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Loreleia Roseopallida
''Loreleia'' is a genus of brightly colored agarics in the Hymenochaetales that have an omphalinoid morphology. They inhabit mosses and or liverworts on soil in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Phylogenetically related agarics are in the genera ''Contumyces'', ''Gyroflexus'', ''Rickenella'', ''Cantharellopsis'' and ''Blasiphalia'', as well as the stipitate- stereoid genera ''Muscinupta'' and ''Cotylidia'' and the clavaroid genus, '' Alloclavaria''. However, the large number of DNA base-pair changes causes a long-branch to form in phylogenetic analyses depicted as cladograms. In the field, to the eye, ''Loreleia'' is most similar to ''Rickenella'' because of the orangish colors and omphalinoid shape, but microscopically it differs by the absence of cystidia that in ''Rickenella'' make the latter minutely fuzzy as seen with a hand lens. ''Loreleia'' penetrates the rhizoids of liverworts and may form a type of symbiosis with them, but in axenic culture tests, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungi
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Contumyces
''Contumyces'' is a genus of brightly colored possibly bryophilous or graminicolous agarics in the Hymenochaetales. They have an omphalinoid morphology, and therefore were previously classified in ''Omphalina''http://perso.orange.fr/famm/Photos/Bull27/Contumyces%20vesuviana.htmhttps://web.archive.org/web/20071008085851/http://micologia.net/g3/Omphalina-rosella/Omphalina_rosella_asieThey inhabit mossy or grassy silty or sandy soils in the Northern Hemisphere. Phylogenetically related agarics are in the genera ''Rickenella'', '' Gyroflexus'', ''Loreleia'', '' Cantharellopsis'' and ''Blasiphalia'', as well as the stipitate-stereoid genera '' Muscinupta'' and '' Cotylidia'' and clavarioid genus, ''Alloclavaria''. ''Contumyces'' is most similar to ''Rickenella'' and ''Blasiphalia'' and differs by having its cystidia on the cap, stipe, and hymenium in clusters, whereas in ''Rickenella'' and ''Blasiphalia'' the cystidia are solitary. Etymology ''Contumyces'' is named after the contemp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cystidia
A cystidium (plural cystidia) is a relatively large cell found on the sporocarp of a basidiomycete (for example, on the surface of a mushroom gill), often between clusters of basidia. Since cystidia have highly varied and distinct shapes that are often unique to a particular species or genus, they are a useful micromorphological characteristic in the identification of basidiomycetes. In general, the adaptive significance of cystidia is not well understood. Classification of cystidia By position Cystidia may occur on the edge of a lamella (or analogous hymenophoral structure) (cheilocystidia), on the face of a lamella (pleurocystidia), on the surface of the cap (dermatocystidia or pileocystidia), on the margin of the cap (circumcystidia) or on the stipe (caulocystidia). Especially the pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia are important for identification within many genera. Sometimes the cheilocystidia give the gill edge a distinct colour which is visible to the naked eye or wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladogram
A cladogram (from Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an evolutionary tree because it does not show how ancestors are related to descendants, nor does it show how much they have changed, so many differing evolutionary trees can be consistent with the same cladogram. A cladogram uses lines that branch off in different directions ending at a clade, a group of organisms with a last common ancestor. There are many shapes of cladograms but they all have lines that branch off from other lines. The lines can be traced back to where they branch off. These branching off points represent a hypothetical ancestor (not an actual entity) which can be inferred to exhibit the traits shared among the terminal taxa above it. This hypothetical ancestor might then provide clues about the order of evolution of various features, adaptation, and other evolutionary narratives about ance ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylogenetic
In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups of organisms. These relationships are determined by Computational phylogenetics, phylogenetic inference methods that focus on observed heritable traits, such as DNA sequences, protein amino acid sequences, or morphology. The result of such an analysis is a phylogenetic tree—a diagram containing a hypothesis of relationships that reflects the evolutionary history of a group of organisms. The tips of a phylogenetic tree can be living taxa or fossils, and represent the "end" or the present time in an evolutionary lineage. A phylogenetic diagram can be rooted or unrooted. A rooted tree diagram indicates the hypothetical common ancestor of the tree. An unrooted tree diagram (a network) makes no assumption about the ancestral line, and does ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Base-pair
A base pair (bp) is a fundamental unit of double-stranded nucleic acids consisting of two nucleobases bound to each other by hydrogen bonds. They form the building blocks of the DNA double helix and contribute to the folded structure of both DNA and RNA. Dictated by specific hydrogen bonding patterns, "Watson–Crick" (or "Watson–Crick–Franklin") base pairs (guanine–cytosine and adenine–thymine) allow the DNA helix to maintain a regular helical structure that is subtly dependent on its nucleotide sequence. The Complementarity (molecular biology), complementary nature of this based-paired structure provides a redundant copy of the genetic information encoded within each strand of DNA. The regular structure and data redundancy provided by the DNA double helix make DNA well suited to the storage of genetic information, while base-pairing between DNA and incoming nucleotides provides the mechanism through which DNA polymerase replicates DNA and RNA polymerase transcribes DNA in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alloclavaria
''Alloclavaria'' is a clavarioid genus in the Hymenochaetales recently segregated from ''Clavaria'' by molecular analysis. Phylogenetically related fungi are in the agaricoid genera '' Rickenella'', '' Contumyces'', '' Gyroflexus'', '' Loreleia'', '' Cantharellopsis'' and '' Blasiphalia'', as well as the stipitate stereoid genera '' Cotylidia'' and '' Muscinupta''. The only species as yet placed in ''Alloclavaria'' is the type, formerly known as ''Clavaria purpurea'' under which name it is often cited or illustratehttp://www.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/fungi/basidiomycotina/cantharellales/clavariaceae/clavaria/purpurea-1.jpg]. It is suspected, via circumstantial evidence, i.e. habitat, but not proven, that ''Alloclavaria'' is mycorrhizal. Etymology Alloclavaria means "the other ''Clavaria''", a reference to the fact it was segregated from ''Clavaria'' which was shown to be a member of the Agaricales through phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cotylidia
''Cotylidia'' is a fungal genus characterized by small to moderately sized, white to palely yet brightly colored, stalked, fan-shaped to funnel-shaped fruit bodiehttps://web.archive.org/web/20070821184454/http://www.fungaljungal.org/family_pages/Cotylidia.htm] with a smooth to wrinkled hymenium, tissues composed of monomitic hyphae, basidia producing smooth, nonamyloid spores, the absence of clamp connections, and bearing projecting cylindrical, thin-walled, hymenial cystidia. The genus is classified in the Hymenochaetales, however the type species, ''C. undulata'' has not yet been sequenced. Phylogenetically-related agaricoid fungi to the two species of ''Cotylidia'' thus far sequenced are in the genera ''Rickenella'', ''Contumyces'', '' Gyroflexus'', ''Loreleia'', '' Cantharellopsis'' and ''Blasiphalia'', and '' Muscinupta'' and the clavarioid genus, ''Alloclavaria''. The ecological status of ''Cotylidia'' remains unresolved. They fruit on soil or plant debris, sometimes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muscinupta
''Muscinupta'' is a fungal genus that produces small white delicate fan-shaped to cupulate fruitbodies on mosses. It is monotypic In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispec ..., containing the single species ''Muscinupta laevis''. The type species is better known under the name ''Cyphellostereum laeve'' but '' Cyphellostereum'' is a basidiolichen. Etymology The name ''Muscinupta'' refers to both its moss host and an allusion to the marriage of the fungus with the moss together with its veil-like properties on the moss. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q6940264 Fungi of Europe Fungi of North America Repetobasidiaceae Monotypic Basidiomycota genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stereum
''Stereum'' is the type genus of the Stereaceae family of fungi, in the Russulales order. Until recently, the genus was classified in the Corticiaceae family, of the Corticiales order. However, it was given its own family as a result of the split-up of the Corticiales. Common names for species of this genus include leaf fungus, wax fungus, and shelf fungus. Fungi having a shape similar to a ''Stereum'' are said to have a stereoid shape. ''Stereum'' contains 27 species that have a widespread distribution. Habitat ''Stereum'' species are found to live on all kinds of deadwood or hardwood or dead leaves (they are therefore said to be saprobic). Sometimes they are also found on living leaves. Characteristics ''Stereum'' species are wood decay fungi. Their simple, shelving fruiting bodies have a smooth hymenium, lacking gills or tubes. Like most members or the family Stereaceae, ''Stereum'' fruiting bodies lack clamp connections and produce amyloid basidiospores. The species can be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stipe (mycology)
In mycology, a stipe () is the stem or stalk-like feature supporting the cap of a mushroom. Like all tissues of the mushroom other than the hymenium, the stipe is composed of sterile hyphal tissue. In many instances, however, the fertile hymenium extends down the stipe some distance. Fungi that have stipes are said to be stipitate. The evolutionary benefit of a stipe is generally considered to be in mediating spore dispersal. An elevated mushroom will more easily release its spores into wind currents or onto passing animals. Nevertheless, many mushrooms do not have stipes, including cup fungi, puffballs, earthstars, some polypores, jelly fungi, ergots, and smuts. It is often the case that features of the stipe are required to make a positive identification of a mushroom. Such distinguishing characters include: # the texture of the stipe (fibrous, brittle, chalky, leathery, firm, etc.) # whether it has remains of a partial veil (such as an annulus or cortina) or universal ve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blasiphalia
''Blasiphalia'' is a fungal genus in the family Repetobasidiaceae. A monotypic genus, it contains the honey colored omphalinoid agaricbr> ''Blasiphalia pseudogrisella'', which grows with the Marchantiophyta, liverwort genus ''Blasia''. Phylogenetically related agarics are in the genera ''Rickenella'', '' Gyroflexus'', ''Loreleia'', '' Cantharellopsis'' and '' Contumyces'', as well as the stipitate-stereoid genera '' Muscinupta'' and '' Cotylidia'' and clavarioid genus, ''Alloclavaria''. ''Blasiphalia'' is most similar to ''Rickenella'' and ''Contumyces'', and was only just recognized as a distinct genus in 2007 based upon molecular analysis. The fungus is unique in parasitizing ''Blasiaby forming clasping appresoria on its host's rhizoids. Its basidiospores also germinate on the host's gemmae and clasp them and therefore can be disseminated together with the gemmae. Etymology ''Blasiphalia'' is a nonsense, nontraditionally formulated name vaguely referring to the liverwort gen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
