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Lysophospholipase
The enzyme lysophospholipase (EC 3.1.1.5) catalyzes the reaction :2-lysophosphatidylcholine + H2O \rightleftharpoons glycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on carboxylic ester bonds. This family consists of lysophospholipase / phospholipase B (EC 3.1.1.5) and cytosolic phospholipase A2 which also has a C2 domain . Phospholipase B enzymes catalyse the release of fatty acids from lysophospholipids and are capable ''in vitro'' of hydrolyzing all phospholipids extractable from yeast cells. Cytosolic phospholipase A2 associates with natural membranes in response to physiological increases in Ca2+ and selectively hydrolyses arachidonyl phospholipids, the aligned region corresponds the carboxy-terminal Ca2+-independent catalytic domain of the protein as discussed in. The systematic name A systematic name is a name given in a systematic way to one unique group, organism, object or chemical substance, out of a sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catalysis
Catalysis () is the process of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by adding a substance known as a catalyst (). Catalysts are not consumed in the reaction and remain unchanged after it. If the reaction is rapid and the catalyst recycles quickly, very small amounts of catalyst often suffice; mixing, surface area, and temperature are important factors in reaction rate. Catalysts generally react with one or more reactants to form intermediates that subsequently give the final reaction product, in the process of regenerating the catalyst. Catalysis may be classified as either homogeneous, whose components are dispersed in the same phase (usually gaseous or liquid) as the reactant, or heterogeneous, whose components are not in the same phase. Enzymes and other biocatalysts are often considered as a third category. Catalysis is ubiquitous in chemical industry of all kinds. Estimates are that 90% of all commercially produced chemical products involve catalysts at some s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrolase
Hydrolase is a class of enzyme that commonly perform as biochemical catalysts that use water to break a chemical bond, which typically results in dividing a larger molecule into smaller molecules. Some common examples of hydrolase enzymes are esterases including lipases, phosphatases, glycosidases, peptidases, and nucleosidases. Esterases cleave ester bonds in lipids and phosphatases cleave phosphate groups off molecules. An example of crucial esterase is acetylcholine esterase, which assists in transforming the neuron impulse into the acetate group after the hydrolase breaks the acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid. Acetic acid is an important metabolite in the body and a critical intermediate for other reactions such as glycolysis. Lipases hydrolyze glycerides. Glycosidases cleave sugar molecules off carbohydrates and peptidases hydrolyze peptide bonds. Nucleosidases hydrolyze the bonds of nucleotides. Hydrolase enzymes are important for the body because they have degra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ester
In chemistry, an ester is a compound derived from an oxoacid (organic or inorganic) in which at least one hydroxyl group () is replaced by an alkoxy group (), as in the substitution reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. Glycerides are fatty acid esters of glycerol; they are important in biology, being one of the main classes of lipids and comprising the bulk of animal fats and vegetable oils. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. They perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Phosphoesters form the backbone of DNA molecules. Nitrate esters, such as nitroglycerin, are known for their explosive properties. '' Nomenclature Etymology Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Enzymes
This article lists enzymes by their classification in the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology's Enzyme Commission (EC) numbering system. * List of EC numbers (EC 5) * List of EC numbers (EC 6) :Oxidoreductases (EC 1) (Oxidoreductase) *Dehydrogenase * Luciferase *DMSO reductase :EC 1.1 (act on the CH-OH group of donors) * :EC 1.1.1 (with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor) ** Alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD) ** Alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP) **Homoserine dehydrogenase ** Aminopropanol oxidoreductase **Diacetyl reductase **Glycerol dehydrogenase **Propanediol-phosphate dehydrogenase ** glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) ** D-xylulose reductase **L-xylulose reductase **Lactate dehydrogenase **Malate dehydrogenase **Isocitrate dehydrogenase ** HMG-CoA reductase * :EC 1.1.2 (with a cytochrome as acceptor) * :EC 1.1.3 (with oxygen as acceptor) **Glucose oxidase **L-gulonolactone oxidase **Thiamine oxidase **Xanthine oxidase * :EC 1.1.4 (with a disul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glycerophospholipid Metabolism
Glycerophospholipids or phosphoglycerides are glycerol-based phospholipids. They are the main component of biological membranes. Two major classes are known: those for bacteria and eukaryotes and a separate family for archaea. Structures The term glycerophospholipid signifies any derivative of glycerophosphoric acid that contains at least one ''O''-acyl, or ''O''-alkyl, or ''O''-alk-1'-enyl residue attached to the glycerol moiety. The phosphate group forms an ester linkage to the glycerol. The long-chained hydrocarbons are typically attached through ester linkages in bacteria/eucaryotes and by ether linkages in archaea. In bacteria and procaryotes, the lipids consist of diesters commonly of C16 or C18 fatty acids. These acids are straight-chained and, especially for the C18 members, can be unsaturated. For archaea, the hydrocarbon chains have chain lengths of C10, C15, C20 etc. since they are derived from isoprene units. These chains are branched, with one methyl subs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PLA2G4A
Cytosolic phospholipase A2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PLA2G4A'' gene. Function This gene encodes a member of the cytosolic phospholipase A2 group IV family. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids to release arachidonic acid which is subsequently metabolized into eicosanoids. Eicosanoids, including prostaglandins and leukotrienes, are lipid-based cellular hormones that regulate hemodynamics, inflammatory responses, and other intracellular pathways. The hydrolysis reaction also produces lysophospholipids that are converted into platelet-activating factor. The enzyme is activated by increased intracellular Ca2+ levels and phosphorylation, resulting in its translocation from the cytosol and nucleus to perinuclear membrane vesicles. Interactions PLA2G4A has been shown to interact with HTATIP Histone acetyltransferase KAT5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''KAT5'' gene. It is also commonly identified as TIP60. The pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PLA2G4B
Phospholipase A2, group IVB (cytosolic), also known as PLA2G4B, is a human gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a b .... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{gene-15-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PLA2G4C
Cytosolic phospholipase A2 gamma is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLA2G4C gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a b .... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{gene-19-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PLA2G4D
PLA may refer to: Organizations Politics and military * People's Liberation Army, the armed forces of China and of the ruling Chinese Communist Party * People's Liberation Army (other) ** Irish National Liberation Army, formerly called the People's Liberation Army ** People's Liberation Army (Lebanon) ** People's Liberation Army of Manipur, India * Palestine Liberation Army, the military wing of the Palestine Liberation Organization * ProLife Alliance, a former UK political party Other organizations * Pacific Locomotive Association, operator of the Niles Canyon Railway in California, US * Pakistan Library Association * Pediatric Leadership Alliance, of the American Academy of Pediatrics * Phone Losers of America, a US phone phreaking group * Port of London Authority, England * Pre-school Learning Alliance, England * Public Library Association, a US professional association Science and technology * Principle of least astonishment, a principle in software design * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PLA2G4E
PLA may refer to: Organizations Politics and military * People's Liberation Army, the armed forces of China and of the ruling Chinese Communist Party * People's Liberation Army (other) ** Irish National Liberation Army, formerly called the People's Liberation Army ** People's Liberation Army (Lebanon) ** People's Liberation Army of Manipur, India * Palestine Liberation Army, the military wing of the Palestine Liberation Organization * ProLife Alliance, a former UK political party Other organizations * Pacific Locomotive Association, operator of the Niles Canyon Railway in California, US * Pakistan Library Association * Pediatric Leadership Alliance, of the American Academy of Pediatrics * Phone Losers of America, a US phone phreaking group * Port of London Authority, England * Pre-school Learning Alliance, England * Public Library Association, a US professional association Science and technology * Principle of least astonishment, a principle in software design ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PLA2G4F
PLA may refer to: Organizations Politics and military * People's Liberation Army, the armed forces of China and of the ruling Chinese Communist Party * People's Liberation Army (other) ** Irish National Liberation Army, formerly called the People's Liberation Army ** People's Liberation Army (Lebanon) ** People's Liberation Army of Manipur, India * Palestine Liberation Army, the military wing of the Palestine Liberation Organization * ProLife Alliance, a former UK political party Other organizations * Pacific Locomotive Association, operator of the Niles Canyon Railway in California, US * Pakistan Library Association * Pediatric Leadership Alliance, of the American Academy of Pediatrics * Phone Losers of America, a US phone phreaking group * Port of London Authority, England * Pre-school Learning Alliance, England * Public Library Association, a US professional association Science and technology * Principle of least astonishment, a principle in software design * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
