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''Myliobatis'' is a
/ref> The teeth are arranged in the lower and upper jaws in flat tooth plates called pavement teeth, each consisting of about seven series of plates, which are used to crush clam shells and crustaceans.
/ref>
Extinct species within this genus include:Shark References
/ref> *†'' Myliobatis acutus'' Agassiz, 1843 *†'' Myliobatis affinis'' Chapman & Cudmore, 1924 *†'' Myliobatis albestii'' Pauca, 1929 *†'' Myliobatis altavillae'' Meschinelli, 1924 *†'' Myliobatis altus'' Davis, 1888 *†'' Myliobatis americanus'' Bravard, 1884 *†'' Myliobatis angustidens'' Sismonda, 1849 *†'' Myliobatis angustus'' Agassiz, 1843 *†'' Myliobatis arcuatus'' Davis, 1888 *†'' Myliobatis bellardii'' Issel, 1877 *†'' Myliobatis bilobatus'' Dartevelle & Casier, 1943 *†'' Myliobatis bisulcus'' Marsh, 1870 *†'' Myliobatis bothriodon'' White, 1926 *†'' Myliobatis canaliculatus'' Agassiz, 1843 *†'' Myliobatis colei'' Agassiz, 1843 *†'' Myliobatis crassidens'' Dartevelle & Casier, 1959 *†'' Myliobatis dimorphus'' Delfortrie, 1871 *†'' Myliobatis dispar'' Leriche, 1913 *†'' Myliobatis dixoni'' Agassiz, 1843 *†'' Myliobatis elatus'' Stromer, 1905 *†'' Myliobatis enormis'' Mendiola, 1999 *†'' Myliobatis erctensis'' Salinas, 1901 *†'' Myliobatis fastigiatus'' Leidy, 1876 *†'' Myliobatis fraasi'' Stromer, 1905 *†'' Myliobatis frangens'' Eastman, 1904 *†'' Myliobatis funiculatus'' Delfortrie, 1871 *†'' Myliobatis gigas'' Cope, 1867 *†'' Myliobatis girondicus'' Pedroni, 1844 *†'' Myliobatis goniopleurus'' Agassiz, 1843 *†'' Myliobatis granulosus'' Issel, 1877 *†'' Myliobatis haueri'' Penecke, 1884 *†'' Myliobatis holmesii'' Gibbes, 1849 *†'' Myliobatis intermedius'' Dartevelle & Casier, 1943 *†'' Myliobatis kummeli'' Fowler, 1911 *†'' Myliobatis lagaillardei'' Thomas, 1904 *†'' Myliobatis lateralis'' Agassiz, 1843 *†'' Myliobatis leidyi'' Hay, 1899 *†'' Myliobatis leognanensis'' Delfortrie, 1871 *†'' Myliobatis lepersonnei'' Dartevelle & Casier, 1959 *†'' Myliobatis llopisi'' Bauzá & Gomez Pallerola, 1982 *†'' Myliobatis magister'' Leidy, 1876 *†'' Myliobatis marginalis'' Agassiz, 1843 *†'' Myliobatis merriami'' Jordan & Beal, 1913 *†'' Myliobatis meyeri'' Weiler, 1922 *†'' Myliobatis micropleurus'' Agassiz, 1843 *†'' Myliobatis microrhizus'' Delfortrie, 1871 *†'' Myliobatis miocenicus'' Böhm, 1942 *†'' Myliobatis mokattamensis'' Stromer, 1905 *†'' Myliobatis monnieri'' Cappetta, 1986 *†'' Myliobatis moorabbinensis'' Chapman & Pritchard, 1907 *†'' Myliobatis mordax'' Leidy, 1876 *†'' Myliobatis moutai'' Dartevelle & Casier, 1959 *†'' Myliobatis nzadinensis'' Dartevelle & Casier, 1943 *†'' Myliobatis oweni'' Agassiz, 1843 *†'' Myliobatis pachyodon'' Cope, 1867 *†'' Myliobatis pachyrhizodus'' Fowler, 1911 *†'' Myliobatis pentoni'' Woodward, 1893 *†'' Myliobatis placentinus'' Carraroli, 1897 *†'' Myliobatis plicatilis'' Davis, 1888 *†'' Myliobatis prenticei'' Chapman & Cudmore, 1924 *†'' Myliobatis raouxi'' Arambourg, 1952 *†'' Myliobatis rima'' Meyer, 1844 *†'' Myliobatis rivierei'' Sauvage, 1878 *†'' Myliobatis rugosus'' Leidy, 1855 *†'' Myliobatis salentinus'' Botti, 1877 *†'' Myliobatis semperei'' Mendiola, 1999 *†'' Myliobatis sendaicus'' Hatai, Murata & Masuda, 1965 *†'' Myliobatis serratus'' Meyer, 1843 *†'' Myliobatis sinhaleyus'' Deraniyagala, 1937 *†'' Myliobatis stokesii'' Agassiz, 1843 *†'' Myliobatis striatus'' Buckland, 1837 *†'' Myliobatis strobeli'' Issel, 1877 *†'' Myliobatis testae'' Philippi, 1846 *†'' Myliobatis tewarii'' Mishra, 1980 *†'' Myliobatis toliapicus'' Agassiz, 1843 *†'' Myliobatis transversalis'' Gibbes, 1849 *†'' Myliobatis tumidens'' Woodward, 1889 *†'' Myliobatis undulatus'' Chaffee, 1939 *†'' Myliobatis vicomicanus'' Cope, 1867 *†'' Myliobatis wurnoensis'' White, 1934 These eagle rays lived from the
Image:Myliobatis aquila Réunion.jpg, ''M. aquila''
Image:Myliobatis californica pt lobos.jpg, ''M. californica''
Image:Fish4341 - Flickr - NOAA Photo Library.jpg, ''M. freminvillei''
Image:Myliobatis australis seal rocks.jpg, ''M. tenuicaudatus''
Image:TobiEIesa.jpg, ''M. tobijei''
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of eagle ray
The eagle rays are a group of cartilaginous fishes in the family Myliobatidae, consisting mostly of large species living in the open ocean rather than on the sea bottom.
Eagle rays feed on mollusks and crustaceans, crushing their shells with the ...
s in the family
Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...
Myliobatidae.
Description
''Myliobatis'' species can reach a width up to about . Their bodies consist of a rhomboidal disc, wider than long, with one dorsal fin. The head is broad and short, with eyes and spiracles on the sides. The tail is slender, with one or two large spines at the base, without tail fin.Discover life/ref> The teeth are arranged in the lower and upper jaws in flat tooth plates called pavement teeth, each consisting of about seven series of plates, which are used to crush clam shells and crustaceans.
Biology
''Myliobatis'' species areovoviviparous
Ovoviviparity, ovovivipary, ovivipary, or aplacental viviparity is a term used as a "bridging" form of reproduction between egg-laying oviparous and live-bearing viviparous reproduction. Ovoviviparous animals possess embryos that develop insi ...
. Their gestation last about 6 months and a female produces four to seven embryos. ''Myliobatis'' species mainly feed on molluscs, bottom-living crustaceans, and small fishes.
Habitat
''Mylobatis'' species live in warm, shallow waters. Adults prefer sandy shores, while juveniles can usually be encountered offshore.World Register of Marine Species/ref>
Species
Extant species
Currently, 11 species in this genus are recognized:Extinct species
Extinct species within this genus include:Shark References/ref> *†'' Myliobatis acutus'' Agassiz, 1843 *†'' Myliobatis affinis'' Chapman & Cudmore, 1924 *†'' Myliobatis albestii'' Pauca, 1929 *†'' Myliobatis altavillae'' Meschinelli, 1924 *†'' Myliobatis altus'' Davis, 1888 *†'' Myliobatis americanus'' Bravard, 1884 *†'' Myliobatis angustidens'' Sismonda, 1849 *†'' Myliobatis angustus'' Agassiz, 1843 *†'' Myliobatis arcuatus'' Davis, 1888 *†'' Myliobatis bellardii'' Issel, 1877 *†'' Myliobatis bilobatus'' Dartevelle & Casier, 1943 *†'' Myliobatis bisulcus'' Marsh, 1870 *†'' Myliobatis bothriodon'' White, 1926 *†'' Myliobatis canaliculatus'' Agassiz, 1843 *†'' Myliobatis colei'' Agassiz, 1843 *†'' Myliobatis crassidens'' Dartevelle & Casier, 1959 *†'' Myliobatis dimorphus'' Delfortrie, 1871 *†'' Myliobatis dispar'' Leriche, 1913 *†'' Myliobatis dixoni'' Agassiz, 1843 *†'' Myliobatis elatus'' Stromer, 1905 *†'' Myliobatis enormis'' Mendiola, 1999 *†'' Myliobatis erctensis'' Salinas, 1901 *†'' Myliobatis fastigiatus'' Leidy, 1876 *†'' Myliobatis fraasi'' Stromer, 1905 *†'' Myliobatis frangens'' Eastman, 1904 *†'' Myliobatis funiculatus'' Delfortrie, 1871 *†'' Myliobatis gigas'' Cope, 1867 *†'' Myliobatis girondicus'' Pedroni, 1844 *†'' Myliobatis goniopleurus'' Agassiz, 1843 *†'' Myliobatis granulosus'' Issel, 1877 *†'' Myliobatis haueri'' Penecke, 1884 *†'' Myliobatis holmesii'' Gibbes, 1849 *†'' Myliobatis intermedius'' Dartevelle & Casier, 1943 *†'' Myliobatis kummeli'' Fowler, 1911 *†'' Myliobatis lagaillardei'' Thomas, 1904 *†'' Myliobatis lateralis'' Agassiz, 1843 *†'' Myliobatis leidyi'' Hay, 1899 *†'' Myliobatis leognanensis'' Delfortrie, 1871 *†'' Myliobatis lepersonnei'' Dartevelle & Casier, 1959 *†'' Myliobatis llopisi'' Bauzá & Gomez Pallerola, 1982 *†'' Myliobatis magister'' Leidy, 1876 *†'' Myliobatis marginalis'' Agassiz, 1843 *†'' Myliobatis merriami'' Jordan & Beal, 1913 *†'' Myliobatis meyeri'' Weiler, 1922 *†'' Myliobatis micropleurus'' Agassiz, 1843 *†'' Myliobatis microrhizus'' Delfortrie, 1871 *†'' Myliobatis miocenicus'' Böhm, 1942 *†'' Myliobatis mokattamensis'' Stromer, 1905 *†'' Myliobatis monnieri'' Cappetta, 1986 *†'' Myliobatis moorabbinensis'' Chapman & Pritchard, 1907 *†'' Myliobatis mordax'' Leidy, 1876 *†'' Myliobatis moutai'' Dartevelle & Casier, 1959 *†'' Myliobatis nzadinensis'' Dartevelle & Casier, 1943 *†'' Myliobatis oweni'' Agassiz, 1843 *†'' Myliobatis pachyodon'' Cope, 1867 *†'' Myliobatis pachyrhizodus'' Fowler, 1911 *†'' Myliobatis pentoni'' Woodward, 1893 *†'' Myliobatis placentinus'' Carraroli, 1897 *†'' Myliobatis plicatilis'' Davis, 1888 *†'' Myliobatis prenticei'' Chapman & Cudmore, 1924 *†'' Myliobatis raouxi'' Arambourg, 1952 *†'' Myliobatis rima'' Meyer, 1844 *†'' Myliobatis rivierei'' Sauvage, 1878 *†'' Myliobatis rugosus'' Leidy, 1855 *†'' Myliobatis salentinus'' Botti, 1877 *†'' Myliobatis semperei'' Mendiola, 1999 *†'' Myliobatis sendaicus'' Hatai, Murata & Masuda, 1965 *†'' Myliobatis serratus'' Meyer, 1843 *†'' Myliobatis sinhaleyus'' Deraniyagala, 1937 *†'' Myliobatis stokesii'' Agassiz, 1843 *†'' Myliobatis striatus'' Buckland, 1837 *†'' Myliobatis strobeli'' Issel, 1877 *†'' Myliobatis testae'' Philippi, 1846 *†'' Myliobatis tewarii'' Mishra, 1980 *†'' Myliobatis toliapicus'' Agassiz, 1843 *†'' Myliobatis transversalis'' Gibbes, 1849 *†'' Myliobatis tumidens'' Woodward, 1889 *†'' Myliobatis undulatus'' Chaffee, 1939 *†'' Myliobatis vicomicanus'' Cope, 1867 *†'' Myliobatis wurnoensis'' White, 1934 These eagle rays lived from the
Cretaceous
The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest. At around 79 million years, it is the longest geological period of th ...
to the Quaternary
The Quaternary ( ) is the current and most recent of the three periods of the Cenozoic Era in the geologic time scale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). It follows the Neogene Period and spans from 2.58 million years ...
periods (from 70.6 to 0.012 Ma). Fossils of these fishes have been found worldwide.
The extinct
Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and ...
species '' Myliobatis dixoni'' is known from Tertiary
Tertiary ( ) is a widely used but obsolete term for the geologic period from 66 million to 2.6 million years ago.
The period began with the demise of the non-avian dinosaurs in the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, at the start ...
deposits along the Atlantic
The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the " Old World" of Africa, Europe an ...
seaboards of the United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
, Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...
, Nigeria
Nigeria ( ), , ig, Naìjíríyà, yo, Nàìjíríà, pcm, Naijá , ff, Naajeeriya, kcg, Naijeriya officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa. It is situated between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf o ...
, England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe b ...
, and Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
.
Gallery
See also
*List of prehistoric cartilaginous fish
This list of prehistoric cartilaginous fish genera is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been included in the class chondrichthyes ''and'' are known from the fossil record. This list excludes purely vernacula ...
References
Further reading
* * Compagno, L.J.V. (1999): Checklist of living elasmobranchs. A: Hamlett W.C. (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes., The Johns Hopkins University Press: 471-498. * * * Walker, C. & Ward, D. (1993): - Fossielen: Sesam Natuur Handboeken, Bosch & Keuning, Baarn. {{Taxonbar, from=Q965308 Ray genera Taxa named by Georges Cuvier