|
Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra
The ''Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra'' (Sanskrit, "Discourse of the Descent into Laṅka" bo, ལང་ཀར་བཤེགས་པའི་མདོ་, Chinese:入楞伽經) is a prominent Mahayana Buddhist sūtra. This sūtra recounts a teaching primarily between Gautama Buddha and a bodhisattva named Mahāmati, "Great Wisdom". The sūtra is set in Laṅkā, the island fortress capital of Rāvaṇa, the king of the rākṣasas. The ''Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra'' figured prominently in the development of Chinese, Tibetan and Japanese Buddhism. It is notably an important sūtra in Chan Buddhism and Japanese Zen. Sūtra doctrine The ''Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra'' draws upon the concepts and doctrines of Yogācāra and Buddha-nature. The most important doctrine issuing from the ''Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra'' is that of the primacy of consciousness (Skt. '' ālayavijñāna'') and the teaching of consciousness as the only reality. In the sūtra, the Buddha asserts that all the objects of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahāsattva
A mahāsattva () is a great ''bodhisattva'' who has practiced Buddhism for a long time and reached a very high level on the path to awakening (''bodhi''). Generally refers to bodhisattvas who have reached at least the seventh of the ten '' bhumis''. The transcription of ''mahāsattva'' in Chinese is ''móhé-sāduò'' (摩诃萨埵), often simplified in ''móhésà'' (摩诃萨, Japanese: ''makasatsu''). It is also calqued as ''dàshì'' (大士, "great being", Japanese: ''daishi''). The eight most famous ''mahāsattvas'' are Mañjuśrī, Samantabhadra, Avalokiteśvara, Mahāsthāmaprāpta, Akasagarbha, Kṣitigarbha, Maitreya Maitreya (Sanskrit: ) or Metteyya (Pali: ), also Maitreya Buddha or Metteyya Buddha, is regarded as the future Buddha of this world in Buddhist eschatology. As the 5th and final Buddha of the current kalpa, Maitreya's teachings will be aimed at ... and Sarvanivarana-Vishkambhin. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Mahasattva Bodhisattvas Buddhist stages of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bodhiruci
Bodhiruci () was a Buddhist monk from North India (6th century CE) active in the area of Luoyang, China. His 39 translated works include the ''Ten Stages Sutra The ''Ten Stages Sutra'' (Sanskrit: ''Daśabhūmika Sūtra''; ; ) also known as the Daśabhūmika Sūtra, is an early, influential Mahayana Buddhist scripture. The sutra also appears as the 26th chapter of the '' ''.Modern Buddhist studies schol ...'' () and commentary, and the '' Amitabha Sutra'' with commentary. Bodhiruci is regarded as the patriarch of the Dashabhumika () school, which used his ''Ten Stages Sutra'' as its chief object of study. This Bodhiruci should not be confused with 8th century Bodhiruchi who translated Mahāratnakūṭa Sūtra. References 6th-century Indian philosophers Indian expatriates in China Indian Buddhist monks Indian Buddhists Northern Wei Buddhist monks Indian Buddhist missionaries Translators to Chinese 6th-century Indian writers Missionary linguists {{India-r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dazu Huike
Dazu Huike (487–593; ) is considered the Second Patriarch of Chan Buddhism and the twenty-ninth since Gautama Buddha. The successor to Bodhidharma. Biography Sources As with most of the early Chán patriarchs, very little firm data is available about his life. The earliest extant biography of the Chán patriarchs is the Biographies of Eminent Monks (519) () and its sequel, Further Biographies of Eminent Monks () (645) by Tao-hsuan (?-667). The following biography is the traditional Chan biography as handed down throughout the centuries, including the ''Denkoroku'' by Zen Master Keizan Jokin (1268–1325). Life The Hsu kao-seng chuan says that Huike was born in Hu-lao (Sishui, modern Xingyang, Henan) and his secular name was Shénguāng (神光, Wade–Giles: Shen-kuang; Japanese: Shinko). A scholar in both Buddhist scriptures and classical Chinese texts, including Taoism, Huike was considered enlightened but criticised for not having a teacher. He met his teacher Bodhidharm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bodhidharma
Bodhidharma was a semi-legendary Buddhist monk who lived during the 5th or 6th century CE. He is traditionally credited as the transmitter of Chan Buddhism to China, and regarded as its first Chinese patriarch. According to a 17th century apocryphal story found in a manual called Yijin Jing, he began the physical training of the monks of Shaolin Monastery that led to the creation of Shaolin kungfu. He is known as Dámó in China and as Daruma in Japan. His name means "''dharma'' of awakening (bodhi)" in Sanskrit. Little contemporary biographical information on Bodhidharma is extant, and subsequent accounts became layered with legend and unreliable details. According to the principal Chinese sources, Bodhidharma came from the Western Regions, which typically refers to Central Asia but can also include the Indian subcontinent, and is described as either a " Persian Central Asian" or a " South Indian ..the third son of a great Indian king." Throughout Buddhist art, Bodh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guṇabhadra
Gunabhadra (394–468) ( sa, गुणभद्र, ) was a monk and translator of Mahayana Buddhism from Magadha, Central India. His biography is contained in the work of a Chinese monk called Sengyou entitled ''Chu sanzang ji ji''. Life Gunabhadra was said to have originally been born into a Brahman family but studied the ''Miśrakābhidharmahṛdaya'' under a Mahayana master which led to his conversion to Buddhism. He traveled to China by sea with Gunavarma in 435 after first visiting Sri Lanka. They were both treated as honored guests by Emperor Wen of Liu Song, the ruler of South China at the time. In China, he translated one of the key Mahayana sutras, the ''Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra'', from Sanskrit to Chinese, and Vekhanasa Sutra , which forms "a volume from the Issaikyō (a Buddhist corpus), commonly known as Jingo-ji kyō," as it was handed down at the Jingo-ji temple. Before translating the ''Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra'', he translated another important sutra, the '' Sa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taishō Tripiṭaka
The Taishō Tripiṭaka (; Japanese: ''Taishō Shinshū Daizōkyō''; “ Taishō Revised Tripiṭaka”) is a definitive edition of the Chinese Buddhist canon and its Japanese commentaries used by scholars in the 20th century. It was edited by Takakusu Junjiro and others. The name is abbreviated as “” in Chinese () and Japanese (). Contents Volumes 1–85 are the literature, in which volumes 56–84 are Japanese Buddhist literature, written in Classical Chinese. Volumes 86–97 are Buddhism related drawings, includes drawings of many Buddhas and bodhisattva In Buddhism, a bodhisattva ( ; sa, 𑀩𑁄𑀥𑀺𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁆𑀯 (Brahmī), translit=bodhisattva, label=Sanskrit) or bodhisatva is a person who is on the path towards bodhi ('awakening') or Buddhahood. In the Early Buddhist schoo ...s. Volumes 98–100 are texts of different indexes of Buddhist texts known in Japan ca. 1930. The 85 volumes of literature contains 5,320 individual texts, classified a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dharmarakṣa
(, J. Jiku Hōgo; K. Ch’uk Pǒphom c. 233-310) was one of the most important early translators of Mahayana sutras into Chinese. Several of his translations had profound effects on East Asian Buddhism. He is described in scriptural catalogues as Yuezhi in origin. Life His family lived at Dunhuang, where he was born around 233 CE. At the age of eight, he became a novice and took the Indian monk named Zhu Gaozuo () as his teacher. As a young boy, Dhamaraksa was said to be extremely intelligent, and journeyed with his teacher to many countries in the Western Regions, where he learned Central Asian languages and scripts. He then traveled back to China with a quantity of Buddhist texts and translated them with the aid of numerous assistants and associates, both Chinese and foreign, from Parthians to Khotanese. One of his more prominent assistants was a Chinese upāsaka, Nie Chengyuan (), who served as a scribe and editor. Dharmaraksa first began his translation career in Chang'an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aryadeva
Āryadeva (fl. 3rd century CE) (; , Chinese: ''Tipo pusa'' 婆 菩薩 = Deva Bodhisattva, was a Mahayana Buddhist monk, a disciple of Nagarjuna and a Madhyamaka philosopher.Silk, Jonathan A. (ed.) (2019). ''Brill’s Encyclopedia of Buddhism Volume II:Lives,'' pp. 60-68. Brill. Most sources agree that he was from "Siṃhala", which some scholars identify with Sri Lanka. After Nagarjuna, he is considered to be the next most important figure of the Indian Madhyamaka school.Ruegg (1981), p. 50.''Women of Wisdom'' by Tsultrim Allione, Shambhala Publications Inc, p. 186. Āryadeva's writings are important sources of Madhyamaka in both East Asian Buddhism and in Tibetan Buddhism. His '' Catuḥśataka'' (''Four Hundred Verses'') was influential on Madhyamaka in India and Tibet and his ''*Śataka'' (''Bailun'', 百論, T. 1569) and ''Dvādaśamukhaśāstra'' (both translated by Kumārajīva in the 4th century) were important sources for the East Asian Madhyamaka school. Āry ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nagarjuna
Nāgārjuna . 150 – c. 250 CE (disputed)was an Indian Mahāyāna Buddhist thinker, scholar-saint and philosopher. He is widely considered one of the most important Buddhist philosophers.Garfield, Jay L. (1995), ''The Fundamental Wisdom of the Middle Way'', Oxford: Oxford University Press. Jan Westerhoff considers him to be "one of the greatest thinkers in the history of Asian philosophy." Nāgārjuna is widely considered to be the founder of the Madhyamaka (centrism, middle-way) school of Buddhist philosophy and a defender of the Mahāyāna movement. His '' Mūlamadhyamakakārikā'' (Root Verses on Madhyamaka, or MMK) is the most important text on the madhyamaka philosophy of emptiness. The MMK inspired a large number of commentaries in Sanskrit, Chinese, Tibetan, Korean and Japanese and continues to be studied today. History Background India in the first and second centuries CE was politically divided into various states, including the Kushan Empire and the S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ratnagotravibhāga
The ''Ratnagotravibhāga'' (Sanskrit, abbreviated as RGV, meaning: ''Analysis of the Jeweled Lineage, Investigating the Jewel Disposition'') and its ''vyākhyā'' commentary (abbreviated RGVV to refer to the RGV verses along with the embedded commentary), is an influential Mahāyāna Buddhist treatise on buddha-nature (a.k.a. tathāgatagarbha). The text is also known as the ''Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra (The Ultimate Teaching of the Mahāyāna).''Gardner, Alex. "On the ''Ratnagotravibhāga''." ''Buddha-Nature: A Tsadra Foundation Initiative'', September 12, 2018. https://buddhanature.tsadra.org/index.php/Articles/On_the_Ratnagotravibh%C4%81ga. The RGVV was originally composed in Sanskrit, likely between the middle of the third century and no later than 433 CE.Takasaki (1966), The text and its commentary are also preserved in Tibetan and Chinese translations''.'' The ''Ratnagotra'' focuses on the buddha nature present in all sentient beings, which is eternal, blissful, uncondi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pratītyasamutpāda
''Pratītyasamutpāda'' (Sanskrit: प्रतीत्यसमुत्पाद, Pāli: ''paṭiccasamuppāda''), commonly translated as dependent origination, or dependent arising, is a key doctrine in Buddhism shared by all schools of Buddhism. It states that all dharmas (phenomena) arise in dependence upon other dharmas: "if this exists, that exists; if this ceases to exist, that also ceases to exist". The basic principle is that all things (dharmas, phenomena, principles) arise in dependence upon other things. The doctrine includes depictions of the arising of suffering (''anuloma-paṭiccasamuppāda'', "with the grain", forward conditionality) and depictions of how the chain can be reversed (''paṭiloma-paṭiccasamuppāda'', "against the grain", reverse conditionality).Fuller, Paul (2004). ''The Notion of Ditthi in Theravada Buddhism: The Point of View.'' p. 65. Routledge.Harvey, Peter. ''The Conditioned Co-arising of Mental and Bodily Processes within Life and Bet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
