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Léon Choubrac
Léon Choubrac (17 November 1847 – 5 April 1885), who sometimes signed his drawings with Hope, Beraldi, ''Les graveurs du 19e siècle''p.14/ref> was a French poster designer and illustrator based in Paris. With his younger brother Alfred Choubrac, Léon was trained as a classical artist with the painters Charles Doërr and Isidore Pils at the École des Beaux Arts. The Choubrac brothers came very soon to the poster, practicing since 1875 the modern treatment of colors and typography, associated with images thanks to chromolithography. In the early 1870s, the Choubrac brothers and Jules Chéret (known as "the father of the modern poster") reduced the cost of colour lithography introducing technical advances. Additionally, in 1881 restrictions on bill-posting (''affichage'') were lifted and eased state control of the media in France.Verhagen, ''The poster in Fin-de-Siècle Paris''p. 107/ref>Carter, Karen L. (2010). Unfit for public display: female sexuality and the censorship of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germinal (novel)
''Germinal'' is the thirteenth novel in Émile Zola's twenty-volume series ''Les Rougon-Macquart''. Often considered Zola's masterpiece and one of the most significant novels in the French tradition, the novel – an uncompromisingly harsh and realistic story of a coalminers' strike in northern France in the 1860s – has been published and translated in over one hundred countries. It has also inspired five film adaptations and two television productions. ''Germinal'' was written between April 1884 and January 1885. It was first serialized between November 1884 and February 1885 in the periodical ''Gil Blas'', then in March 1885 published as a book. The title () refers to the name of a month of the French Republican Calendar, a spring month. ''Germen'' is a Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around prese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pius IX
Pope Pius IX ( it, Pio IX, ''Pio Nono''; born Giovanni Maria Mastai Ferretti; 13 May 1792 – 7 February 1878) was head of the Catholic Church from 1846 to 1878, the longest verified papal reign. He was notable for convoking the First Vatican Council in 1868 and for permanently losing control of the Papal States in 1870 to the Kingdom of Italy. Thereafter he refused to leave Vatican City, declaring himself a " prisoner of the Vatican". At the time of his election, he was seen as a champion of liberalism and reform, but the Revolutions of 1848 decisively reversed his policies. Upon the assassination of his Prime Minister Rossi, Pius escaped Rome and excommunicated all participants in the short-lived Roman Republic. After its suppression by the French army and his return in 1850, his policies and doctrinal pronouncements became increasingly conservative, seeking to stem the revolutionary tide. In his 1849 encyclical '' Ubi primum'', he emphasized Mary's role in salvation. In 18 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Illustrators
French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with France ** French cuisine, cooking traditions and practices Fortnite French places Arts and media * The French (band), a British rock band * "French" (episode), a live-action episode of ''The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!'' * ''Française'' (film), 2008 * French Stewart (born 1964), American actor Other uses * French (surname), a surname (including a list of people with the name) * French (tunic), a particular type of military jacket or tunic used in the Russian Empire and Soviet Union * French's, an American brand of mustard condiment * French catheter scale, a unit of measurement of diameter * French Defence, a chess opening * French kiss, a type of kiss involving the tongue See also * France (other) * Franch, a surname * French ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Poster Artists
French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with France ** French cuisine, cooking traditions and practices Fortnite French places Arts and media * The French (band), a British rock band * "French" (episode), a live-action episode of ''The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!'' * ''Française'' (film), 2008 * French Stewart (born 1964), American actor Other uses * French (surname), a surname (including a list of people with the name) * French (tunic), a particular type of military jacket or tunic used in the Russian Empire and Soviet Union * French's, an American brand of mustard condiment * French catheter scale, a unit of measurement of diameter * French Defence, a chess opening * French kiss, a type of kiss involving the tongue See also * France (other) * Franch, a surname * French ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris Commune
The Paris Commune (french: Commune de Paris, ) was a revolutionary government that seized power in Paris, the capital of France, from 18 March to 28 May 1871. During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, the French National Guard had defended Paris, and working-class radicalism grew among its soldiers. Following the establishment of the Third Republic in September 1870 (under French chief executive Adolphe Thiers from February 1871) and the complete defeat of the French Army by the Germans by March 1871, soldiers of the National Guard seized control of the city on March 18. They killed two French army generals and refused to accept the authority of the Third Republic, instead attempting to establish an independent government. The Commune governed Paris for two months, establishing policies that tended toward a progressive, anti-religious system of social democracy, including the separation of church and state, self-policing, the remission of rent, the abolition of child l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alcazar D'Hiver
The Alcazar (later Alcazar d'Hiver) was a Café-concert which opened in 1858, located at 10 Rue du Faubourg Poissonière in Paris, and closed in 1902. This café-concert was first directed by Joseph Mayer, then by Arsène Goubert who attracted the singer Thérésa (Emma Valladon) from her position at the Eldorado. She sang for the first time as a comic actress and gained a triumph, becoming the first true star of the café-concert. Goubert acquired another establishment, on the Champs-Elysées, which he called "Alcazar d'Été", logically renaming the "Alcazar" to "Alcazar d'Hiver".French ''Été'' = Summer, ''Hiver'' = Winter On the departure of Thérésa, the place often changed names and proprietors. It was demolished in 1902 to be replaced by offices. Principal artists featured * Thérésa (Emma Valladon) * Jeanne Bloch * La Goulue * Eugénie Buffet Eugénie Buffet (1866–1934) was a French singer who rose to fame in France just prior to World War I. She has been cal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gazette Des Beaux-Arts
The ''Gazette des Beaux-Arts'' was a French art review, founded in 1859 by Édouard Houssaye, with Charles Blanc as its first chief editor. Assia Visson Rubinstein was chief editorial secretary under the direction of George Wildenstein from 1936 until 1960. Her papers, which include all editions of the ''Gazette'' from this period, are intact at the Cantonal and University Library of Lausanne in Dorigny university campus, Dorigny. The ''Gazette'' was a world reference work on art history for nearly 100 years - one other editor in chief, from 1955 to 1987, was Jean Adhémar. It was bought in 1928 by the Wildenstein family, whose last representative was Daniel Wildenstein, its director from 1963 until his death in 2001. The magazine was published monthly and was headquartered in Paris. The review closed in 2002. List of directors *1859-1863: Édouard Houssaye *1863-1872: Émile Galichon *1872-1875: Maurice Cottier, Édouard André (art collector), Édouard André and Ernest Hosche ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Le Courrier Français (1884–1913)
''Le Courrier français'' may refer to: * ''Le Courrier français (1820–1851) ''Le Courrier français'' was a Liberal French journal that appeared from 1820 to 1851. Following the Bourbon Restoration in 1814, when censorship was lifted the ''Doctrinaires'' were the only group without a political organ, since the ''Archives ...'', a Liberal journal published in France * '' Le Courrier français (1884–1913)'', a satirical magazine published in France * '' Le Courrier français (1948–1950)'', a royalist monthly published by the supporters of the Count of Paris {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gil Blas (periodical)
''Gil Blas'' (or ''Le Gil Blas'') was a Parisian literary periodical named for Alain-René Lesage's novel ''Gil Blas''. It was founded by the sculptor Augustin-Alexandre Dumont in November 1879. ''Gil Blas'' serialized novels, such as Émile Zola's '' Germinal'' (1884) and ''L'Œuvre'' (1885), before they appeared in book form. Numerous Guy de Maupassant short stories debuted in ''Gil Blas''. The journal was also known for its opinionated arts and theatre criticism. Contributors included René Blum, Alexandru Bogdan-Pitești, and Abel Hermant. Théophile Steinlen and Albert Guillaume provided illustrations. ''Gil Blas'' was published regularly until 1914, when there was a short hiatus due to the outbreak of World War I. Afterwards, it was published intermittently until 1938."Gil Blas," |
Bibliothèque Nationale De France
The Bibliothèque nationale de France (, 'National Library of France'; BnF) is the national library of France, located in Paris on two main sites known respectively as ''Richelieu'' and ''François-Mitterrand''. It is the national repository of all that is published in France. Some of its extensive collections, including books and manuscripts but also precious objects and artworks, are on display at the BnF Museum (formerly known as the ) on the Richelieu site. The National Library of France is a public establishment under the supervision of the Ministry of Culture. Its mission is to constitute collections, especially the copies of works published in France that must, by law, be deposited there, conserve them, and make them available to the public. It produces a reference catalogue, cooperates with other national and international establishments, and participates in research programs. History The National Library of France traces its origin to the royal library founded at t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
François Allain-Targé
François Henri René Allain-Targé (17 May 1832 – 16 July 1902) was a French politician of the French Third Republic. He served as Minister of finance under Léon Gambetta and Minister of the interior under Henri Brisson. Early life and career Allain-Targé was born in Angers in an affluent family of magistrates. The son of a procureur général, he studied law in Poitiers and settled as a lawyer in his hometown in 1853. In 1857 he married Geneviève Villemain, a daughter of Abel-François Villemain,François Allain-Targé (1832-1902) BnF Data with whom he had two daughters. After holding the post of deputy-procureur from 1861 to 1864, he moved to , where he became a contributor to newspapers oppo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope
The pope ( la, papa, from el, πάππας, translit=pappas, 'father'), also known as supreme pontiff ( or ), Roman pontiff () or sovereign pontiff, is the bishop of Rome (or historically the patriarch of Rome), head of the worldwide Catholic Church, and has also served as the head of state or sovereign of the Papal States and later the Vatican City State since the eighth century. From a Catholic viewpoint, the primacy of the bishop of Rome is largely derived from his role as the apostolic successor to Saint Peter, to whom primacy was conferred by Jesus, who gave Peter the Keys of Heaven and the powers of "binding and loosing", naming him as the "rock" upon which the Church would be built. The current pope is Francis, who was elected on 13 March 2013. While his office is called the papacy, the jurisdiction of the episcopal see is called the Holy See. It is the Holy See that is the sovereign entity by international law headquartered in the distinctively independent Vatic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
