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Maghrawa
The Maghrawa or Meghrawa ( ar, المغراويون) were a large Zenata Berber tribal confederation whose cradle and seat of power was the territory located on the Chlef in the north-western part of today's Algeria, bounded by the Ouarsenis to the south, the Mediterranean Sea to the north and Tlemcen to the west. They ruled these areas on behalf of the ''Umayyad'' Caliphate of Cordoba at the end of the 10th century and during the first half of the 11th century. Origins The Maghrawa descend from Madghis (Medghassen). The Maghrawa are related to the Banu Ifran and the Irnyan. Several tribes descend from the Maghrawa, including the Bani bou Said, Bani Ilit (Ilent), Bani Zendak, Bani Urac (Urtezmir, Urtesminn), Bani Urcifan, Bani Laghouat, Bani Righa, Bani Sidi Mansour (Bani Mansour), A. Lahsen, etc. ''Maghra'' means "someone who has sold his share" but also "old" in Berber. Its plural form is ''Aimgharen''. The name ''Maghrawa'' is also used in literary Arabic, by writers suc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maghrawa Dynasty
The Maghrawa or Meghrawa ( ar, المغراويون) were a large Zenata Berber tribal confederation whose cradle and seat of power was the territory located on the Chlef in the north-western part of today's Algeria, bounded by the Ouarsenis to the south, the Mediterranean Sea to the north and Tlemcen to the west. They ruled these areas on behalf of the ''Umayyad'' Caliphate of Cordoba at the end of the 10th century and during the first half of the 11th century. Origins The Maghrawa descend from Madghis (Medghassen). The Maghrawa are related to the Banu Ifran and the Irnyan. Several tribes descend from the Maghrawa, including the Bani bou Said, Bani Ilit (Ilent), Bani Zendak, Bani Urac (Urtezmir, Urtesminn), Bani Urcifan, Bani Laghouat, Bani Righa, Bani Sidi Mansour (Bani Mansour), A. Lahsen, etc. ''Maghra'' means "someone who has sold his share" but also "old" in Berber. Its plural form is ''Aimgharen''. The name ''Maghrawa'' is also used in literary Arabic, by writers such a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banu Ifran
The Banu Ifran ( ar, بنو يفرن, ''Banu Yafran'') or Ifranids, were a Zenata Berber tribe prominent in the history of pre-Islamic and early Islamic North Africa. In the 8th century, they established a kingdom in the central Maghreb, with Tlemcen as its capital. Prior to the 8th century, the Banu Ifran resisted or revolted against foreign occupiers—Romans, Vandals, and Byzantines—of their territory in Africa. In the seventh century, they sided with Kahina in her resistance against the Muslim Umayyad invaders. In the eighth century they mobilized around the Sufri dogma, revolting against the Arab Umayyads and Abbasids. In the 10th century they founded a dynasty opposed to the Fatimids, the Zirids, the Umayyads, the Hammadids and the Maghraoua. The Banu Ifran were defeated by the Almoravids and the invading Arabs (the Banu Hilal and the Banu Sulaym) at the end of the 11th century. The Ifranid dynasty was recognized as the only dynasty that defended the indigenous peo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Algeria
) , image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Algiers , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , religion = , official_languages = , languages_type = Other languages , languages = Algerian Arabic (Darja) French , ethnic_groups = , demonym = Algerian , government_type = Unitary semi-presidential republic , leader_title1 = President , leader_name1 = Abdelmadjid Tebboune , leader_title2 = Prime Minister , leader_name2 = Aymen Benabderrahmane , leader_title3 = Council President , leader_name3 = Salah Goudjil , leader_title4 = Assembly President , leader_name4 = Ibrahim Boughali , legislature = Parliament , upper_house = Council of the Nation , lower_house ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zenata
The Zenata (Berber language: Iznaten) are a group of Amazigh (Berber) tribes, historically one of the largest Berber confederations along with the Sanhaja and Masmuda. Their lifestyle was either nomadic or semi-nomadic. Etymology ''Iznaten (ⵉⵣⵏⴰⵜⵏ)'' come from his singular ''Aznat (ⴰⵣⵏⴰⵜ)''. ''Aznat'' is composed by ''Azn'' ''(ⴰⵣⵏ)'' and ''At (ⴰⵜ)''. In Berber language, ''Azn'' means ''Send'' and ''At'' means ''Sons'' in zenati berber. For the word ''Sons'', ''At'' in berber is only used in zenati berber. In the others berber dialects, the word for ''Sons'' is ''Ayt (ⴰⵢⵜ)'' or ''Ag (ⴰⴳ)''. Society The 14th-century historiographer Ibn Khaldun reports that the Zenata were divided into three large tribes: Jarawa, Maghrawa, and Banu Ifran. Formerly occupying a large portion of the Maghreb (Tamazgha), they were displaced to the south and west in conflicts with the more powerful Kutama and Houara. The Zenata adopted Islam early, in the 7t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morocco
Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernmost country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to the east, and the disputed territory of Western Sahara to the south. Mauritania lies to the south of Western Sahara. Morocco also claims the Spanish exclaves of Ceuta, Melilla and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera, and several small Spanish-controlled islands off its coast. It spans an area of or , with a population of roughly 37 million. Its official and predominant religion is Islam, and the official languages are Arabic and Berber; the Moroccan dialect of Arabic and French are also widely spoken. Moroccan identity and culture is a mix of Arab, Berber, and European cultures. Its capital is Rabat, while its largest city is Casablanca. In a region inhabited since the Paleolithic Era over 300,000 years ago, the first Moroccan s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oujda
Oujda ( ar, وجدة; ber, ⵡⵓⵊⴷⴰ, Wujda) is a major Moroccan city in its northeast near the border with Algeria. Oujda is the capital city of the Oriental region of northeastern Morocco and has a population of about 558,000 people. It is located about west of the Moroccan-Algerian border in the south of Beni-Znassen (Aït Iznassen) Mountains and about south of the Mediterranean Sea coast. History There is some evidence of a settlement during the Roman occupation, which seems to have been under the control of Berbers rather than Romans. The city was founded in 994 by Ziri ibn Atiyya, Berber chief of the Zenata Maghrawa tribe. Ziri was, with his tribe, authorised to occupy the region of Fas, but feeling insecure in that region and that town, and wishing to be nearer to the central Maghrib homeland of his tribe, he moved to Ouajda, installed there a garrison and his possessions, appointing one of his relatives as governor. In the mid-11th century, a new quarter w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ténès
Ténès ( ar, تنس; from Berber TNS 'camping') is a town in Algeria located around 200 kilometers west of the capital Algiers. , it has a population of 65,000 people. History Ténès was founded as a Phoenician port in or before the 8th centuryBC. As with other Phoenician harbors, it fell under the hegemony of Carthage around the 6th centuryBC and of the Romans after the Punic Wars. Its Punic name was Latinized as Cartenna or Cartennae, a plural which suggested the existence of a separate Berber settlement nearby. Ptolemy mentions that the local tribes were known as the "Bakoyta". The city rose to colony status under the empire. It was sacked by the Vandals during their conquest of Roman North Africa. Reconquered by the Byzantines and then taken by the Umayyad Caliphate, it disappeared except for a mostly ruined fortification. Medieval Ténès was founded by Spaniards in the 9th century; Al-Bakri dates it to 875 or 876 (262 AH). They established their base from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ziri Ibn Atiyya
Ziri ibn Atiyya (Berber language: Ziri en Ɛaṭiyya Ameɣraw) also known as Ziri ibn Atiyya ibn Abd Allah ibn Tabādalt ibn Muhammad ibn Khazar az-Zanātī al-Maghrāwī al-Khazarī (died 1001) was the tribal leader of the Berber people, Berber Maghrawa tribal confederacy and kingdom in Fez, Morocco, Fez. Under the protection of the Umayyad Caliph in Spain, Hisham II, and his powerful regent Al-Mansur Ibn Abi Aamir, Al-Mansur, Ziri became king of the Zenata tribes in 978-979 and immediately set about conquering as much as he could of what is now known as northern Morocco. In 987-988 he was secure enough to be able to establish his court at Fes. In 989, he was asked by Al-Mansur Ibn Abi Aamir, Al-Mansur to attack Abu al-Bahār, who controlled most of what is now Algeria and Tunisia. Abu al-Bahār had deserted the Fatimid cause to align himself with the Umayyads, but then changed sides again once he had gained control of most of the Maghreb. Ziri attacked with such vigour that Abu a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mostaganem
Mostaganem ( ber, Mustɣanem; ar, مستغانم) is a port city in and capital of Mostaganem province, in the northwest of Algeria. The city, founded in the 11th century lies on the Gulf of Arzew, Mediterranean Sea and is 72 km ENE of Oran. It is considered as the second-largest city in the country's northwest, after Oran, and as Algeria's fourth-largest port city with its 457.986 inhabitants as of the 2018 census.http://www.ons.dz/IMG/armature2008-%20FINAL%281%29.pdf The city was founded in the 11th century as ''Murustage'' but has origins going back to Punic and Roman times. In 1516, it was captured by the Ottoman admiral Barbarossa and became a centre for Mediterranean sea corsairs, as well as a commercial port. By 1700, it had come under Ottoman rule. In 1833, the city was taken by France and a garrison established. Algeria became independent in 1962. History Mostaganem corresponds to the ancient Punic port of Murustaga. After becoming part of the Roman Empire, i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tipaza
Tipaza (formerly ''Tefessedt'', Chenoua-Berber: Bazar, ⴱⴰⵣⴰⵔ, ar, تيپازة) is the capital of the Tipaza Province, Algeria. When it was part of the Roman Empire, it was called ''Tipasa''. The modern town was founded in 1857, and is chiefly remarkable for its ancient ruins and sandy littoral. History Ancient history ''Tipasa'', as the city was then called, was an old Punic trading-post conquered by Ancient Rome. It was subsequently turned into a military colony by the emperor Claudius for the conquest of the kingdoms of Mauretania. Afterwards it became a municipium called ''Colonia Aelia Tipasensis'', that reached the population of 20,000 inhabitants in the fourth century according to Stéphane Gsell. The city served as an important Christian hub during the last centuries of Roman governorship, with three basilicas. Tipasa was destroyed by the Vandals in 430 CE, but was reconstructed by the Byzantines one century later. At the end of the seventh century the cit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dahra Range
The Dahra Range () is a mountain range located in northern Algeria. 'Dahra' is an Arabic word meaning 'back'; in toponymy this term indicates a long plateau of lesser altitude. Geography The Dahra is a low mountain chain part of the greater Tell Atlas which stretches from Algiers in the east along the Mediterranean coast until reaching the mouth of the Chelif near Mostaganem at its western end. Its tallest summit is 1,550 m high Mount Zaccar, north of Miliana, a town built on its slopes. The inhabitants of the area of the range are Berber people , image = File:Berber_flag.svg , caption = The Berber flag, Berber ethnic flag , population = 36 million , region1 = Morocco , pop1 = 14 million to 18 million , region2 = Algeria , p .... The range is partly covered in Mediterranean forest, with scattered patches of cultivation. Daniel Babo, ''Algérie,'' Éditions le Sureau, coll. « Des hommes et des lieux » (), p. 45 T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mazouna
Mazouna is a town and commune in Relizane Province, Algeria ) , image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Algiers , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , relig .... It was once the capital of the Ottomans' western province. It is known for its vintage mosque, Elzawya, which played the role of a well-respected school for teaching the Quran. References Communes of Relizane Province {{Relizane-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
