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Mantharta Language
Mantharta is a partly extinct dialect cluster spoken in the southern Pilbara region of Western Australia Western Australia (commonly abbreviated as WA) is a state of Australia occupying the western percent of the land area of Australia excluding external territories. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to th .... There were four varieties, which were distinct but largely mutually intelligible. The four were: * Tharrgari (Tharrkari, Dhargari), still spoken c. 2005 * Warriyangka (Wadiwangga), still spoken c. 1973 * Thiin (Thiinma), still spoken c. 2021 * Jiwarli (Tjiwarli), extinct by 2004 The name ''mantharta'' comes from the word for "man" in all four varieties. Language revival , the Warriyangga dialect is one of 20 languages prioritised as part of the Priority Languages Support Project, being undertaken by First Languages Australia and funded by the Department of Communications and the Arts. The project aims to "identify and do ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Western Australia
Western Australia (commonly abbreviated as WA) is a state of Australia occupying the western percent of the land area of Australia excluding external territories. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east, and South Australia to the south-east. Western Australia is Australia's largest state, with a total land area of . It is the second-largest country subdivision in the world, surpassed only by Russia's Sakha Republic. the state has 2.76 million inhabitants percent of the national total. The vast majority (92 percent) live in the south-west corner; 79 percent of the population lives in the Perth area, leaving the remainder of the state sparsely populated. The first Europeans to visit Western Australia belonged to the Dutch Dirk Hartog expedition, who visited the Western Australian coast in 1616. The first permanent European colony of Western Australia occurred following the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tharrkari
The Tharrkari, also referred to as the Targari, are an Aboriginal Australian people of the Gascoyne region of Western Australia. Language The Tharrkari spoke one of four dialects of Mantharta, the other members of the dialect continuum being the Thiin, Warriyangka and Djiwarli. Country The Tharrkari's traditional lands were calculated by Norman Tindale to have covered from , including the coastal plain south of the Lyndon River Minilya is a location in Western Australia north of Carnarvon on the North West Coastal Highway. It is at a junction in the North West Coastal Highway, where the turn off to Exmouth is from that location. The main highway then continues to the ... and Lyndon Station, to west of Round Hill, and running east as far as Hill Springs and the headwaters of the Minilya River. Their southern boundary was around Middalya, Moogooree, and the Kennedy Range. Their eastern border was with the Wariangga and the Malgaru. History of contact With the advent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wariangga
The Wariangga, also written Warriyangka, are an Aboriginal Australian people of the Gascoyne region in Western Australia. Language The Warriyangka spoke one of four dialects of Mantharta, the other members of the dialect continuum being the Thiin, Djiwarli and Tharrkari. Country According to Norman Tindale's estimation the Wariangga's tribal lands stretched over approximately in the Gascoyne region, covering areas of the Upper Lyons River, and including also Gifford and Minnie creeks, Edmund and the area east of Maroonah. Tindale states also that they held to a strict maintenance of boundaries. Their neighbours were the Tenma to the north, the Dyiwali to their northeast, the Ninanu directly east, the Watjarri southeast, the Malgaru at their southern limits, and the Tharrkari The Tharrkari, also referred to as the Targari, are an Aboriginal Australian people of the Gascoyne region of Western Australia. Language The Tharrkari spoke one of four dialects of Mantharta, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tenma People
The Tenma or Thiin were an Aboriginal Australian people of the Pilbara region of Western Australia. Language The Thiin spoke one of four dialects of Mantharta, the other members of the dialect continuum being the Warriyangka, Djiwarli and Tharrkari. Country The Tenma were a small tribe located around the head of the Henry River, the Barlee Range and the Frederick River. Norman Tindale Norman Barnett Tindale AO (12 October 1900 – 19 November 1993) was an Australian anthropologist, archaeologist, entomologist and ethnologist. Life Tindale was born in Perth, Western Australia in 1900. His family moved to Tokyo and lived ther ... assigned them an estimated of traditional tribal land. Alternative names * ''Te:n'' * ''Teen'' Source: Notes Citations Sources * * * * {{Authority control Aboriginal peoples of Western Australia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jiwarli
The Djiwarli, also written Jiwarli, are an Aboriginal Australian people of the Pilbara region of Western Australia. Language The Jiwarli speak one of four dialects of Mantharta, the other members of the dialect continuum being the Thiin, Warriyangka and Tharrkari. Country In Norman Tindale's estimation the Dyiwali's lands extended over , taking in the headwaters of Henry and Yannarie rivers, and running southeast from Mt Hamlet and Mt Florry as far as the Lyons River The Lyons River is a river in the Gascoyne region of Western Australia. The headwaters of the Lyons rise just west of the Teano Range and the river flows generally south-west, joined by 36 tributaries including the Edmund River, Frederick Rive .... Their northeastern reaches touched only as far as the Ashburton River divide. Alternative names * ''Jivali'' * ''Jiwali'' * ''Tivali'' * ''Tjiwali.'' Source: Notes Citations Sources * * * * {{Authority control Aboriginal peoples of Western Austral ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malgaru
The Malgaru were an Aboriginal Australian people of Western Australia. They might have been a subgroup of the Wariangga. Country The Malgaru ranged over, in Norman Tindale's estimation, some of territory to the east of the Kennedy Range National Park, Kennedy Range, and the hill lands east of the Lyons River. Their land took in the area running north from Gascoyne Junction, Western Australia, Gascoyne Junction north as far as the vicinity of Minnie Creek. They were also present at Eudamullah. Their southern extension ran close to Fossil Hill. Their neighbours on the western side of the Kennedy Range were the Maia people, Maia. Top the northeast were the Ninanu, while directly east lay the Watjarri. People The Malgaru were one of the tribes that refrained from introducing circumcision into their rites of initiation. Notes Citations Sources * * * * {{authority control Aboriginal peoples of Western Australia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pama–Nyungan Languages
The Pama–Nyungan languages are the most widespread family of Australian Aboriginal languages, containing 306 out of 400 Aboriginal languages in Australia. The name "Pama–Nyungan" is a merism: it derived from the two end-points of the range: the Pama languages of northeast Australia (where the word for "man" is ) and the Nyungan languages of southwest Australia (where the word for "man" is ). The other language families indigenous to the continent of Australia are occasionally referred to, by exclusion, as non-Pama–Nyungan languages, though this is not a taxonomic term. The Pama–Nyungan family accounts for most of the geographic spread, most of the Aboriginal population, and the greatest number of languages. Most of the Pama–Nyungan languages are spoken by small ethnic groups of hundreds of speakers or fewer. The vast majority of languages, either due to disease or elimination of their speakers, have become extinct, and almost all remaining ones are endangered in some ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kanyara–Mantharta Languages
The Kanyara and Mantharta languages form a western branch of the Pama–Nyungan family.Bowern, Claire. 2011.How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia?, ''Anggarrgoon: Australian languages on the web'', December 23, 2011correctedFebruary 6, 2012) References {{DEFAULTSORT:Kanyara-Mantharta languages Southwest Pama–Nyungan languages Indigenous Australian languages in Western Australia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jiwarli Language
Jiwarli (also spelt Djiwarli, Tjiwarli) is an Australian Aboriginal language formerly spoken in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. It is a variety of the Mantharta language Mantharta is a partly extinct dialect cluster spoken in the southern Pilbara region of Western Australia Western Australia (commonly abbreviated as WA) is a state of Australia occupying the western percent of the land area of Australia ex ... of the large Pama–Nyungan family. The last native speaker of Jiwarli, Jack Butler, died in April 1986. Prof Peter K. Austin (Linguistics Department, SOAS) collected all the available material on Jiwarli during fieldwork with Jack Butler 1978–1985. He has published a volume of texts on the language and a bilingual dictionary (Jiwarli-English with English-Jiwarli finderlist); both are currently out of print. Phonology Vowels Consonants Phonotactics Word-initially, only non-apical stops, nasals and glides are allowed; that is, words may only b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dialect Cluster
A dialect continuum or dialect chain is a series of language varieties spoken across some geographical area such that neighboring varieties are mutually intelligible, but the differences accumulate over distance so that widely separated varieties may not be. This is a typical occurrence with widely spread languages and language families around the world, when these languages did not spread recently. Some prominent examples include the Indo-Aryan languages across large parts of India, varieties of Arabic across north Africa and southwest Asia, the Turkic languages, the Chinese languages or dialects, and subgroups of the Romance, Germanic and Slavic families in Europe. Leonard Bloomfield used the name dialect area. Charles F. Hockett used the term L-complex. Dialect continua typically occur in long-settled agrarian populations, as innovations spread from their various points of origin as waves. In this situation, hierarchical classifications of varieties are impractical. Inst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pilbara
The Pilbara () is a large, dry, thinly populated region in the north of Western Australia. It is known for its Aboriginal peoples; its ancient landscapes; the red earth; and its vast mineral deposits, in particular iron ore. It is also a global biodiversity hotspot for subterranean fauna. Definitions of the Pilbara region At least two important but differing definitions of "the Pilbara" region exist. Administratively it is one of the nine regions of Western Australia defined by the ''Regional Development Commissions Act 1993''; the term also refers to the Pilbara shrublands bioregion (which differs in extent) under the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA). General The Pilbara region, as defined by the Regional Development Commissions Act 1993 and administered for economic development purposes by the Pilbara Development Commission, has an estimated population of 61,688 , and covers an area of . It contains some of Earth's oldest rock formations, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Department Of Communications And The Arts
The Australian Department of Communications and the Arts was a department of the Government of Australia charged with responsibility for communications policy and programs and cultural affairs. In December 2019, prime minister Scott Morrison announced that the department would be merged into a new "mega department", the new Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Communications. In response to criticism from the arts sector, Paul Fletcher, Minister for Communications and the Arts said that the merger was merely administrative and would not result in budget cuts. History The department was created in September 2015 following Malcolm Turnbull becoming prime minister, replacing the Department of Communications, and transferring responsibility for the arts from the Attorney-General's Department. Preceding departments *Postmaster-General's Department (1 January 1901 – 22 December 1975) *Department of the Media (19 December 1972 – 22 December 1975) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
