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Madang Language
The Madang or Madang–Adelbert Range languages are a language family of Papua New Guinea. They were classified as a branch of Trans–New Guinea by Stephen Wurm, followed by Malcolm Ross. William A. Foley concurs that it is "highly likely" that the Madang languages are part of TNG, although the pronouns, the usual basis for classification in TNG, have been "replaced" in Madang. Timothy Usher finds that Madang is closest to the Upper Yuat River languages and other families to its west, but does not for now address whether this larger group forms part of the TNG family. The family is named after Madang Province and the Adelbert Range. History Sidney Herbert Ray identified the Rai Coast family in 1919. In 1951 these were linked with the Mabuso languages by Arthur Capell to create his Madang family. John Z'graggen (1971, 1975) expanded Madang to languages of the Adelbert Range and renamed the family Madang–Adelbert Range, and Stephen Wurm (1975) adopted this as a branch o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea ( tpi, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini; ho, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini), is a country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and its offshore islands in Melanesia (a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean north of Australia). Its capital, located along its southeastern coast, is Port Moresby. The country is the world's third largest island country, with an area of . At the national level, after being ruled by three external powers since 1884, including nearly 60 years of Australian administration starting during World War I, Papua New Guinea established its sovereignty in 1975. It became an independent Commonwealth realm in 1975 with Elizabeth II as its queen. It also became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations in its own right. There are 839 known languages of Papua New Guinea, one of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brahman Languages
The Brahman languages, Biyom and Tauya, form a subbranch of the Rai Coast branch of the Madang languages of Papua New Guinea. The family is named after the cattle station and town of Brahman, which lies between the territories of the two languages. Genetic relations John Z'graggen (1971, 1975) classified four languages as Brahman, Biyom, Faita, Isabi, Tauya. , in the 15th edition of ''Ethnologue'' Ross (2005) broke up Brahman, placing Faita among the (another sub-branch of Madang) and Isabi among the unrelated Goroka languages
Goroka ...
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Proto-Trans–New Guinea Language
Proto-Trans–New Guinea is the reconstructed proto-language ancestral to the Trans–New Guinea languages. Reconstructions have been proposed by Malcolm Ross and Andrew Pawley. Phonology Proto-Trans–New Guinea is reconstructed with a typical simple Papuan inventory: five vowels, , three phonations of stops at three places, (Andrew Pawley reconstructs the voiced series as prenasalized ), plus a palatal affricate , the fricative , and the approximants . Syllables are typically (C)V, with CVC possible at the ends of words. Many of the languages have restricted tone systems. : The Proto-Trans–New Guinea vowels are reconstructed as having a cross-linguistically frequent five-vowel system: : Pronouns Ross reconstructs the following pronominal paradigm for Trans–New Guinea, with ''*a~*i'' ablaut for singular~non-singular: : There is a related but less commonly attested form for 'we', ''*nu'', as well as a ''*ja'' for 'you', which Ross speculates may have been a polite for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sirva Language
Sirva, or Sileibi, is a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea ( tpi, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini; ho, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini), is a country i .... Phonology Vowels References Sogeram languages Languages of Madang Province {{Madang-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dumpu Language
Watiwa is a Rai Coast language of Papua New Guinea. It is spoken by some 500 people living in six villages in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea, including Bebei () and Dumpu () villages of Usino Rural LLG. It is more commonly known as Dumpu, but this is the name of one of the six villages, and is not accepted as a name for the language. Surviving mostly as a secret language with which to talk amongst themselves when outsiders are present, the majority of the speakers use Tok Pisin Tok Pisin (,Laurie Bauer, 2007, ''The Linguistics Student’s Handbook'', Edinburgh ; Tok Pisin ), often referred to by English speakers as "New Guinea Pidgin" or simply Pidgin, is a creole language spoken throughout Papua New Guinea. It is an ... in daily life. Due to its increasingly rare use, it is estimated that this language will be extinct in a few decades. References Rai Coast languages Languages of Madang Province Endangered Papuan languages {{Madang-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pay Language
Mala, or Pay, is a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea ( tpi, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini; ho, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini), is a country i .... References Kaukombaran languages Languages of Papua New Guinea {{Madang-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Garuh Language
Nobonob (Nobanob, Nobnob), also known as Butelkud-Guntabak or Garuh (cf. closely related Garus), is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. The language is expanding slightly. Ari (Ati, A’i) is a dialect. Phonology Vowels (orthographic) Consonants (orthographic) External links * Materials on Nobonob are included in the open access collectionAC1anCVL1held by Paradisec The Pacific and Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC) is a cross-institutional project that supports work on endangered languages and cultures of the Pacific and the region around Australia. They digitise reel-to .... References Hanseman languages Languages of Madang Province {{Madang-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metathesis (linguistics)
Metathesis (; from Greek , from "I put in a different order"; Latin: ''transpositio'') is the transposition of sounds or syllables in a word or of words in a sentence. Most commonly, it refers to the interchange of two or more contiguous segments or syllables, known as adjacent metathesis or local metathesis: * ''foliage'' > ''**foilage'' (adjacent segments) * ''anemone'' > ''**anenome'' (adjacent syllables) * ''cavalry'' > ''**calvary'' (codas of adjacent syllables) Metathesis may also involve interchanging non-contiguous sounds, known as nonadjacent metathesis, long-distance metathesis, or hyperthesis, as shown in these examples of metathesis sound change from Latin to Spanish: * Latin > Spanish "word" * Latin > Spanish "miracle" * Latin > Spanish "danger, peril" * Latin > Spanish "crocodile" Many languages have words that show this phenomenon, and some even use it as a regular part of their grammar, such as Hebrew and Fur. The process of metathesis has altered the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalam Language
Kalam is a Kalam language of Papua New Guinea. It is closely related to Kobon, and shares many of the features of that language. Kalam is spoken in Middle Ramu District of Madang Province and in Mount Hagen District of Western Highlands Province. Thanks to decades of studies by anthropologists such as Ralph Bulmer and others, Kalam is one of the best-studied Trans-New Guinea languages to date. Dialects There are two distinct dialects of Kalam that are highly distinguishable from each other. *Etp, with 20,000 speakers, is centered in the Upper Kaironk and Upper Simbai Valleys. *Ti, with 5,000 speakers is centered in the Asai Valley. It includes the Tai variety. Kobon is closely related. Kalam has an elaborate pandanus avoidance register used during karuka harvest that has been extensively documented. The Kalam pandanus language, called () or (), is also used when eating or cooking cassowary. Phonology Consonants Vowels Evolution Below are some Kalam reflexes of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yaganon Languages
The Yaganon languages are a small family of closely related languages in New Guinea. They were linked with the Rai Coast languages in 1951 by Arthur Capell in his Madang family, but separated out again by Timothy Usher. The family is named after the Yaganon River. Languages Along with Wasembo, the Yaganon languages form the East branch of the Madang language The Madang or Madang–Adelbert Range languages are a language family of Papua New Guinea. They were classified as a branch of Trans–New Guinea by Stephen Wurm, followed by Malcolm Ross. William A. Foley concurs that it is "highly likely" ... family. *East Madang ** Wasembo ** Yaganon River: Ganglau, Saep, Yabong Dumun is apparently also Yaganon, and the extinct Bai-Maclay may have been related to Dumun. References {{Madang languages Languages of Papua New Guinea East Madang languages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wasembo Language
Wasembo, also known as ''Biapim'', ''Gusap'', and ''Yankowan'', is a Madang language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea ( tpi, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini; ho, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini), is a country i .... Usher classifies it as being closest to the Yaganon languages. References External linksRosetta Project: Wasembo Swadesh list East Madang languages Languages of Madang Province {{Madang-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |