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Longjumeau Party School
The Party School of the Russian Social Democratic Labour in Longjumeau (Russian: Партийная школа РСДРП в Лонжюмо) was the first official party school of the Bolshevik faction of the RSDLP which was established to educate and train future party cadres. It was situated in Longjumeau, some 20 km south of Paris, France. It was created in the Spring of 1911 in opposition to the Capri Party School which was run by the Vpered faction. The head master of the school was Vladimir Lenin. Among the prominent lecturers were Nikolai Semashko, Inessa Armand, Yuri Steklov, Grigoriy Zinoviev, Lev Kamenev, David Ryazanov, Charles Rappoport and later Anatoly Lunacharsky. Throughout the existence of the school, it had thirteen students and five volunteers. Among the notable students were Grigory Ordzhonikidze, Vasily Mantsev, Yakov Zevin, Alexander Dogadov, and Eduard Prukhnyak. The students were elected by local party committees in the Russian Empire, approved by the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolsheviks
The Bolsheviks (russian: Большевики́, from большинство́ ''bol'shinstvó'', 'majority'),; derived from ''bol'shinstvó'' (большинство́), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority". also known in English as the Bolshevists,. It signifies both Bolsheviks and adherents of Bolshevik policies. were a far-left, revolutionary Marxist faction founded by Vladimir Lenin that split with the Mensheviks from the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP), a revolutionary socialist political party formed in 1898, at its Second Party Congress in 1903. After forming their own party in 1912, the Bolsheviks took power during the October Revolution in the Russian Republic in November 1917, overthrowing the Provisional Government of Alexander Kerensky, and became the only ruling party in the subsequent Soviet Russia and later the Soviet Union. They considered themselves the leaders of the revolutionary proletariat of Russia. Their beli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anatoly Lunacharsky
Anatoly Vasilyevich Lunacharsky (russian: Анато́лий Васи́льевич Лунача́рский) (born Anatoly Aleksandrovich Antonov, – 26 December 1933) was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and the first Bolshevik Soviet People's Commissar (Narkompros) responsible for Ministry of Education as well as an active playwright, critic, essayist and journalist throughout his career. Background Lunacharsky was born on 23 or 24 November 1875 in Poltava, Ukraine (then part of the Russian Empire) as the illegitimate child of Alexander Antonov and Alexandra Lunacharskaya, née Rostovtseva. His mother was then married to statesman Vasily Lunacharsky, a nobleman of Polish origin, whence Anatoly's surname and patronym. She later divorced Vasily Lunacharsky and married Antonov, but Anatoly kept his former name. In 1890, at the age of 15, Lunacharsky became a Marxist. From 1894, he studied at the University of Zurich under Richard Avenarius for two years without taking a deg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Educational Institutions Established In 1911
Education is a purposeful activity directed at achieving certain aims, such as transmitting knowledge or fostering skills and character traits. These aims may include the development of understanding, rationality, kindness, and honesty. Various researchers emphasize the role of critical thinking in order to distinguish education from indoctrination. Some theorists require that education results in an improvement of the student while others prefer a value-neutral definition of the term. In a slightly different sense, education may also refer, not to the process, but to the product of this process: the mental states and dispositions possessed by educated people. Education History of education, originated as the transmission of cultural heritage from one generation to the next. Today, educational aims and objectives, educational goals increasingly encompass new ideas such as the Philosophy of education#Critical theory, liberation of learners, 21st century skills, skills needed fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1911 Disestablishments In France
A notable ongoing event was the race for the South Pole. Events January * January 1 – A decade after federation, the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory are added to the Commonwealth of Australia. * January 3 ** 1911 Kebin earthquake: An earthquake of 7.7 moment magnitude strikes near Almaty in Russian Turkestan, killing 450 or more people. ** Siege of Sidney Street in London: Two Latvian anarchists die, after a seven-hour siege against a combined police and military force. Home Secretary Winston Churchill arrives to oversee events. * January 5 – Egypt's Zamalek SC is founded as a general sports and Association football club by Belgian lawyer George Merzbach as Qasr El Nile Club. * January 14 – Roald Amundsen's South Pole expedition makes landfall, on the eastern edge of the Ross Ice Shelf. * January 18 – Eugene B. Ely lands on the deck of the USS ''Pennsylvania'' stationed in San Francisco harbor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1911 Establishments In France
A notable ongoing event was the race for the South Pole. Events January * January 1 – A decade after federation, the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory are added to the Commonwealth of Australia. * January 3 ** 1911 Kebin earthquake: An earthquake of 7.7 moment magnitude strikes near Almaty in Russian Turkestan, killing 450 or more people. ** Siege of Sidney Street in London: Two Latvian anarchists die, after a seven-hour siege against a combined police and military force. Home Secretary Winston Churchill arrives to oversee events. * January 5 – Egypt's Zamalek SC is founded as a general sports and Association football club by Belgian lawyer George Merzbach as Qasr El Nile Club. * January 14 – Roald Amundsen's South Pole expedition makes landfall, on the eastern edge of the Ross Ice Shelf. * January 18 – Eugene B. Ely lands on the deck of the USS ''Pennsylvania'' stationed in San Francisco harbor, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Okhrana
The Department for Protecting the Public Security and Order (russian: Отделение по охранению общественной безопасности и порядка), usually called Guard Department ( rus, Охранное отделение, tr= okhrannoye otdelenie) and commonly abbreviated in modern English sources as Okhrana ( rus , Охрана, p=ɐˈxranə, a=Ru-охрана.ogg, t= the guard) was a secret-police force of the Russian Empire and part of the police department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) in the late 19th century and early 20th century, aided by the Special Corps of Gendarmes. Overview Formed to combat political terrorism and left-wing revolutionary activity, the Okhrana operated offices throughout the Russian Empire, as well as satellite agencies in a number of foreign countries. It concentrated on monitoring the activities of Russian revolutionaries abroad, including in Paris, where the Okhrana agent Pyotr Rachkovsky ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. The rise of the Russian Empire coincided with the decline of neighbouring rival powers: the Swedish Empire, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Qajar Iran, the Ottoman Empire, and Qing China. It also held colonies in North America between 1799 and 1867. Covering an area of approximately , it remains the third-largest empire in history, surpassed only by the British Empire and the Mongol Empire; it ruled over a population of 125.6 million people per the 1897 Russian census, which was the only census carried out during the entire imperial period. Owing to its geographic extent across three continents at its peak, it featured great ethnic, linguistic, religious, and economic diversity. From the 10th–17th centuries, the land ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edward Próchniak
Edward Próchniak (; 4 December 1888 in Puławy – 21 August 1937) was a leading Polish communist activist and one of the founders of the Communist Party of Poland. He joined the Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania in 1903. After the Russian Revolution he headed a department in the Polish Commissariat of the People's Commissariat for Nationalities in Russia and was a member of the Polish Section of the Bolshevik Party. From 1921 to 1924 he represented the Communist Party of Poland (KPP) Central Committee on the executive of the Communist International, and was a member of the Comintern executive 1922–37, and of its Presidium in 1925–30. As a member of the politburo of the KPP in 1936–37, Próchniak was summoned from Paris to Moscow in July 1937 and arrested on 8 July 1937 by the NKVD. He was imprisoned initially in the Lubyanka prison, and then interrogated in Butyrek, where he had been a prisoner in Czarist times. Despite severe torture, he alleged ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Dogadov
Alexander Ivanovich Dogadov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Ива́нович Дога́дов; 20 August 1888, Kazan Governorate — October 26, 1937, Moscow) was a Russian Soviet statesman, Communist Party official and trade union leader who was the First Secretary of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions. Biography Born in to a working-class family in Kazan, he worked as metal worker. In 1905 he became a member of the Kazan committee of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party and became a member of the Bolshevik combat organization. Dogadov was leader of the Kazan Metal Workers' Union and participated in the 1905 Russian Revolution and was later arrested in 1907. He then moved to Baku and was active inthr Bolshevik circles of the Caucasus. In 1910 he was sent to France and was student in the Longjumeau Party School and after the end of his studies he returned to Kazan and became a delegate to the 6th Conference of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in Pragu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yakov Zevin
Yakov Davidovich Zevin (1888–1918) was a Communist activist and one of the Bolshevik Party leaders in Azerbaijan during the Russian Revolution. Zevin was born in Krasnapolle, a town in nowadays Mahilyow Voblast, Belarus. He became a member of Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1904 and he was arrested several times for conducting revolutionary activities. He was a delegate in the 6th (Prague) conference of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1912, where he represented the group of Mensheviks. After the conference he became close to the Bolshevik positions. In 1915 he was a member of the Baku committee of Bolsheviks. After the February Revolution of 1917 he worked in the Moscow council of working deputies. Zevin became one of the 26 Baku Commissars (he was the Commissar of Labor) of the Soviet Commune that was established in the city after the October Revolution. When the Commune was toppled by the Centro Caspian Dictatorship, a British-backed coalition of Dashnak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vasiliy Mantsev
Vasiliy Nikolaevich Mantsev (Russian: Василий Николаевич Манцев; 1889 – 19 August 1938) was a Russian revolutionary and high-ranking official of the Cheka. Early career Mantsev was born in Moscow into a large family of Old Believers. His father was an office worker. He studied law at Moscow University, but did not graduate. He was active in the 1905 Revolution, joining the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1906. After several arrests he was sent into internal exile, but in 1911 he escaped from Vladimir to France, and was a pupil at the school for revolutionaries that Vladimir Lenin had set up in Longjumeau. He returned to Moscow illegally in 1913, and was again arrested and exiled to Vologda Oblast. In 1916, he was called up for the Imperial Army. Career from 1917 At the time of the February Revolution, Mantsev's infantry regiment was based in Rostov, in Yaroslavl province where he was elected to the Rostov Soviet. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sergo Ordzhonikidze
Sergo Konstantinovich Ordzhonikidze,, ; russian: Серго Константинович Орджоникидзе, Sergo Konstantinovich Ordzhonikidze) born Grigol Konstantines dze Orjonikidze, russian: Григорий Константинович Орджоникидзе (18 February 1937), was a Georgian Bolshevik and Soviet politician. Born and raised in Georgia, Ordzhonikidze joined the Bolsheviks at an early age and quickly rose within the ranks to become an important figure within the group. Arrested and imprisoned several times by the Russian police, he was in Siberian exile when the February Revolution began in 1917. Returning from exile, Ordzhonikidze took part in the October Revolution that brought the Bolsheviks to power. During the subsequent Civil War he played an active role as the leading Bolshevik in the Caucasus, overseeing the invasions of Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia. He backed their union into the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
