The enzyme lysophospholipase (EC 3.1.1.5)
catalyzes the reaction
:2-lysophosphatidylcholine + H
2O
glycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate
This enzyme belongs to the family of
hydrolase
Hydrolase is a class of enzyme that commonly perform as biochemical catalysts that use water to break a chemical bond, which typically results in dividing a larger molecule into smaller molecules. Some common examples of hydrolase enzymes are este ...
s, specifically those acting on carboxylic
ester
In chemistry, an ester is a compound derived from an oxoacid (organic or inorganic) in which at least one hydroxyl group () is replaced by an alkoxy group (), as in the substitution reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. Glycerides a ...
bonds. This family consists of lysophospholipase / phospholipase B (EC 3.1.1.5) and cytosolic phospholipase A
2 which also has a C2 domain . Phospholipase B enzymes catalyse the release of fatty acids from lysophospholipids and are capable ''in vitro'' of hydrolyzing all phospholipids extractable from yeast cells.
Cytosolic phospholipase A
2 associates with natural membranes in response to physiological increases in Ca
2+ and selectively hydrolyses arachidonyl phospholipids,
the aligned region corresponds the carboxy-terminal Ca
2+-independent catalytic domain of the protein as discussed in.
The
systematic name A systematic name is a name given in a systematic way to one unique group, organism, object or chemical substance, out of a specific population or collection. Systematic names are usually part of a nomenclature.
A semisystematic name or semitrivial ...
of this enzyme class is 2-lysophosphatidylcholine acylhydrolase. Other names in common use include lecithinase B, lysolecithinase, phospholipase B, lysophosphatidase, lecitholipase, phosphatidase B, lysophosphatidylcholine hydrolase, lysophospholipase A1, lysophopholipase L2, lysophospholipase transacylase, neuropathy target esterase, NTE, NTE-LysoPLA, and NTE-lysophospholipase. This enzyme participates in
glycerophospholipid metabolism.
Examples
Human genes encoding proteins that contain this domain include:
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PLA2G4A,
PLA2G4B,
PLA2G4C,
PLA2G4D,
PLA2G4E,
PLA2G4F
See also
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Charcot-Leyden crystals
References
Further reading
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EC 3.1.1
Enzymes of known structure
{{3.1-enzyme-stub