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Maliamia
Maliamia ("Malian bowfin") is an extinct genus of amiid ray-finned fish from the Early Eocene, known from fragmentary remains found in the Tamaguélelt Formation of Mali. It was described in 1989, based on fossils recovered by three separate expeditions in 1975, 1979–80, and 1981. The type species is ''Maliamia gigas,'' named in reference to its large size. Maliamia is currently the youngest known member of Vidalamiinae, an extinct group of bowfin fish that lived from the Early Cretaceous to the Early Eocene. Description ''M. gigas'' is known from isolated jaw remains including premaxillae, vomers, maxillae, and dentaries. These fragments lack teeth due to post-mortem wear, but empty tooth sockets remain, and their arrangement implies that ''M. gigas'' had a single row of teeth. Estimates put the body length of ''M. gigas'' between 1.8 (based on ''Calamopleurus'') and 3.5 meters (based on ''Amia''), making it the largest known member of Vidalamiinae. Paleoenvironment F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Fossiliferous Stratigraphic Units In Mali
This is a list of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Mali. __NOTOC__ List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units See also * Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Africa ** List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Guinea ** List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Ivory Coast ** List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Mauritania ** List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Niger ** List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Senegal * Geology of Mali References Further reading * E. S. Gaffney, E. Roberts, F. Sissoko, M. L. Bouaré, L. Tapanila and M. A. O'Leary. 2007. ''Acleistochelys'', a New Side-Necked Turtle (Pelomedusoides: Bothremydidae) from the Paleocene of Mali. ''American Museum Novitates'' 3549:1-24 * E. S. Gaffney, R. T. J. Moody, and C. A. Walker. 2001. ''Azabbaremys'', a new Side-Necked Turtle (Pelomedusoides: Bothremydidae) from the Paleocene of Mali. ''American Museum Novitates'' 3320:1-16 * R. V. Hill, J. A. McCartney, E. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amiiformes
The Amiiformes order of fish has only one extant species, the bowfin (''Amia calva''). These Amiiformes are found in the freshwater systems of North America, in the United States and parts of southern Canada. They live in freshwater streams, rivers, and swamps. Bowfins are not on the endangered list. They have the ability to go to the surface to breathe air if the water level is too low. Characteristics of Amiiformes are a cylindrical body with a long dorsal fin, single gular plate, heterocercal caudal fin, 10 to 13 flattened branchiostegal rays, maxilla included in gape, and prominent ocellus near upper base of caudal fin. Evolution and diversity The extinct species of the Amiiformes can be found as fossils in Asia and Europe, but the bowfin is the last living species in the order. Amiiformes is therefore the last surviving order of Halecomorphi, the clade to which the bowfin and its fossil relatives belong. Other orders, such as the Parasemionotiformes, are all extinct. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amiidae
The Amiidae are a family of basal ray-finned fishes. The bowfin is the only species to survive today, although additional species in all four subfamilies of Amiidae are known from Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Eocene fossils. Bowfins are now found throughout eastern North America, typically in slow-moving backwaters, canals, and ox-bow lakes. When the oxygen level is low (as often happens in still waters), the bowfin can rise to the surface and gulp air into its swim bladder, which is lined with blood vessels and can serve as a primitive lung. Amiidae is a monophyletic group that has numerous synapomorphic characters. Amiidae were widespread and particularly rich in species during the Eocene era. During this era, they appeared to be confined almost exclusively to fresh water. Taxonomy The family is divided into four subfamilies, with 11 genera described: *Amiidae **Subfamily Amiinae ***Genus ''Amia'' ***Genus †'' Cyclurus'' ***Genus †'' Pseudoamiatus'' **Subfamily †Amiopsin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vidalamiinae
The Amiidae are a family of basal ray-finned fishes. The bowfin is the only species to survive today, although additional species in all four subfamilies of Amiidae are known from Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Eocene fossils. Bowfins are now found throughout eastern North America, typically in slow-moving backwaters, canals, and ox-bow lakes. When the oxygen level is low (as often happens in still waters), the bowfin can rise to the surface and gulp air into its swim bladder, which is lined with blood vessels and can serve as a primitive lung. Amiidae is a monophyletic group that has numerous synapomorphic characters. Amiidae were widespread and particularly rich in species during the Eocene era. During this era, they appeared to be confined almost exclusively to fresh water. Taxonomy The family is divided into four subfamilies, with 11 genera described: *Amiidae **Subfamily Amiinae ***Genus ''Amia'' ***Genus †'' Cyclurus'' ***Genus †'' Pseudoamiatus'' **Subfamily †Amiopsin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animalia
Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals consume organic material, breathe oxygen, are able to move, can reproduce sexually, and go through an ontogenetic stage in which their body consists of a hollow sphere of cells, the blastula, during embryonic development. Over 1.5 million living animal species have been described—of which around 1 million are insects—but it has been estimated there are over 7 million animal species in total. Animals range in length from to . They have complex interactions with each other and their environments, forming intricate food webs. The scientific study of animals is known as zoology. Most living animal species are in Bilateria, a clade whose members have a bilaterally symmetric body plan. The Bilateria include the protostomes, containing animals such as nematodes, arthropods, flatworms, annelids and molluscs, and the deuterostomes, containing the echinode ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20% of its land area.Sayre, April Pulley (1999), ''Africa'', Twenty-First Century Books. . With billion people as of , it accounts for about of the world's human population. Africa's population is the youngest amongst all the continents; the median age in 2012 was 19.7, when the worldwide median age was 30.4. Despite a wide range of natural resources, Africa is the least wealthy continent per capita and second-least wealthy by total wealth, behind Oceania. Scholars have attributed this to different factors including geography, climate, tribalism, colonialism, the Cold War, neocolonialism, lack of democracy, and corruption. Despite this low concentration of wealth, recent economic expansion and the large and young population make Afr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pycnodus
''Pycnodus'' (from el, πυκνός , 'dense' and el, ὀδούς 'tooth') is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish ranging from the Jurassic to Eocene periods. As its name suggests, it is the type genus of Pycnodontiformes. The known whole fossils of ''Pycnodus'' are around long, and have a superficial resemblance to angelfish or butterflyfish. The animals, as typical of all other pycnodontids, had many knob-like teeth, forming pavements in the jaws with which to break and crush hard food substances, probably mollusks and echinoderms. These teeth are the most common form of fossil. ''Pycnodus'' fossils have been found in present-day India, North Africa, Belgium, England, and Italy, regions corresponding with the Tethys Ocean. A specimen of the prehistoric whale, '' Basilosaurus isis'', was found in the Eocene-aged Wadi El Hitan ( ar, وادي الحيتان, lit=Valley of the Whales ) is a paleontological site in the Faiyum Governorate of Egypt, some south-west of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myliobatis
''Myliobatis'' is a genus of eagle rays in the family Myliobatidae. Description ''Myliobatis'' species can reach a width up to about . Their bodies consist of a rhomboidal disc, wider than long, with one dorsal fin. The head is broad and short, with eyes and spiracles on the sides. The tail is slender, with one or two large spines at the base, without tail fin. The teeth are arranged in the lower and upper jaws in flat tooth plates called pavement teeth, each consisting of about seven series of plates, which are used to crush clam shells and crustaceans. Biology ''Myliobatis'' species are ovoviviparous. Their gestation last about 6 months and a female produces four to seven embryos. ''Myliobatis'' species mainly feed on molluscs, bottom-living crustaceans, and small fishes. Habitat ''Mylobatis'' species live in warm, shallow waters. Adults prefer sandy shores, while juveniles can usually be encountered offshore. Species Extant species Currently, 11 species in this genus are r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stratodus
''Stratodus'' is a genus of giant prehistoric aulopiform fish found in Cretaceous-aged marine strata of Kansas, Alabama, Morocco, Israel, and Niger, South Dakota, Jordan. It has also been found in the Tamaguélelt Formation of Mali, dating to the Lower Eocene, indicating that ''Stratodus'' survived the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event. This sleek fish has an upper jaw filled with multiple rows of tiny teeth and was the largest aulopiform, reaching 5 meters in length. History of Discovery ''Stratodus'' was initially described by Edward Drinker Cope in Kansas during 1872, naming the type species ''S. apicalis'', and described a second species in 1877, ''S. oxypogon'', both species being assigned to the family Stratodontidae. ''S. oxypogon'' is now often considered a synonym of ''S. apicalis'', and the family was shifted from Stratodontidae to Dercetidae, but now has gone back to Stratodontidae. For the 19th and 20th centuries, ''Stratodus'' was only known from poor fossi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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