; it resulted in 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allied Intervention In The Russian Civil War
Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War or Allied Powers intervention in the Russian Civil War consisted of a series of multi-national military expeditions which began in 1918. The Allies first had the goal of helping the Czechoslovak Legion in securing supplies of munitions and armaments in Russian ports; during which the Czechoslovak Legion controlled the entire Trans-Siberian Railway and several major cities in Siberia at times between 1918 and 1920. By 1919 the Allied goal became to help the White forces in the Russian Civil War. When the Whites collapsed the Allies withdrew their forces from Russia by 1920 and further withdrawing from Japan by 1922. The goals of these small-scale interventions were partly to stop Germany from exploiting Russian resources, to defeat the Central Powers (prior to the Armistice of November 1918), and to support some of the Allied forces that had become trapped within Russia after the 1917 Bolshevik revolution. Allied troops landed in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, after 1922, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The army was established in January 1918. The Bolsheviks raised an army to oppose the military confederations (especially the various groups collectively known as the White Army) of their adversaries during the Russian Civil War. Starting in February 1946, the Red Army, along with the Soviet Navy, embodied the main component of the Soviet Armed Forces; taking the official name of "Soviet Army", until its dissolution in 1991. The Red Army provided the largest land force in the Allied victory in the European theatre of World War II, and its invasion of Manchuria assisted the unconditional surrender of Imperial Japan. During operations on the Eastern Front, it accounted for 75–80% of casual ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Third International
The Communist International (Comintern), also known as the Third International, was a Soviet-controlled international organization founded in 1919 that advocated world communism. The Comintern resolved at its Second Congress to "struggle by all available means, including armed force, for the overthrow of the international bourgeoisie and the creation of an international Soviet republic as a transition stage to the complete abolition of the state". The Comintern was preceded by the 1916 dissolution of the Second International. The Comintern held seven World Congresses in Moscow between 1919 and 1935. During that period, it also conducted thirteen Enlarged Plenums of its governing Executive Committee, which had much the same function as the somewhat larger and more grandiose Congresses. Joseph Stalin, leader of the Soviet Union, dissolved the Comintern in 1943 to avoid antagonizing his allies in the later years of World War II, the United States and the United Kingdom. It was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Victor Méric
Victor Célestin Méric was the pseudonym of Henri Coudon (10 May 1876 – 10 October 1933), a French journalist and libertarian author. He contributed to various anarchist journals before World War I (1914–18). Despite being a pacifist, he served in the army during the war. Afterwards he joined the French Communist Party, but was expelled in 1923 for his pacifist convictions. He wrote a number of books, both fiction and non-fiction, and founded the ''Ligue internationale des combattants de la paix'' (LICP: International League of Fighters for Peace). Life Henri Coudon was born in Marseille on 10 May 1876 into a progressive-minded family. He moved to Paris, where he joined anarchist circles and took the pseudonym Victor Méric. He contributed to ''Le Libertaire'', where he became a friend of Gaston Couté and Fernand Desprès. He was one of the founders of the ''Association internationale antimilitariste'' in 1904. In 1906, Méric joined the revolutionary socialists and contr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georges Yvetôt
Georges Louis François Yvetot (20 July 1868 – 11 May 1942) was a French typographer, anarcho-syndicalist and anti-militarist. He was secretary general of the '' Fédération des Bourses de travail'' (Federation of Workers' Councils) and deputy secretary general of the ''Confédération générale du travail'' (CGT – General Confederation of Labour) in the period leading up to World War I (1914–18). He kept a low profile during the war, and in 1918 was dismissed from the CGT leadership. After the war he contributed to many anarchist journals. He died in poverty during World War II (1939–45). Early years Georges Louis François Yvetot was born in Paris on 20 July 1868 to a father of Norman origin. He was born in the Minimes barracks, where his father was a gendarme. His mother died, and then his father, while he was young. He was raised by the Brothers of Christian Doctrine and the Auteuil center for orphan apprentices, where he trained as a typographer from 1880 to 1887. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georges Pioch
Georges Jules Charles Pioch (9 October 1873 – 27 March 1953) was a French poet, journalist, pacifist and socialist intellectual. He was president of the International League for Peace from 1930 to 1937. Early years Georges Pioch was born in Paris on 9 October 1873. He began writing, and published collections of poetry in the ''Mercure de France''. He contributed to Paul Fort's review ''Vers et prose'', and was associated with Saint-Georges de Bouhélier. His early works such as ''La Légende blasphémée'' (1897), ''Toi'' (1897), ''Le Jour qu'on aime'' (1898) and ''Instants de Ville'' (1898) received good reviews. As a journalist, from 1900 Pioch wrote on literary and dramatic topics for the ''Libertaire''. Pioch was editor of ''Gil Blas'' in 1910, and of ''Hommes du jour'' in 1914. He belonged to a group of intellectuals who were committed to the liberation of Alfred Dreyfus. They defended truth and believed that intellectuals should join with the people. In 1914 he contribute ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Léon Werth
Léon Werth (17 February 1878, Remiremont, Vosges – 13 December 1955, Paris) was a French writer and art critic, a friend of Octave Mirbeau and a close friend and confidant of Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. Léon Werth wrote critically and with great precision on French society through World War I, colonization, and on French "collaboration" during World War II. Early life Werth was born in 1878 in the Remiremont, Vosges, in an assimilated Jewish family. His father, Stefan, was a draper and his mother, Jovana, was the sister of the philosopher Frédéric Rauh. He was a brilliant student, a Grand Prize winner in France's ''Concours général'' and a literary and humanities CPGE philosophy student at Lycée Henri-IV. However, he abandoned his studies to become a columnist in various magazines. Leading a bohemian life, he devoted himself to writing and art criticism. Career Werth was a protégé and friend of Octave Mirbeau, the author of '' The Diary of a Chambermaid'', co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
