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Loekoesia
''Loekoesia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains three species of saxicolous lichen, saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens. Collectively, the genus occurs in South Korea, Mauritius, and the United States. The genus is distinguished by its grey, crust-like thallus, which can be either whole or divided into patch-like segments. ''Loekoesia'' lichens have bright white, rounded soralia, which produce bluish to whitish powdery propagules (soredia) and are arranged in irregular groups on the thallus. Taxonomy ''Loekoesia'' was circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed as a new genus in 2015 by the lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk, Soon-Ok Oh, and Jae-Seoun Hur. The type species, ''Loekoesia austrocoreana'', was shown with molecular phylogenetics to form a clade with ''Jasonhuria'', another genus in the subfamily Caloplacoideae that was also circumscribed in the same publication. It was initially the sole species in the then monotypic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loekoesia Apostatica
''Loekoesia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains three species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens. Collectively, the genus occurs in South Korea, Mauritius, and the United States. The genus is distinguished by its grey, crust-like thallus, which can be either whole or divided into patch-like segments. ''Loekoesia'' lichens have bright white, rounded soralia, which produce bluish to whitish powdery propagules ( soredia) and are arranged in irregular groups on the thallus. Taxonomy ''Loekoesia'' was circumscribed as a new genus in 2015 by the lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk, Soon-Ok Oh, and Jae-Seoun Hur. The type species, '' Loekoesia austrocoreana'', was shown with molecular phylogenetics to form a clade with ''Jasonhuria'', another genus in the subfamily Caloplacoideae that was also circumscribed in the same publication. It was initially the sole species in the then monotypic genus, but two additional species were trans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loekoesia Austrocoreana
''Loekoesia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains three species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens. Collectively, the genus occurs in South Korea, Mauritius, and the United States. The genus is distinguished by its grey, crust-like thallus, which can be either whole or divided into patch-like segments. ''Loekoesia'' lichens have bright white, rounded soralia, which produce bluish to whitish powdery propagules ( soredia) and are arranged in irregular groups on the thallus. Taxonomy ''Loekoesia'' was circumscribed as a new genus in 2015 by the lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk, Soon-Ok Oh, and Jae-Seoun Hur. The type species, '' Loekoesia austrocoreana'', was shown with molecular phylogenetics to form a clade with ''Jasonhuria'', another genus in the subfamily Caloplacoideae that was also circumscribed in the same publication. It was initially the sole species in the then monotypic genus, but two additional species were trans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loekoesia Yuchiorum
''Loekoesia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains three species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens. Collectively, the genus occurs in South Korea, Mauritius, and the United States. The genus is distinguished by its grey, crust-like thallus, which can be either whole or divided into patch-like segments. ''Loekoesia'' lichens have bright white, rounded soralia, which produce bluish to whitish powdery propagules ( soredia) and are arranged in irregular groups on the thallus. Taxonomy ''Loekoesia'' was circumscribed as a new genus in 2015 by the lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk, Soon-Ok Oh, and Jae-Seoun Hur. The type species, ''Loekoesia austrocoreana'', was shown with molecular phylogenetics to form a clade with ''Jasonhuria'', another genus in the subfamily Caloplacoideae that was also circumscribed in the same publication. It was initially the sole species in the then monotypic genus, but two additional species were transf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jasonhuria
''Jasonhuria'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It is monotypic, containing only the species ''Jasonhuria bogilana''. This species is a saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen that occurs in South Korea. Taxonomy The type specimen of the lichen species was collected in South Jeolla Province within Wando County, on Bogil Island. It was found at a low elevation, just above sea level, growing on a rock. Yogesh Joshi and Jae-Seoun Hur formally described this lichen in 2010; they classified it as a member of genus ''Caloplaca''. In 2015, Sergey Kondratyuk, László Lőkös, and Soon-Ok Oh proposed genus ''Jasonhuria'' because molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that ''Caloplaca bogilana'' formed a clade with the genus '' Loekoesia'', albeit with weak support. This led to the decision to establish two separate monotypic genera. The authors also noted that additional preliminary analyses had identified numerous previously unrecognised species ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teloschistaceae
The Teloschistaceae are a large family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. The family, estimated to contain over 1800 species, was extensively revised in 2013, including the creation or resurrection of 31 genera. It contains three subfamilies: Xanthorioideae, Caloplacoideae, and Teloschistoideae. A fourth subfamily, Brownlielloideae, proposed in 2015, has been shown to be part of the Teloschistoideae. Genera This is a list of the genera contained within the Teloschistaceae, based on a 2020 review and summary of ascomycete classification. Following the genus name is the taxonomic authority, year of publication, and the number of species: *'' Amundsenia'' – 2 spp. *'' Andina'' - 1 sp. *'' Apatoplaca'' – 1 sp. *'' Aridoplaca'' - 1 sp. *'' Athallia'' – 17 spp. *'' Austroplaca'' – 10 spp. *'' Blastenia'' – 11 spp. *'' Brownliella'' – 4 spp. *'' Bryoplaca'' – 3 spp. *'' Calogaya'' – 19 spp. *'' Calop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
László Sándor Lőkös
László Sándor Lőkös is a Hungarian lichenologist and curator of the lichen collection of the Hungarian Natural History Museum in Budapest. Education and personal life He studied at Eötvös Loránd University public research university in Budapest, gaining a master's degree in 1983 with his thesis titled ''Atomic absorption analysis of heavy metal contents of lichens transplanted in Budapest'' supervised by Klára Verseghy. He was awarded his doctorate in 2005 by University of Pécs. He is married to Edit Éva Farkas, who is also a lichenologist. They have two children together. Research career He worked in the botany department of the University of Veterinary Science, Budapest, for two years (1983–1985). For most of his career, he has been curator of the lichen collection in the Botanical Department of the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, after the retirement of Klára Verseghy. After attending and presenting work at the 14th International Botanical Cong ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species Fungorum
''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (scientific names) in the fungus kingdom. the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partners along with Landcare Research and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is somewhat comparable to the International Plant Names Index (IPNI), in which the Royal Botanic Gardens is also involved. A difference is that where IPNI does not indicate correct names, the ''Index Fungorum'' does indicate the status of a name. In the returns from the search page a currently correct name is indicated in green, while others are in blue (a few, aberrant usages of names are indicated in red). All names are linked to pages giving the correct name, with lists of synonyms. ''Index Fungorum'' is one of three nomenclatural repositories recognized by the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi; the others are ''MycoBank'' and ''Fungal Names''. Current names in ''Index Fungorum'' (''Specie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atranorin
Atranorin is a chemical substance produced by some species of lichen. It is a secondary metabolite belonging to a group of compounds known as depsides. Atranorin has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic, antioxidant, antiviral, and immunomodulatory properties. In rare cases, people can react allergic Allergies, also known as allergic diseases, refer a number of conditions caused by the hypersensitivity of the immune system to typically harmless substances in the environment. These diseases include hay fever, food allergies, atopic derma ... to atranorin. References Further reading * * * * Polyphenols Lichen products {{organic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
P-Phenylenediamine
''p''-Phenylenediamine (PPD) is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(NH2)2. This derivative of aniline is a white solid, but samples can darken due to air oxidation. It is mainly used as a component of engineering polymers and composites like kevlar. It is also an ingredient in hair dyes and is occasionally used as a substitute for henna. Production PPD is produced via three routes. Most commonly, 4-nitrochlorobenzene is treated with ammonia and the resulting 4-nitroaniline is then hydrogenated: :ClC6H4NO2 + 2 NH3 → H2NC6H4NO2 + NH4Cl :H2NC6H4NO2 + 3 H2 → H2NC6H4NH2 + 2 H2O In the DuPont route, aniline is converted to diphenyltriazine, which is then converted by acid-catalysis to 4-aminoazobenzene. Hydrogenation of the latter affords PPD.Robert A. Smiley "Phenylene- and Toluenediamines" in ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'', 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. Uses Precursor to polymers PPD is a precursor to aramid plastics and fibers such as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spot Test (lichen)
A spot test in lichenology is a spot analysis used to help identify lichens. It is performed by placing a drop of a chemical on different parts of the lichen and noting the colour change (or lack thereof) associated with application of the chemical. The tests are routinely encountered in dichotomous keys for lichen species, and they take advantage of the wide array of lichen products produced by lichens and their uniqueness among taxa. As such, spot tests reveal the presence or absence of chemicals in various parts of a lichen. They were first proposed by the botanist William Nylander in 1866. Three common spot tests use either 10% aqueous KOH solution (K test), saturated aqueous solution of bleaching powder or calcium hypochlorite (C test), or 5% alcoholic ''p''-phenylenediamine solution (P test). The colour changes occur due to presence of particular secondary metabolites in the lichen. There are several other less frequently used spot tests of more limited use that are employed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clade
A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, the equivalent Latin term ''cladus'' (plural ''cladi'') is often used in taxonomical literature. The common ancestor may be an individual, a population, or a species (extinct or extant). Clades are nested, one in another, as each branch in turn splits into smaller branches. These splits reflect evolutionary history as populations diverged and evolved independently. Clades are termed monophyletic (Greek: "one clan") groups. Over the last few decades, the cladistic approach has revolutionized biological classification and revealed surprising evolutionary relationships among organisms. Increasingly, taxonomists try to avoid naming taxa that are not clades; that is, taxa that are not monophyletic. Some of the relationships between organisms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypha
A hypha (; ) is a long, branching, filamentous structure of a fungus, oomycete, or actinobacterium. In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium. Structure A hypha consists of one or more cells surrounded by a tubular cell wall. In most fungi, hyphae are divided into cells by internal cross-walls called "septa" (singular septum). Septa are usually perforated by pores large enough for ribosomes, mitochondria, and sometimes nuclei to flow between cells. The major structural polymer in fungal cell walls is typically chitin, in contrast to plants and oomycetes that have cellulosic cell walls. Some fungi have aseptate hyphae, meaning their hyphae are not partitioned by septa. Hyphae have an average diameter of 4–6 µm. Growth Hyphae grow at their tips. During tip growth, cell walls are extended by the external assembly and polymerization of cell wall components, and the internal production of new cell membrane. The S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
