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Malpas Tunnel
The Malpas tunnel carries the Canal du Midi under the d'Ensérune hill in Hérault, France. Excavated in 1679, it was Europe's first navigable canal tunnel and is a monument to the determination of Pierre-Paul Riquet, the chief engineer. It is located in the commune of Nissan-lez-Ensérune near to the archaeological site Oppidum d'Ensérune. There was great disappointment when the works reached the hill d'Ensérune. A few metres of digging in hard rock revealed a very brittle sandstone subject to slippage. Colbert, the prime minister, halted the works when he was made aware of the situation. The portal was blocked and the workings re-sited. Riquet's detractors took advantage of this situation to impede the project. Colbert announced that he would send royal commissioners to decide the canal's future. The advice of the Chevalier de Clerville, architect to Louis XIV, was to cross the river Aude rather than tunnel through the hill. Riquet, however, maintained his preference for a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aude (river)
The Aude (; ; Latin ''Atax'' ) is a river of southern France that is long. Its source is in the Pyrenees mountains then runs to Carcassonne and finally reaches the Mediterranean Sea near Narbonne. The river is navigable by raft or canoe for nearly all of its length. It is registered as essential to the Languedoc-Roussillon region. The river gave its name to the Aude '' department''. Etymology In antiquity, the ''Aude'' was called ''Atax'' by the Romans. Some authors in antiquity called the river ''Narbôn'' (e.g. Polybius). In 1342 the Roussillon Cartulary of Alart called it the ''Auda'' or the ''Ribera d'Aude''.Jacques Amiel, ''L'AUDE. Fleuve du pays cathare'', Les presses du Languedoc, Montpellier, 1999 , p. 21. In the Middle Ages the terms ''Adice'', again ''Atax'', ''Fluvium Atacis'', ''Flumine Atace'', ''Flumen Ataze'', and ''Juxta Aditum fluvium'' were also used to designate the Aude. In all likelihood the current name comes from a gradual evolution of ''Atax'' given by St ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canal Tunnels In France
Canals or artificial waterways are waterways or engineered channels built for drainage management (e.g. flood control and irrigation) or for conveyancing water transport vehicles (e.g. water taxi). They carry free, calm surface flow under atmospheric pressure, and can be thought of as artificial rivers. In most cases, a canal has a series of dams and locks that create reservoirs of low speed current flow. These reservoirs are referred to as ''slack water levels'', often just called ''levels''. A canal can be called a ''navigation canal'' when it parallels a natural river and shares part of the latter's discharges and drainage basin, and leverages its resources by building dams and locks to increase and lengthen its stretches of slack water levels while staying in its valley. A canal can cut across a drainage divide atop a ridge, generally requiring an external water source above the highest elevation. The best-known example of such a canal is the Panama Canal. Man ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rove Tunnel
The Rove Tunnel ( French: ''Tunnel du Rove'') is a currently out-of-use canal tunnel in Southern France that connected the 16th arrondissement of Marseille to the Étang de Berre in the Bouches-du-Rhône department from 1927 to 1963. It allowed for waterway transport avoiding the Mediterranean Sea towards the Rhône within the larger Canal de Marseille au Rhône. With a length of it was a major work of civil engineering; it remains the longest canal tunnel in the world. Description The tunnel was the most challenging section of the Canal de Marseille au Rhône, which connected Marseille to the Rhône river. The canal has a total length of . The tunnel starts near the village of Le Rove; it provides a sea level passage through the maximum altitude . The tunnel is long, wide and high. The water depth is . It remains the biggest canal tunnel in the world, as far as shipping canals are concerned. As a part of the Canal de Marseille au Rhône, it used to connect the Étang de Be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canal Tunnel
{{Refimprove, date=September 2009 A canal tunnel is a tunnel for a canal. The building of a canal tunnel is crucial to help a waterway that is normally used for shipping cross a difficult section of terrain. They are also constructed to reduce the dependency on canal locks. The longest canal tunnel in the world is the Rove Tunnel in France, currently disused. Other notable examples of canal tunnels include the proposed Stad Ship Tunnel in Norway, a proposed tunnel for sea going vessels, Standedge Tunnel, the longest, deepest and highest in the United Kingdom and Harecastle Tunnel, another noteworthy tunnel in the UK. The oldest canal tunnel in the world is the Malpas Tunnel also in France, built in 1679. In some canal tunnels the towpath continues through the tunnel. In other cases, especially on English narrow canals, there is no towpath. The horse would be led over the hill and the boat would be propelled by legging. The term "canal tunnel" is not commonly applied to tunnel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Narbonne
Narbonne (, also , ; oc, Narbona ; la, Narbo ; Late Latin:) is a commune in France, commune in Southern France in the Occitania (administrative region), Occitanie Regions of France, region. It lies from Paris in the Aude Departments of France, department, of which it is a Subprefectures in France, sub-prefecture. It is located about from the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and was historically a prosperous port. From the 14th century it declined following a change in the course of the river Aude (river), Aude. It is marginally the largest commune in Aude. But the capital of the Aude department is the smaller commune of Carcassonne. Geography Narbonne is linked to the nearby Canal du Midi and the river Aude (river), Aude by the Canal de la Robine, which runs through the centre of town. It is very close to the A9 motorway, which connects Montpellier and Nîmes to Perpignan and, across the border, to Barcelona in Spain. There is also a recently renovated train station which se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Béziers
Béziers (; oc, Besièrs) is a Subprefectures in France, subprefecture of the Hérault Departments of France, department in the Occitania (administrative region), Occitanie Regions of France, region of Southern France. Every August Béziers hosts the famous ''Feria de Béziers'', which is centred on bullfighting. A million visitors are attracted to the five-day event. The town is located on a small Cliff, bluff above the river Orb (river), Orb, about from the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean coast and southwest of Montpellier. At Béziers, the Canal du Midi passes over the river Orb by means of the ''Orb Aqueduct, Pont-canal de l'Orb'', an Navigable aqueduct, aqueduct claimed to be the first of its kind. History Béziers is one of the oldest cities in France. Research published in March 2013 shows that Béziers dates from 575 BC, making it older than Agde (Greek Agathe Tyche, founded in 525 BC) and a bit younger than Marseille (Greek Massalia, founded in 600 BC ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Étang De Montady
: The Étang de Montady ( en, "pond of Montady") is a drained pond or lagoon, or more accurately a former freshwater wetland, located near Montady and Colombiers, midway between Béziers and Narbonne in the western department of Hérault in southern France. History Popularly believed to have been "constructed by the Visigoths", the Étang de Montady was in fact built by monks and wealthy Béziers landowners during the second half of the 13th century after a 1247 authorization by the Archbishop of Narbonne. Carrière 1980. The exact dates when the work began or ended are not clear, but the landscape as it exists today was completed by 1268. The Étang de Montady was drained to provide much-needed farmland for the Kingdom of France, which was then experiencing a population boom. This agricultural landscape exists today and can be seen from the Oppidum d'Ensérune, a nearby hill and historic settlement. Design and construction The area was drained by making radial ditches from a s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lock (water Transport)
A lock is a device used for raising and lowering boats, ships and other watercraft between stretches of water of different levels on river and canal waterways. The distinguishing feature of a lock is a fixed chamber in which the water level can be varied; whereas in a caisson lock, a boat lift, or on a canal inclined plane, it is the chamber itself (usually then called a caisson) that rises and falls. Locks are used to make a river more easily navigable, or to allow a canal to cross land that is not level. Later canals used more and larger locks to allow a more direct route to be taken. Pound lock A ''pound lock'' is most commonly used on canals and rivers today. A pound lock has a chamber with gates at both ends that control the level of water in the pound. In contrast, an earlier design with a single gate was known as a flash lock. Pound locks were first used in China during the Song Dynasty (960–1279 AD), having been pioneered by the Song politician and naval en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis XIV
, house = Bourbon , father = Louis XIII , mother = Anne of Austria , birth_date = , birth_place = Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France , death_date = , death_place = Palace of Versailles, Versailles, France , burial_date = 9 September 1715 , burial_place = Basilica of Saint-Denis , religion = Catholicism (Gallican Rite) , signature = Louis XIV Signature.svg Louis XIV (Louis Dieudonné; 5 September 16381 September 1715), also known as Louis the Great () or the Sun King (), was King of France from 14 May 1643 until his death in 1715. His reign of 72 years and 110 days is the longest of any sovereign in history whose date is verifiable. Although Louis XIV's France was emblematic of the age of absolutism in Europe, the King surrounded himself with a variety of significant political, military, and cultural figures, such as Bossuet, Colbert, Le Brun, Le Nôtre, Lully, Mazarin, Molière, Racine, Turenne, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intérieur Du Tunnel De Malpas
''Interior'' (french: Intérieur) is an 1895 play in rhymed dialogue by Belgian playwright Maurice Maeterlinck. It was one of his few plays intended for marionettes. Premiere ''Interior'' premiered at the Théâtre de l'Œuvre on March 15, 1895. Cast of characters Synopsis The old man and the stranger appear outside the house. The family can be seen within through the windows. The old man and the stranger argue over how to inform the family of the death of one of the daughters. As the crowd approaches with the body, the old man enters the house and can be seen through the windows informing them of their loss. Themes The main theme of the play is death. Maeterlinck creates tension by contrasting the anxiety of the characters in the garden with the serenity and ignorance of the family within the house. Maeterlinck, an avid reader of Arthur Schopenhauer, believed that man was ultimately powerless against the forces of fate. Believing that any actor, due to the limitations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chevalier De Clerville
Chevalier may refer to: Honours Belgium * a rank in the Belgian Order of the Crown * a rank in the Belgian Order of Leopold * a rank in the Belgian Order of Leopold II * a title in the Belgian nobility France * a rank in the French Legion d'honneur * a rank in the French Ordre des Arts et des Lettres * a rank in the French Ordre des Palmes Académiques * a rank in the French Ordre National du Mérite Other * Chevalier, a member of certain orders of knighthood * "Degree of Chevalier", the highest honor for an active member of DeMolay International Entertainment * ''Chevalier'' (2015 film), a 2015 Greek film * ''Chevalier'' (2022 film) * '' Chevalier: Le Chevalier D'Eon'', a 2005 anime and manga * ''Hotel Chevalier'', an American-French short film written and directed by Wes Anderson, 2007 * some characters in the anime and manga series ''Blood+'' Other * Chevalier de Saint-Georges, Afro-Caribbean and French classical composer, fencer, and violinist * Chevalier College, an M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
