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Lê Chiêu Thống
Lê Chiêu Thống (1765–1793), born Lê Duy Khiêm and later Lê Duy Kỳ, was the last emperor of the Vietnamese Later Lê dynasty. He was overthrown by the Tây Sơn dynasty. He appealed to the Qing dynasty of China to help regain the throne but failed after losing the Battle of Ngọc Hồi-Đống Đa. Afterwards, he no longer received support from the Qing Qianlong Emperor, relatives of the Later Lê imperial family were imprisoned in Vietnam, and he died in China. Furthermore, the Qianlong emperor banished the remaining members of the Lê family to border regions of the Qing dynasty such as Xinjiang and Heilongjiang. Early life Lê Duy Khiêm was the eldest son of Lê Duy Vĩ who was the first crown prince of emperor Lê Hiển Tông.Dang Viet Thuy & Dang Thanh Trung, p. 248. After Khiêm's father was killed by the ninth Trịnh lord Trịnh Sâm in 1771, he was jailed. In 1783, lord Trịnh Khải deposed crown prince Lê Duy Cận and made Lê Duy Khiêm crown prince ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Vietnamese Monarchs
This article lists the monarchs of Vietnam. Under the emperor at home, king abroad system used by later dynasties, Vietnamese monarchs would use the title of ''emperor'' (皇帝, Hoàng đế; or other equivalents) domestically, and the more common term ''king'' (王, vương), ''sovereign'' (𪼀, vua), or ''his Majesty'' (陛下, Bệ hạ). Overview Some Vietnamese monarchs declared themselves kings (''vương'') or emperors (''hoàng đế''). Imperial titles were used for both domestic and foreign affairs, except for diplomatic missions to China where Vietnamese monarchs were regarded as kingship or prince. Many of the Later Lê monarchs were figurehead rulers, with the real powers resting on feudal lords and princes who were technically their servants. Most Vietnamese monarchs are known through their posthumous names or temple names, while the Nguyễn dynasty, the last reigning house is known through their era names. Titles Vietnamese titles Vietnamese monarchs used and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trịnh Sâm
Trịnh Sâm (, 9 February 1739 – 13 September 1782) ruled northern Vietnam from 1767 to 1782 AD. He ruled with the title "Tĩnh Đô Vương" () and was one of the last of the powerful Trịnh lords. Trịnh Sâm defeated the ancient enemy of the northern state, the Nguyễn lords in the south. The Trịnh line was separate from the royal Lê dynasty, and the officially recognized emperor was Lê Hiển Tông (1740–1786), who continued to occupy the royal throne in Thăng Long (modern-day Hanoi), but without real power. Early reign Trịnh Sam was given rule over northern Vietnam by his father Trịnh Doanh in 1767. Five years after he took power, the Tây Sơn rebellion started in the south. During his lifetime, the Tây Sơn rebels focused all their efforts against the Nguyễn lords, specifically against Nguyễn Phuc Thuan who had gained the throne as a young boy. As the Tây Sơn rebellion gained strength, the Trịnh saw the Nguyễn weakening month by month. Trị ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Green Standard Army
The Green Standard Army (; Manchu: ''niowanggiyan turun i kūwaran'') was the name of a category of military units under the control of Qing dynasty in China. It was made up mostly of ethnic Han soldiers and operated concurrently with the Manchu-Mongol- Han Eight Banner armies. In areas with a high concentration of Hui people, Muslims served as soldiers in the Green Standard Army. After the Qing consolidated control over China, the Green Standard Army was primarily used as a police force. History Origins The original Green Standard troops were the soldiers of the Ming commanders who surrendered to the Qing in 1644 and after. Their troops enlisted voluntarily and for long terms of service; they usually came from the socially disadvantaged, and remained segregated from Chinese society, partly because of the latter's deep anti-military bias during the late Ming period, and partly because they were paid too poorly and irregularly to marry and support a family. The Qing relied ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Han Eight Banners
Han Chinese Eight Banners (, Manchu: ) were one of the three divisions in the Eight Banners of the Qing dynasty. Members of the Han Chinese Eight Banners were originally Han Chinese living in the Liaodong (modern Liaoning) of Ming dynasty. During the transition from Ming to Qing, these people were conquered by the Jurchen Jurchen may refer to: * Jurchen people, Tungusic people who inhabited the region of Manchuria until the 17th century ** Haixi Jurchens, a grouping of the Jurchens as identified by the Chinese of the Ming Dynasty ** Jianzhou Jurchens, a grouping of ...-led Later Jin dynasty. In 1631, Hong Taiji created the Han Chinese Eight Banners. Over time, other Han Chinese people who had surrendered to Qing dynasty joined the Han Chinese Eight Banners. The Han Chinese Eight Banners played an important role in Qing conquest of Ming. After that Qing dynasty started governing the whole China. After this period being admitted into the Han Chinese Eight Banners () became an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tết
Tết (), short for Tết Nguyên Đán ( Chữ Hán: 節元旦), Spring Festival, Lunar New Year, or Vietnamese Lunar New Year is one of the most important celebrations in Vietnamese culture. The colloquial term "Tết" is a shortened form of , with Old Vietnamese origins meaning "Festival of the First Morning of the First Day". Tết celebrates the arrival of spring based on the Vietnamese calendar, which usually has the date on January or February in the Gregorian calendar. ''Tết Nguyên Đán'' (Spring Festival or Lunar New Year) is not to be confused with ''Tết Trung Thu'' (Mid-Autumn Festival), which is also known as ''Children's Festival'' in Vietnam. ''Tết'' itself only means festival, but is often nominally known as "Lunar New Year Festival" in Vietnamese, as it is often seen as the most important festival amongst the Vietnamese diaspora, with ''Children's Festival'' (Tết Trung Thu) often regarded as the second-most important. Vietnamese people celebrate Tế ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sun Shiyi
Sun Shiyi (, Vietnamese: Tôn Sĩ Nghị; 1720 – 1796), courtesy name Zhizhi (), pseudonym Bushan (), was an official of the Qing dynasty who served as the Viceroy of Liangguang and of Liangjiang during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor. A native of Renhe (present-day Yuhang District, Zhejiang), as a youth, Sun was devoted to study and was said to have prevented drowsiness by knocking his head against a wall. Awarded a ''jinshi'' degree in the imperial examination in 1761, he was secretary to Fuheng during his Burmese expedition, and in 1770 had risen to be Treasurer of Guangxi, when he was cashiered for want of energy, and orders were given to confiscate his property. Struck with the fact that nothing was found to confiscate, the Qianlong Emperor re-employed him. In 1788, as Viceroy of Liangguang, he invaded Annam and reinstalled the emperor Lê Chiêu Thống, who had fled in fear of the rebel Nguyễn Huệ. His forces were beaten by the Tây Sơn armies, and it was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thăng Long
Hanoi or Ha Noi ( or ; vi, Hà Nội ) is the capital and second-largest city of Vietnam. It covers an area of . It consists of 12 urban districts, one district-leveled town and 17 rural districts. Located within the Red River Delta, Hanoi is the cultural and political centre of Vietnam. Hanoi can trace its history back to the third century BCE, when a portion of the modern-day city served as the capital of the historic Vietnamese nation of Âu Lạc. Following the collapse of Âu Lạc, the city was part of Han China. In 1010, Vietnamese emperor Lý Thái Tổ established the capital of the imperial Vietnamese nation Đại Việt in modern-day central Hanoi, naming the city Thăng Long (literally 'Ascending Dragon'). Thăng Long remained Đại Việt's political centre until 1802, when the Nguyễn dynasty, the last imperial Vietnamese dynasty, moved the capital to Huế. The city was renamed Hanoi in 1831, and served as the capital of French Indochina from 1902 to 194 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vũ Văn Nhậm
Vũ Văn Nhậm (武文任, ?–1788) was a general of Tây Sơn dynasty. At first Nhậm was a low-ranking officer of Nguyễn lord. Later, he committed a crime and had to join Tây Sơn army. Nguyễn Nhạc appreciated his bravery, and married a daughter to him. In 1788, Nhậm was sent north to arrest Nguyễn Hữu Chỉnh by Nguyễn Huệ. Ngô Văn Sở and Phan Văn Lân followed the army to assist him. Actually, Sở and Lân were sent to watch him. Chỉnh was swiftly defeated and fled together with Lê Chiêu Thống. Later, Chỉnh was captured and executed, but Nhậm could not find Lê Chiêu Thống. In order to gain popularity among Northern Vietnamese, Nhậm install Lê Duy Cận as "Prince Regent" (監國 ''giám quốc''), but very few people support them. Every day he walked to Nhậm's camp to discuss national affairs, and Nhậm did not know how to deal with the relationship between them. Sở and Lân regarded it as treason, and reported Nhậm's acti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nguyễn Hữu Chỉnh
Nguyễn Hữu Chỉnh ( vi-hantu, 阮有整, 1741–1788) was an official during the Revival Lê dynasty in Vietnam. Chỉnh was a disciple of Hoàng Ngũ Phúc. He had been sent to Tây Sơn as a diplomat. Nguyễn Nhạc admired him for his eloquence. Later, Chỉnh became Hoàng Đình Bảo's right hand. In 1782, Bảo was killed by Trịnh Khải, and Chỉnh fled to Tây Sơn. In 1786, he encouraged Nguyễn Huệ to march north. Trịnh lord was overthrown by Huệ. Lê Hiển Tông, the emperor of Lê dynasty, met Huệ in the palace. Chỉnh suggest that Huệ should recognized the dominance of Lê dynasty in northern Vietnam (Đàng Ngoài), and married with Princess Lê Ngọc Hân. It was accepted by Huệ, and Tây Sơn retreated from northern Vietnam. But Huệ regarded Chỉnh as a traitor to Trịnh lord, and left him in northern Vietnam.''Việt Nam sử lược'', Quyển 2, Chương 9 Chỉnh had to stay in his birthland, Nghệ An Province.'' Đạ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trịnh Lệ
Trịnh is a Vietnamese family name, which is also common in some countries such as Korea (Jung, Jeong). A considerable portion of families that bear the surname Trinh are ethnically Vietnamese. Notable people *Trịnh Như Khuê, First Cardinal of the Catholic Church of Vietnam, Archbishop of Archdiocese of Hanoi *Trịnh Văn Căn, Second Cardinal of Catholic Church of Vietnam, Archbishop of Archdiocese of Hanoi * Eugene Huu Chau Trinh, the first Vietnamese-American astronaut *Trinh Xuan Thuan, Big Bang theorist/scientist *Trịnh Công Sơn, Vietnamese musician * Trinh T. Minh-ha, filmmaker *Trịnh lords, family who ruled Northern Vietnam for more than 100 years * François Trinh-Duc, French rugby union player of Vietnamese descent *Trang Trịnh, Vietnamese pianist See also *Chung (Korean surname) *Zheng (surname) Zheng or zhèng ( Hanyu Pinyin) or Cheng ( Wade-Giles) () is a Chinese surname and also the name of an ancient state in today's Henan province. It is writt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phú Xuân
Phú Xuân (富春) was the historic capital of the Nguyễn lords, the Tây Sơn dynasty, and later became the Nguyễn dynasty's capital (renamed Huế). History In 1306, the King of Champa Chế Mân offered Vietnam two Chăm prefectures, Ô and Lý, in exchange for marriage with a Vietnamese princess named Huyền Trân.Chapius, p.85. The Vietnamese emperor Trần Anh Tông accepted this offer. He took and renamed Ô and Lý prefectures to Thuận prefecture and Hóa prefecture, respectively, with both of them often referred to as ''Thuận Hóa'' region. In 1592, the Mạc dynasty was forced to flee to Cao Bằng and the Lê emperors were enthroned as ''de jure'' Vietnamese rulers under the leadership of Nguyễn Kim, the leader of Lê Dynasty loyalists. Later, Kim was poisoned by a Mạc Dynasty general which paved the way for his son-in-law, Trịnh Kiểm, to take over the leadership. Kim's eldest son, Nguyễn Uông, was also assassinated in order to secure Trịnh Ki� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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