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Madurella Grisea
''Madurella grisea'' is a fungal species of the genus ''Madurella''. Along with ''Exophiala jeanselmei'', ''Madurella grisea'' is one of the most common pathogenic agents associated with eumycetoma Eumycetoma, also known as Madura foot, is a persistent fungal infection of the skin and the tissues just under the skin, affecting most commonly the feet, although it can occur in hands and other body parts. It starts as a painless wet nodule .... Laboratory characteristics Colonies of ''Madurella grisea'' are slow growing, dark, leathery, and folded with radial grooves and with a light brown to greyish surface mycelium. With age, colonies become dark- to reddish-brown and acquire a brownish-black reverse. Microscopically, cultures are sterile, although hyphae of two widths have been described: thin at 1 to 3 um in width, and broad at 3 to 5 um in width. The optimum temperature of growth for ''M. grisea'' is 30C, it does not grow at 37C. RG-2 organism. Grains of ''Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungi
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascomycota
Ascomycota is a phylum of the kingdom Fungi that, together with the Basidiomycota, forms the subkingdom Dikarya. Its members are commonly known as the sac fungi or ascomycetes. It is the largest phylum of Fungi, with over 64,000 species. The defining feature of this fungal group is the " ascus" (), a microscopic sexual structure in which nonmotile spores, called ascospores, are formed. However, some species of the Ascomycota are asexual, meaning that they do not have a sexual cycle and thus do not form asci or ascospores. Familiar examples of sac fungi include morels, truffles, brewers' and bakers' yeast, dead man's fingers, and cup fungi. The fungal symbionts in the majority of lichens (loosely termed "ascolichens") such as ''Cladonia'' belong to the Ascomycota. Ascomycota is a monophyletic group (it contains all descendants of one common ancestor). Previously placed in the Deuteromycota along with asexual species from other fungal taxa, asexual (or anamorphic) ascomyce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sordariomycetes
Sordariomycetes is a class of fungi in the subdivision Pezizomycotina (Ascomycota), consisting of 28 orders, 90 families, 1344 genera. Sordariomycetes is from the Latin sordes (filth) because some species grow in animal feces, though growth habits vary widely across the class. Sordariomycetes generally produce their asci in perithecial fruiting bodies. Sordariomycetes are also known as Pyrenomycetes, from the Greek πυρἠν - 'the stone of a fruit' - because of the usually somewhat tough texture of their tissue. Sordariomycetes possess great variability in morphology, growth form, and habitat. Most have perithecial (flask-shaped) fruiting bodies, but ascomata can be less frequently cleistothecial (like in the genera '' Anixiella'', ''Apodus'', '' Boothiella'', ''Thielavia'', '' Zopfiella''),. Fruiting bodies may be solitary or gregarious, superficial, or immersed within stromata or tissues of the substrates and can be light to bright or black. Members of this group can grow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sordariales
The order Sordariales is one of the most diverse taxonomic groups within the Sordariomycetes (subdivision Pezizomycotina, division Ascomycota). Species in the order Sordariales have a broad range of ecological diversity, containing lignicolous, herbicolous and coprophilous taxa. Most Sordariales are saprobic, producing solitary perithecial ascomata. They are commonly found on dung or decaying plant matter. The order contains a number of ecologically important species, including the model filamentous fungal genera Podospora and Neurospora, as well as potentially industrial-relevant fungi, such as members of the Chaetomiaceae family, which often produce biologically active secondary metabolites. The order Sordariales furthermore contains the highest diversity of thermophilic fungal species, with isolates present in seven different genera. Families in the order Sordariales Recent phylogenetic studies have aimed to contribute to the natural classification of this order. The most ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Incertae Sedis
' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty at specific taxonomic levels is indicated by ' (of uncertain family), ' (of uncertain suborder), ' (of uncertain order) and similar terms. Examples *The fossil plant '' Paradinandra suecica'' could not be assigned to any family, but was placed ''incertae sedis'' within the order Ericales when described in 2001. * The fossil ''Gluteus minimus'', described in 1975, could not be assigned to any known animal phylum. The genus is therefore ''incertae sedis'' within the kingdom Animalia. * While it was unclear to which order the New World vultures (family Cathartidae) should be assigned, they were placed in Aves ''incertae sedis''. It was later agreed to place them in a separate order, Cathartiformes. * Bocage's longbill, ''Motacilla bocagii' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madurella
''Madurella'' is a fungal genus of Hyphomycetes, of uncertain position in the Sordariales, and sometimes classified as Mitosporic Ascomycota. It includes: * '' Madurella grisea'' * ''Madurella mycetomatis'' ''Madurella mycetomatis'' is a main cause of black-grain mycetoma, sometimes called maduromycosis, an infection of human extremities and rarely the nervous system, in arid regions of east Africa and Asia. The origin is soil and its dark agar colonies are often sterile, although sclerotia are often produced, and short chains of 1-celled conidia sometimes occur. A molecular assay distinguishes the four species based on rolling circle amplification of the internal transcribed spacer Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) is the spacer DNA situated between the small-subunit ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and large-subunit rRNA genes in the chromosome or the corresponding transcribed region in the polycistronic rRNA precursor transcript. I ... of the ribosomal DNA (ITS). References Ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Exophiala Jeanselmei
''Exophiala jeanselmei'' is a saprotrophic fungus in the family Herpotrichiellaceae. Four varieties have been discovered: ''Exophiala jeanselmei'' var. ''heteromorpha'', ''E. jeanselmei'' var. ''lecanii-corni'', ''E. jeanselmei'' var. ''jeanselmei'', and ''E. jeanselmei var. castellanii''. Other species in the genus ''Exophiala'' such as '' E. dermatitidis'' and '' E. spinifera'' have been reported to have similar annellidic conidiogenesis and may therefore be difficult to differentiate. History ''Exophiala jeanselmei'' was first isolated in 1928 by Jeanselme from a case of black mycetoma on the foot. The nomenclature was based on the fungus' morphological characteristics, hence, it was originally classified as ''Torula jeanselmei'' because of its yeast like shape when grown in culture. It was later reclassified by McGinnis and Padhye in 1977 as ''Exophiala jeanselmei'' after further research on conidiogenesis. Morphology In culture, ''E. jeanselmei'' p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eumycetoma
Eumycetoma, also known as Madura foot, is a persistent fungal infection of the skin and the tissues just under the skin, affecting most commonly the feet, although it can occur in hands and other body parts. It starts as a painless wet nodule, which may be present for years before ulceration, swelling, grainy discharge and weeping from sinuses and fistulae, followed by bone deformity. Several fungi can cause eumycetoma, including: ''Madurella mycetomatis'', ''Madurella grisea'', '' Leptosphaeria senegalensis'', ''Curvularia lunata'', ''Scedosporium apiospermum'', '' Neotestudina rosatii'', and ''Acremonium'' and ''Fusarium'' species. Diagnosis is by biopsy, visualising the fungi under the microscope and culture. Medical imaging may reveal extent of bone involvement. Other tests include ELISA, immunodiffusion, and DNA Barcoding. Treatment includes surgical removal of affected tissue and antifungal medicines. After treatment, recurrence is common. Sometimes, amputation is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microcolony
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