|
MB21D1
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CGAS gene. It's an enzyme, a nucleotidyltransferase, a cyclic GMP-AMP synthase Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS, Cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate, cGAMP synthase), belonging to the nucleotidyltransferase family, is a The cGAS – STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway, cytosolic DNA sensor that activates a .... References Further reading External links PDBe-KBprovides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Human Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (MB21D1) {{gene-6-stub Human proteins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS, Cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate, cGAMP synthase), belonging to the nucleotidyltransferase family, is a The cGAS – STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway, cytosolic DNA sensor that activates a Interferon type I, type-I interferon response. It is part of the CGAS–STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway, cGAS-STING DNA sensing pathway. It binds to microbial DNA as well as self DNA that invades the cytoplasm, and catalyzes Cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate, cGAMP synthesis. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate, cGAMP then functions as a second messenger that binds to and activates the endoplasmic reticulum protein Stimulator of interferon genes, STING to trigger Interferon type I, type-I IFNs production. Mice lacking cGAS are more vulnerable to lethal infection by DNA viruses and RNA viruses. In addition, cGAS has been shown to be an innate immune sensor of retroviruses including HIV. The hu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific 3D structure that determines its activity. A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. A protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than 20–30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called peptides. The individual amino acid residues are bonded together by peptide bonds and adjacent amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acid residue ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity and the molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protein-coding genes and noncoding genes. During gene expression, the DNA is first copied into RNA. The RNA can be directly functional or be the intermediate template for a protein that performs a function. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. These genes make up different DNA sequences called genotypes. Genotypes along with environmental and developmental factors determine what the phenotypes will be. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as gen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enzyme
Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products. Almost all metabolic processes in the cell need enzyme catalysis in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. Metabolic pathways depend upon enzymes to catalyze individual steps. The study of enzymes is called ''enzymology'' and the field of pseudoenzyme analysis recognizes that during evolution, some enzymes have lost the ability to carry out biological catalysis, which is often reflected in their amino acid sequences and unusual 'pseudocatalytic' properties. Enzymes are known to catalyze more than 5,000 biochemical reaction types. Other biocatalysts are catalytic RNA molecules, called ribozymes. Enzymes' specificity comes from their unique three-dimensional structures. Like all catalysts, enzymes increase the reaction ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nucleotidyltransferase
Nucleotidyltransferases are transferase enzymes of phosphorus-containing groups, e.g., substituents of nucleotidylic acids or simply nucleoside monophosphates. The general reaction of transferring a nucleoside monophosphate moiety from A to B, can be written as: :A-P-N + B \rightleftharpoons A + B-P-N For example, in the case of polymerases, A is pyrophosphate and B is the nascent polynucleotide. They are classified under EC number 2.7.7 and they can be categorised into: #Uridylyltransferases, which transfer uridylyl- groups # Adenylyltransferases, which transfer adenylyl- groups #Guanylyltransferases, which transfer guanylyl- groups # Cytitidylyltransferases, which transfer cytidylyl- groups # Thymidylyltransferases, which transfer thymidylyl- groups Role in metabolism Many metabolic enzymes are modified by nucleotidyltransferases. The attachment of an AMP (adenylylation) or UMP (uridylylation) can activate or inactivate an enzyme or change its specificity (see figure). Thes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
