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Lubawka
Lubawka (german: Liebau) is a town in Poland, in Lower Silesia Voivodship, in Kamienna Góra County. It is the administrative seat of Gmina Lubawka. It lies in the Sudetes near to the border with the Czech Republic on the way across the Lubawka pass (516m) between the Karkonosze and Krucze Mountains ( cz, Vraní hory). Two small rivers, the Bóbr and Czarnuszka, run through the town, which has 6,028 inhabitants (2019). History In the 13th century a Polish defensive stronghold on the border with the Czech Kingdom was located in present-day Lubawka. The first written reference to Lubawka is from 1284 when it was written down as ''Lubavia'',. The name is of Polish origin, and it comes from the word ''lubić'', which means "to like", or from the word ''łub'', which means " bark". In 1292 Duke Bolko I the Strict granted Lubawka, which at that time already enjoyed town rights, to the Cistercian monastery in Krzeszów, to which it belonged until 1810. The town remained part o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lubawka Pass
Lubawka (german: Liebau) is a town in Poland, in Lower Silesia Voivodship, in Kamienna Góra County. It is the administrative seat of Gmina Lubawka. It lies in the Sudetes near to the border with the Czech Republic on the way across the Lubawka pass (516m) between the Karkonosze and Krucze Mountains ( cz, Vraní hory). Two small rivers, the Bóbr and Czarnuszka, run through the town, which has 6,028 inhabitants (2019). History In the 13th century a Polish defensive stronghold on the border with the Czech Kingdom was located in present-day Lubawka. The first written reference to Lubawka is from 1284 when it was written down as ''Lubavia'',. The name is of Polish origin, and it comes from the word ''lubić'', which means "to like", or from the word ''łub'', which means "bark". In 1292 Duke Bolko I the Strict granted Lubawka, which at that time already enjoyed town rights, to the Cistercian monastery in Krzeszów, to which it belonged until 1810. The town remained part of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gmina Lubawka
__NOTOC__ Gmina Lubawka is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Kamienna Góra County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Lubawka, which lies approximately south of Kamienna Góra, and south-west of the regional capital Wrocław. The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2019 its total population is 10,901. Neighbouring gminas Gmina Lubawka is bordered by the town of Kowary and the gminas of Kamienna Góra and Mieroszów. It also borders the Czech Republic. Villages The gmina contains the villages of Błażejów, Błażkowa, Bukówka, Chełmsko Śląskie, Jarkowice, Miszkowice, Niedamirów, Okrzeszyn, Opawa, Paczyn, Paprotki, Stara Białka, Szczepanów and Uniemyśl. Twin towns – sister cities Gmina Lubawka is twinned with: * Adršpach, Czech Republic * Žacléř, Czech Republic References {{Kamienna Góra County Lubawka Lubawka (german: Liebau) is a town in Poland, in Lower Silesia Voivodship, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chełmsko Śląskie
Chełmsko Śląskie (german: Schömberg) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lubawka, within Kamienna Góra County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, near the border with the Czech Republic. It lies approximately south-east of Lubawka, south of Kamienna Góra, and south-west of the regional capital Wrocław. The village has a population of 1,900. It is a former town. It was first mentioned in 1207 and was granted town rights as late as 1289, when it was part of medieval Poland. It remained a town until 1945. During World War II the Germans established and operated a branch of the Gross-Rosen concentration camp in the town. Chełmsko Śląskie contains numerous historic buildings and structures, the oldest dating back to the Middle Ages. Kościół par. p.w. Świętej Rodziny, 1680-1690 w Chełmsku Śląskim.jpg, Baroque Holy Family church Chełmsko Śląskie, Rynek DSC 0075.JPG, Market Square (''Rynek'') with historic townhouses Che ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kamienna Góra County
__NOTOC__ Kamienna Góra County ( pl, powiat kamiennogórski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. The county covers an area of . Its administrative seat is the town of Kamienna Góra; the only other town in the county is Lubawka. As of 2019 the total population of the county is 43,429, out of which the population of Kamienna Góra is 19,010, the population of Lubawka is 6,028 and the rural population is 18,391. Neighbouring counties Kamienna Góra County is bordered by Jelenia Góra County to the west, Jawor County to the north and Wałbrzych County to the east. It also borders the Czech Republic The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krucze Mountains
The Krucze Mountains ( cs, Vraní hory, German: ''Rabengebirge'' pl, Góry Krucze) are the Eastern part of the Stone Mountains, which belong to the Central Sudetes on the border of the Czech Republic and Poland. To the West and North-Western part the mountain range borders the Lubawska Plateau and the Karkonosze Mountains, to the North-Eastern part they border the mountain range Czarny Las, from the East they border the sediment basin Kotlina Krzeszowska and the Zawory mountain range and to the South the mountain range borders the Czech Republic, Czech part of the Stołowe Mountains. To the Southern ridge of mountain range is the Poland, Polish-Czech Republic, Czech border. The border crossing for cars is in Lubawka and for tourists is in Okrzeszyn, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Okrzeszyn. Specification The mountain range stretches North to South, which is irregular for the Sudetes Mountains, this is due to their geological build. To the very North of the mountain range is Kościel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Lower Silesian Voivodeship, or Lower Silesia Province, in southwestern Poland, is one of the 16 voivodeships (provinces) into which Poland is divided. The voivodeship was created on 1 January 1999 out of the former Wrocław, Legnica, Wałbrzych and Jelenia Góra Voivodeships, following the Polish local government reforms adopted in 1998. It covers an area of , and has a total population of 2,899,986. It is one of the richest provinces in Poland as it has valuable natural resources such as copper, silver, gold, brown coal and rock materials (inter alia granite, basalt, gabbro, diabase, amphibolite, porphyry, gneiss, serpentinite, sandstone, greywacke, limestone, dolomite, bentonite, kaolinite, clay, aggregate), which are exploited by the biggest enterprises. Its well developed and varied industries attract both domestic and foreign investors. Its capital and largest city is Wrocław, situated on the Oder River. It is one of Poland's largest and most dynamic cities with a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lower Silesia Voivodship
Lower Silesian Voivodeship, or Lower Silesia Province, in southwestern Poland, is one of the 16 voivodeships (provinces) into which Poland is divided. The voivodeship was created on 1 January 1999 out of the former Wrocław, Legnica, Wałbrzych and Jelenia Góra Voivodeships, following the Polish local government reforms adopted in 1998. It covers an area of , and has a total population of 2,899,986. It is one of the richest provinces in Poland as it has valuable natural resources such as copper, silver, gold, brown coal and rock materials (inter alia granite, basalt, gabbro, diabase, amphibolite, porphyry, gneiss, serpentinite, sandstone, greywacke, limestone, dolomite, bentonite, kaolinite, clay, aggregate), which are exploited by the biggest enterprises. Its well developed and varied industries attract both domestic and foreign investors. Its capital and largest city is Wrocław, situated on the Oder River. It is one of Poland's largest and most dynamic cities with a rap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krzeszów, Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Krzeszów (pronounced (german: Grüssau) is a village in south-western Poland. It is part of the administrative district of Kamienna Góra County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship (formerly in Jelenia Góra Voivodeship). Krzeszów boasts the former Grüssau Abbey, one of the most valuable relics of Baroque architecture in Europe. The village is located in the Zadrna valley of the Central Sudetes, within the historic Lower Silesia region. It lies approximately south of Kamienna Góra, and south-west of the regional capital Wrocław. It has a population of 1,400. History The Order of Saint Benedict, Benedictine abbey of ''Grissobor'' was established on 8 May 1242 by Anne of Bohemia (1204–1265), Anne of Bohemia, widow of Duke Henry II the Pious of Duchy of Silesia, Silesia. It was located on the rim of the Silesian Przesieka, probably at neighbouring Krzeszówek. At first a filial of the Bohemian Opatovice nad Labem, Opatovice monastery, the estates were acquired by the Silesian duk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bóbr
Bóbr ( cs, Bobr, german: Bober, ) is a river which carries water through the north of the Czech Republic and the southwest of Poland, a left tributary of the Oder. Course The Bóbr has a length of (3 in Czech Republic, 276 in Poland, 10th longest Polish river) and a basin area of (44 in Czech Republic and 5,830 in Poland). , p. 85-86 It originates on a slope of the Rýchory mountains in the southeast of the |
Hussite Wars
The Hussite Wars, also called the Bohemian Wars or the Hussite Revolution, were a series of civil wars fought between the Hussites and the combined Catholic forces of Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund, the Papacy, European monarchs loyal to the Catholic Church, as well as various Hussite factions. At a late stage of the conflict, the Utraquists changed sides in 1432 to fight alongside Roman Catholics and opposed the Taborites and other Hussite spinoffs. These wars lasted from 1419 to approximately 1434. The unrest began after pre-Protestant Christian reformer Jan Hus was executed by the Catholic Church in 1415 for heresy. Because the King Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia had plans to be crowned the Holy Roman Emperor (requiring Papal Coronation), he suppressed the religion of the Hussites, yet it continued to spread. When King Wenceslaus IV died of natural causes a few years later, the tension stemming from the Hussites grew stronger. In Prague and various other parts of Bohemia, the Cath ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lands Of The Bohemian Crown
The Lands of the Bohemian Crown were a number of incorporated states in Central Europe during the medieval and early modern periods connected by feudal relations under the Bohemian kings. The crown lands primarily consisted of the Kingdom of Bohemia, an electorate of the Holy Roman Empire according to the Golden Bull of 1356, the Margraviate of Moravia, the Duchies of Silesia, and the two Lusatias, known as the Margraviate of Upper Lusatia and the Margraviate of Lower Lusatia, as well as other territories throughout its history. This agglomeration of states nominally under the rule of the Bohemian kings was historically referred to simply as Bohemia. They are now sometimes referred to in scholarship as the Czech lands, a direct translation of the Czech abbreviated name. The joint rule of ''Corona regni Bohemiae'' was legally established by decree of King Charles IV issued on 7 April 1348, on the foundation of the original Czech lands ruled by the Přemyslid dynasty until 1306. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bark (botany)
Bark is the outermost layers of stems and roots of woody plants. Plants with bark include trees, woody vines, and shrubs. Bark refers to all the tissues outside the vascular cambium and is a nontechnical term. It overlays the wood and consists of the inner bark and the outer bark. The inner bark, which in older stems is living tissue, includes the innermost layer of the periderm. The outer bark on older stems includes the dead tissue on the surface of the stems, along with parts of the outermost periderm and all the tissues on the outer side of the periderm. The outer bark on trees which lies external to the living periderm is also called the rhytidome. Products derived from bark include bark shingle siding and wall coverings, spices and other flavorings, tanbark for tannin, resin, latex, medicines, poisons, various hallucinogenic chemicals and cork. Bark has been used to make cloth, canoes, and ropes and used as a surface for paintings and map making. A number of plants a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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