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Land Rover Range Rover (P38A)
The Range Rover (LP) is the second-generation Range Rover model from British car maker Land Rover. It was launched on 28 September 1994, 24 years after the introduction of the Range Rover Classic. It included an updated version of the Rover V8 engine, with the option of a 2.5-litre BMW Straight-six engine, six-cylinder turbo-diesel. The new model offered more equipment and premium trims, positioning the vehicle above the Land Rover Discovery to face the increased competition in the SUV marketplace. It is usually known as the Range Rover P38 or P38A outside of Land Rover, after the office building in which the vehicle development team was based. During the early development stages, the Engineering team was based in the Engineering Block at Solihull, and the vehicle was known by the project designations of 'Pegasus' and 'Discovery,' changing to P38A when the team moved to Block 38A at Solihull. The name 'Discovery' was used temporarily as a cover to confuse journalists while the o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Land Rover
Land Rover is a British brand of predominantly four-wheel drive, off-road capable vehicles, owned by multinational car manufacturer Jaguar Land Rover (JLR), since 2008 a subsidiary of India's Tata Motors. JLR currently builds Land Rovers in Brazil, China, India, Slovakia, and the United Kingdom. The Land Rover name was created in 1948 by the Rover Company for a utilitarian 4WD off-roader; yet today Land Rover vehicles comprise solely upmarket and luxury sport utility cars. Land Rover was granted a Royal Warrant by King George VI in 1951, and 50 years later, in 2001, it received a Queen's Award for Enterprise for outstanding contribution to international trade. Over time, Land Rover grew into its own brand (and for a while also a company), encompassing a consistently growing range of four-wheel drive, off-road capable models. Starting with the much more upmarket 1970 Range Rover, and subsequent introductions of the mid-range Discovery and entry-level Freelander line (in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Range Rover
Range may refer to: Geography * Range (geographic), a chain of hills or mountains; a somewhat linear, complex mountainous or hilly area (cordillera, sierra) ** Mountain range, a group of mountains bordered by lowlands * Range, a term used to identify a survey township in the US * Rangeland, deserts, grasslands, shrublands, wetlands, and woodlands that are grazed by domestic livestock or wild animals Mathematics * Range of a function, a set containing the output values produced by a function * Range (statistics), the difference between the highest and the lowest values in a set * Interval (mathematics), also called ''range'', a set of real numbers that includes all numbers between any two numbers in the set * Column space, also called the ''range'' of a matrix, is the set of all possible linear combinations of the column vectors of the matrix * Projective range, a line or a conic in projective geometry * Range of a quantifier, in logic Music * Range (music), the distance ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ZF 4HP24 Transmission
The ZF 4HP24 is a four-speed automatic transmission for passenger cars from ZF Friedrichshafen AG. Introduced in 1987, it was used in a variety of cars from Audi, BMW, Jaguar, and Land Rover. Applications 4HP24 *1986–1994 BMW E32 750i M70/B50 *1986–1994 BMW E32 750iL M70/B50 *1986–1994 Jaguar XJ40 *1989–1994 BMW E31 850Ci M70/B50 *1989–1994 BMW E31 850i M70/B50 *1989–1996 Jaguar XJS 4.0 *1995–1997 Jaguar XJ6 (X300) 4.0 *1994–2002 Range Rover V8 4.6L *1999–2002 Range Rover V8 4.0L *2003–2004 Land Rover Discovery V8 4.6L 4HP24A Audi version *1990–1991 Audi V8 3.6 V8 *1992–1994 Audi V8 4.2 V8 *1994–1996 Audi D2 A8 4.2 V8 quattro *1995–1997 Audi S6 4.2 V8 C4 100 See also *List of ZF transmissions This list of ZF transmissions details those automotive transmissions created by the German ZF Friedrichshafen AG engineering company. There are two fundamental types of motor vehicle transmission: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ZF 4HP22 Transmission
The 4HP 22 is a four-speed automatic transmission from ZF Friedrichshafen AG for passenger cars with rear wheel drive or 4X4 layout. Introduced in 1980, it was produced through 2003, and has been used in a variety of cars from BMW, General Motors, Jaguar, Land Rover, Maserati, Peugeot, Porsche, and Volvo. Specifications Torque The ZF 4HP 22 can handle from 100 to 380 NM of input torque. Technical data Applications 4HP 22 * BMW ** E30 ***1984–1988 316 M10/B18 ***1987–1988 316i M10/B18 ***1988–1994 316i M40/B16 ***1984–1987 318i M10/B18 ***1987–1994 318i M40/B18 ***1982–1993 320i M20/B20 ***1982–1986 323i M20/B23 ***1985–1990 324d M21/D24 ***1987–1990 324td M21/D24 ***1983–1988 325e M20/B27: Type A ***1985–1993 325i M20/B25: Type A ***1986–1992 325ix M20/B25: Type A ** E28 ***1981–1987 518i M10/B18: Type B ***1981–1987 520i M20/B20: Type B ***1986–1988 524d M21/D24: Type B ***1983– ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Height Adjustable Suspension
Height adjustable suspension is a feature of certain automobile suspension systems that allow the motorist to vary the ride height or ground clearance. This can be done for various reasons including giving better ground clearance over rough terrain, a lower ground clearance to improve performance and fuel economy at high speed, or for stylistic reasons. Such a feature requires fairly sophisticated engineering. Height adjustment is most often achieved by air or oil compression used for the "springs" of the vehicle when the pressure is varied the vehicle body rises or lowers. Factory systems for cars The first instance of a production vehicle with adjustable suspension was on the 1954 Citroën 15CVH. This vehicle featured a self-leveling, height adjustable hydropneumatic suspension. Since this time, these systems have appeared continuously on Citroën models, including the DS and CX. Height adjustable suspension was banned in the United States from 1974 to 1981, due to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electronic Air Suspension
Air suspension is a type of vehicle suspension powered by an electric or engine-driven air pump or compressor. This compressor pumps the air into a flexible bellows, usually made from textile-reinforced rubber. Unlike hydropneumatic suspension, which offers many similar features, air suspension does not use pressurized liquid, but pressurized air. The air pressure inflates the bellows, and raises the chassis from the axle. Overview Air suspension is used in place of conventional steel springs in heavy vehicle applications such as buses and trucks, and in some passenger cars. It is widely used on semi trailers and trains (primarily passenger trains). The purpose of air suspension is to provide a smooth, constant ride quality, but in some cases is used for sports suspension. Modern electronically controlled systems in automobiles and light trucks almost always feature self-leveling along with raising and lowering functions. Although traditionally called air bags or air bellow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Air Suspension
Air suspension is a type of vehicle suspension powered by an electric or engine-driven air pump or compressor. This compressor pumps the air into a flexible bellows, usually made from textile-reinforced rubber. Unlike hydropneumatic suspension, which offers many similar features, air suspension does not use pressurized liquid, but pressurized air. The air pressure inflates the bellows, and raises the chassis from the axle. Overview Air suspension is used in place of conventional steel springs in heavy vehicle applications such as buses and trucks, and in some passenger cars. It is widely used on semi trailers and trains (primarily passenger trains). The purpose of air suspension is to provide a smooth, constant ride quality, but in some cases is used for sports suspension. Modern electronically controlled systems in automobiles and light trucks almost always feature self-leveling along with raising and lowering functions. Although traditionally called air bags or air bellows ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intercooler
An intercooler is a heat exchanger used to cool a gas after compression. Often found in turbocharged engines, intercoolers are also used in air compressors, air conditioners, refrigeration and gas turbines. Internal combustion engines Most commonly used with turbocharged engines, an intercooler is used to counteract the heat of compression and heat soak in the pressurised intake air. By reducing the temperature of the intake air, the air becomes denser (allowing more fuel to be injected, resulting in increased power) and less likely to suffer from pre-ignition or knocking. Additional cooling can be provided by externally spraying a fine mist onto the intercooler surface, or even into the intake air itself, to further reduce intake charge temperature through evaporative cooling. Intercoolers can vary dramatically in size, shape and design, depending on the performance and space requirements of the system. Many passenger cars use either ''front-mounted intercoolers'' l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vacuum Pump
A vacuum pump is a device that draws gas molecules from a sealed volume in order to leave behind a partial vacuum. The job of a vacuum pump is to generate a relative vacuum within a capacity. The first vacuum pump was invented in 1650 by Otto von Guericke, and was preceded by the suction pump, which dates to antiquity. History Early pumps The predecessor to the vacuum pump was the suction pump. Dual-action suction pumps were found in the city of Pompeii. Arabic engineer Al-Jazari later described dual-action suction pumps as part of water-raising machines in the 13th century. He also said that a suction pump was used in siphons to discharge Greek fire. The suction pump later appeared in medieval Europe from the 15th century.Donald Routledge Hill (1996), ''A History of Engineering in Classical and Medieval Times'', Routledge, pp. 143 & 150-2Donald Routledge Hill, "Mechanical Engineering in the Medieval Near East", ''Scientific American'', May 1991, pp. 64-69 (cf. Donald Ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intake Manifold
In automotive engineering, an inlet manifold or intake manifold (in American English) is the part of an engine that supplies the fuel/air mixture to the cylinders. The word ''manifold'' comes from the Old English word ''manigfeald'' (from the Anglo-Saxon ''manig'' anyand ''feald'' epeatedly and refers to the multiplying of one (pipe) into many.manifold, (adv.) "in the proportion of many to one, by many times". AD1526 ''Oxford English Dictionary'', In contrast, an exhaust manifold collects the exhaust gases from multiple cylinders into a smaller number of pipes – often down to one pipe. The primary function of the intake manifold is to ''evenly'' distribute the combustion mixture (or just air in a direct injection engine) to each intake port in the cylinder head(s). Even distribution is important to optimize the efficiency and performance of the engine. It may also serve as a mount for the carburetor, throttle body, fuel injectors and other components of the engine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BMW 7 Series (E38)
The BMW Generation E38 is the third generation of the BMW 7 Series luxury cars and was produced from 1994 until 2001. The E38 replaced the E32 7 Series and was produced with petrol and turbo-diesel straight-six and V8 engines, along with a petrol V12 flagship model. Three wheelbase lengths were available — short (i), long (iL) and Limousine (L7). The E38 was the first car available with curtain airbags. It was also the first European car to offer satellite navigation and the first BMW to offer an in-built television. The E38 was the first 7 Series to be available with a diesel engine and the last to be available with a manual transmission. In 2001, the E38 was replaced by the E65 7 Series. Development In early 1988, development began on the third generation of the 7 Series. From 1988 to 1990 styling work was done initially under design director Claus Luthe (through April 1990, taken over by Dr. Wolfgang Reitzle), when Boyke Boyer's concept design was chosen and furthe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1998 Land Rover Range Rover Limited Edition Autobiography 4
1998 was designated as the ''International Year of the Ocean''. Events January * January 6 – The ''Lunar Prospector'' spacecraft is launched into orbit around the Moon, and later finds evidence for frozen water, in soil in permanently shadowed craters near the Moon's poles. * January 11 – Over 100 people are killed in the Sidi-Hamed massacre in Algeria. * January 12 – Nineteen European nations agree to forbid human cloning. * January 17 – The ''Drudge Report'' breaks the story about U.S. President Bill Clinton's alleged affair with Monica Lewinsky, which will lead to the House of Representatives' impeachment of him. February * February 3 – Cavalese cable car disaster: A United States military pilot causes the deaths of 20 people near Trento, Italy, when his low-flying EA-6B Prowler severs the cable of a cable-car. * February 4 – The 5.9 Afghanistan earthquake shakes the Takhar Province with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VII (''Very strong''). With up to 4, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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