Lombard Committee For Resolution 44
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Lombard Committee For Resolution 44
The Lombard Committee for Resolution 44 (''Comitato Lombardo per la Risoluzione 44'', CoLoR44) is a trans-party movement active in Lombardy, a region of Italy. CoLoR44 proposes a referendum on the self-determination of Lombardy. The movement takes inspiration from a resolution, approved by the Regional Council of nearby Veneto in November 2012, which set the course toward a possible referendum on Venetian independence. The Committee is supported by several parties and associations, including Venetian Independence (the Venetian party which proposed Resolution 44) and Padanian Union The Padanian Union (''Unione Padana'', UP) is a Padanian nationalism, Padanist and separatism, separatist list of political parties in Italy, political party active in Lombardy, Italy. The party emerged in November 2011 by the merger of Lega Padan .... References External linksOfficial website 2013 establishments in Italy {{Italy-org-stub ...
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Lombardy
Lombardy ( it, Lombardia, Lombard language, Lombard: ''Lombardia'' or ''Lumbardia' '') is an administrative regions of Italy, region of Italy that covers ; it is located in the northern-central part of the country and has a population of about 10 million people, constituting more than one-sixth of Italy's population. Over a fifth of the Italian gross domestic product (GDP) is produced in the region. The Lombardy region is located between the Alps mountain range and tributaries of the Po river, and includes Milan, the largest metropolitan area in the country, and among the largest in the European Union (EU). Of the fifty-eight UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Italy, eleven are in Lombardy. Virgil, Pliny the Elder, Ambrose, Gerolamo Cardano, Caravaggio, Claudio Monteverdi, Antonio Stradivari, Cesare Beccaria, Alessandro Volta and Alessandro Manzoni; and popes Pope John XXIII, John XXIII and Pope Paul VI, Paul VI originated in the area of modern-day Lombardy region. Etymology The name ...
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Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical region. Italy is also considered part of Western Europe, and shares land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino. It has a territorial exclave in Switzerland, Campione. Italy covers an area of , with a population of over 60 million. It is the third-most populous member state of the European Union, the sixth-most populous country in Europe, and the tenth-largest country in the continent by land area. Italy's capital and largest city is Rome. Italy was the native place of many civilizations such as the Italic peoples and the Etruscans, while due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean, the country has also historically been home ...
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Referendum
A referendum (plural: referendums or less commonly referenda) is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue. This is in contrast to an issue being voted on by a representative. This may result in the adoption of a new policy or specific law, or the referendum may be only advisory. In some countries, it is synonymous with or commonly known by other names including plebiscite, votation, popular consultation, ballot question, ballot measure, or proposition. Some definitions of 'plebiscite' suggest it is a type of vote to change the constitution or government of a country. The word, 'referendum' is often a catchall, used for both legislative referrals and initiatives. Etymology 'Referendum' is the gerundive form of the Latin verb , literally "to carry back" (from the verb , "to bear, bring, carry" plus the inseparable prefix , here meaning "back"Marchant & Charles, Cassell's Latin Dictionary, 1928, p. 469.). As a gerundive is an adjective,A gerundiv ...
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Self-determination
The right of a people to self-determination is a cardinal principle in modern international law (commonly regarded as a ''jus cogens'' rule), binding, as such, on the United Nations as authoritative interpretation of the Charter's norms. It states that peoples, based on respect for the principle of equal rights and fair equality of opportunity, have the right to freely choose their sovereignty and international political status with no interference. The concept was first expressed in the 1860s, and spread rapidly thereafter. During and after World War I, the principle was encouraged by both Soviet Premier Vladimir Lenin and United States President Woodrow Wilson. Having announced his Fourteen Points on 8 January 1918, on 11 February 1918 Wilson stated: "National aspirations must be respected; people may now be dominated and governed only by their own consent. 'Self determination' is not a mere phrase; it is an imperative principle of action." During World War II, the princip ...
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Regional Council Of Veneto
The Regional Council of Veneto (''Consiglio Regionale del Veneto'') is the regional parliament of Veneto. The Council, which has its seat at Palazzo Ferro Fini, located along the Grand Canal in Venice. was first elected in 1970, when ordinary regions were established, twenty-two years after the Italian Constitution envisioned them in 1948. Composition The Regional Council of Veneto (''Consiglio Regionale del Veneto'') is composed of 51 members. 49 councillors are elected in provincial constituencies by proportional representation using the largest remainder method with a Droop quota and open lists, while the remaining two are the elected President and the candidate for President who comes second. The winning coalition wins a bonus of seats in order to make sure the elected President has a majority in the Council. The Council is elected for a five-year term, but, if the President suffers a vote of no confidence, resigns or dies, under the ''simul stabunt, simul cadent'' (lit ...
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Veneto
Veneto (, ; vec, Vèneto ) or Venetia is one of the 20 regions of Italy. Its population is about five million, ranking fourth in Italy. The region's capital is Venice while the biggest city is Verona. Veneto was part of the Roman Empire until the 5th century AD. Later, after a Feudalism, feudal period, it was part of the Republic of Venice until 1797. Venice ruled for centuries over one of the largest and richest maritime republics and trade empires in the world. After the Napoleonic Wars and the Congress of Vienna, the Republic was combined with Lombardy and annexed to the Austrian Empire as the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, until that was Italian unification, merged with the Kingdom of Italy in 1866, as a result of the Third Italian War of Independence. Besides Italian language, Italian, most inhabitants also speak Venetian language, Venetian. Since 1971, the Statute of Veneto has referred to the region's citizens as "the Venetian people". Article 1 defines Veneto as an " ...
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Venetian Independence
Venetian Independence ( it, Indipendenza Veneta, vec, Independensa Vèneta, IV) is a Venetist, liberal and, to some extent, libertarian political party active in Veneto. The party seeks to achieve full political independence for the former territories of the Venetian Republic from Italy through a referendum. IV, which functions also as an advocacy group, counts a handful of municipal councillors and has not been represented yet in the Regional Council of Veneto. The party was formed in May 2012 as a split from Veneto State (VS) and several members of IV are former affiliates of the Venetian National Party (PNV). The party's most recognisable member is Alessio Morosin (a former regional councillor of the LV–LN), but its formal leaders have been Michele Favero, Massimo Vidori, Juri De Luca and Michele Favero. History Background and foundation In September 2010 a joint Venetist-separatist party named Veneto State (VS) was formed mainly by the merger of the Venetian National ...
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Padanian Union
The Padanian Union (''Unione Padana'', UP) is a Padanian nationalism, Padanist and separatism, separatist list of political parties in Italy, political party active in Lombardy, Italy. The party emerged in November 2011 by the merger of Lega Padana Lombardia, led by Roberto Bernardelli and Giulio Arrighini, and other groups of Padanists led by Francesco Formenti and Giovanni Ongaro. All four politicians had been deputies of Lega Lombarda–Lega Nord in the 1990s. The first congress of the party was attended by leading Padanists such as Giancarlo Pagliarini, Gilberto Oneto, Gianluca Marchi and Leonardo Facco. As soon as in March 2012 the provincial wing of province of Bergamo, Bergamo, led by Ongaro, split and formed the Alpine Padanian Union (UPA). In May 2013 the Padanian Union joined a new organization: Lombard Independence (''Indipendenza Lombarda''). The following year, in April 2014, Bernardelli was arrested, along with a group of Venetian separatists (including Franco Rocch ...
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