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List Of Longest Tunnels
This list of longest tunnels ranks tunnels that are at least long. Only continuous tunnels are included. Pipelines, even those that are buried, are excluded. The longest tunnels have been constructed for water distribution, followed by tunnels for railways. __TOC__ World's longest tunnels (in use) World's longest tunnels (under construction) World's longest tunnels (advanced planning stage) World's longest tunnels (abandoned) See also * List of long tunnels by type – contains separate tables for railroad, subway, vehicular, bicycle, water/aquaducts, and also for different building techniques * List of deepest caves * List of deepest mines * Lists of tunnels *List of longest railway tunnels ** List of long railway tunnels in China * List of longest subway tunnel sections * List of longest bridges Notes References {{Portal bar, Transport *Length Tunnels Tunnels Tunnels A tunnel is an underground passageway, dug through surrounding soil, earth or roc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scania
Scania, also known by its native name of Skåne (, ), is the southernmost of the historical provinces of Sweden, provinces (''landskap'') of Sweden. Located in the south tip of the geographical region of Götaland, the province is roughly conterminous with Skåne County, created in 1997. Like the other former provinces of Sweden, Scania still features in colloquial speech and in cultural references, and can therefore not be regarded as an archaic concept. Within Scania there are 33 municipalities of Sweden, municipalities that are autonomous within the Skåne Regional Council. Scania's largest urban areas of Sweden, city, Malmö, is the third-largest city in Sweden, as well as the fifth-largest in Scandinavia. To the north, Scania borders the former provinces of Halland and Småland, to the northeast Blekinge, to the east and south the Baltic Sea, and to the west Öresund. Since 2000, a road and railway bridge, the Öresund Bridge, bridges the Öresund, Sound and connects Scania ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Line 3 (Guangzhou Metro)
Line 3 of the Guangzhou Metro is a rapid transit line connects to . The entire line, including all track and stations, is located in tunnels. Its main branch, excluding the branch between Tianhe Coach Terminal and Tiyu Xilu, is now the second longest continuous subway tunnel in the world, and the longest rail tunnel of any kind (surpassing the Gotthard Base Tunnel in Switzerland). Line 3 is split into two sections, Shiqiao line (main line, from Panyu Square to Tianhe Coach Terminal) and Airport line (northern branch, Tiyu Xilu to Airport North), and are branded with the colour orange. The line is extremely congested, with numerous sections officially operating over 100% capacity. The line uses Seltrac S40 communications-based train control from Alcatel. History Initial Section Line 3 started out as a short peripheral line in Guangzhou's "Five-Line" subway masterplan in the early 1990s. It was envisioned as a north south circulator line for the Tianhe District's new ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guangzhou
Guangzhou (, ; ; or ; ), also known as Canton () and alternatively romanized as Kwongchow or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of Guangdong province in southern China. Located on the Pearl River about north-northwest of Hong Kong and north of Macau, Guangzhou has a history of over 2,200 years and was a major terminus of the maritime Silk Road; it continues to serve as a major port and transportation hub as well as being one of China's three largest cities. For a long time, the only Chinese port accessible to most foreign traders, Guangzhou was captured by the British during the First Opium War. No longer enjoying a monopoly after the war, it lost trade to other ports such as Hong Kong and Shanghai, but continued to serve as a major transshipment port. Due to a high urban population and large volumes of port traffic, Guangzhou is classified as a Large-Port Megacity, the largest type of port-city in the world. Due to worldwide travel restrictions at the beginni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Line 18 (Guangzhou Metro)
Line 18 of the Guangzhou Metro () is a rapid transit express line in Guangzhou with trains operating up to . It will run in a south-north direction, connecting Wanqingsha in Nansha District, in Panyu District, in Haizhu District, Zhujiang New Town and in Tianhe District. The line commenced service on 28 September 2021. Currently, there are train attendants on board each train. In the future, trains will operate fully driverless GoA4 mode when sufficient reliability from the signaling system has been confirmed. Summary Phase 1 The line, roughly north-south, connects in Nansha District with , with only seven stations in between, , , , , , , . The line is an express subway line using 8-car Type D trains with an operating speed of . This high speed can be sustained especially on the section between Panyu Square and Hengli stations. The service between Wanqingsha and Xiancun was opened on 28 September 2021. There are 2 distinct stopping patterns operating, facilitated by pas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Water Management In Greater Mexico City
Greater Mexico City (''Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México''), a metropolitan area with more than 19 million inhabitants including Mexico's capital (''Ciudad de México'', or CDMX) with about 9 million inhabitants, faces tremendous water challenges. These include groundwater overexploitation, land subsidence, the risk of major flooding, the impacts of increasing urbanization, poor water quality, inefficient water use, a low share of wastewater treatment, health concerns about the reuse of wastewater in agriculture, and limited cost recovery. Overcoming these challenges is complicated by fragmented responsibilities for water management in Greater Mexico City: * The Federal government is in charge of regulating the use of water resources, contributing to the financing of investments and supplying bulk water from other basins through the National Water Commission Conagua; * The State of Mexico provides bulk water, treats wastewater and assists municipalities in providing water and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mexico City
Mexico City ( es, link=no, Ciudad de México, ; abbr.: CDMX; Nahuatl: ''Altepetl Mexico'') is the capital and largest city of Mexico, and the most populous city in North America. One of the world's alpha cities, it is located in the Valley of Mexico within the high Mexican central plateau, at an altitude of . The city has 16 boroughs or ''demarcaciones territoriales'', which are in turn divided into neighborhoods or ''colonias''. The 2020 population for the city proper was 9,209,944, with a land area of . According to the most recent definition agreed upon by the federal and state governments, the population of Greater Mexico City is 21,804,515, which makes it the sixth-largest metropolitan area in the world, the second-largest urban agglomeration in the Western Hemisphere (behind São Paulo, Brazil), and the largest Spanish language, Spanish-speaking city (city proper) in the world. Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product, GDP of $411 billion in 2011, which makes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tunel Emisor Oriente
The Emisor Oriente Tunnel, also known as the Tunel Emisor Oriente, Eastern Discharge Tunnel, Eastern Wastewater Tunnel, and East Issuing Tunnel, is a wastewater treatment tunnel in Mexico City, Mexico. At , it is the eighth longest tunnel in the world. It was constructed between 2008 and 2019 using a tunnel boring machine. Serving a population of 20 million, it runs from Mexico City to the Atotonilco Wastewater Treatment Plant in Hidalgo state. It runs at a maximum depth of 200 meters (656 Feet) below ground level and has a discharge capacity of 150 m3/s. This tunnel will help prevent flooding and serves as an alternate exit for the Emisor Central, another drainage tunnel. In order to prevent collapse, the tunnel is constructed using a lining with segmental rings made of concrete and steel. The estimated cost for the tunnel was 15 billion pesos The peso is the monetary unit of several countries in the Americas, and the Philippines. Originating in the Spanish Empire, the wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wastewater
Wastewater is water generated after the use of freshwater, raw water, drinking water or saline water in a variety of deliberate applications or processes. Another definition of wastewater is "Used water from any combination of domestic, industrial, commercial or agricultural activities, surface runoff / storm water, and any sewer inflow or sewer infiltration". In everyday usage, wastewater is commonly a synonym for sewage (also called sewerage, domestic wastewater, or municipal wastewater), which is wastewater that is produced by a community of people. As a generic term wastewater may also be used to describe water containing contaminants accumulated in other settings, such as: * Industrial wastewater: waterborne waste generated from a variety of industrial processes, such as manufacturing operations, mineral extraction, power generation, or water and wastewater treatment. ** Cooling water, released with potential thermal pollution after use to condense steam or reduce machi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azad Kashmir
Azad Jammu and Kashmir (; ), abbreviated as AJK and colloquially referred to as simply Azad Kashmir, is a region administered by Pakistan as a nominally self-governing entitySee: * * * and constituting the western portion of the larger Kashmir region, which has been the subject of a dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947.The application of the term "administered" to the various regions of Kashmir and a mention of the Kashmir dispute is supported by the tertiary sources (a) and (b), reflecting due weight in the coverage: (a) (subscription required) Quote: "Kashmir, region of the northwestern Indian subcontinent ... has been the subject of dispute between India and Pakistan since the partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947. The northern and western portions are administered by Pakistan and comprise two areas: Azad Kashmir, Gilgit- Baltistan, the last being part of a territory called the Northern Areas. Administered by India are the southern and southeastern por ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muzaffarabad
Muzaffarabad (; ur, ) is the capital and largest city of Azad Kashmir, and the 60th largest in Pakistan. The city is located in Muzaffarabad District, near the confluence of the Jhelum and Neelum rivers. The district is bounded by the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in the west, the Kupwara and Baramulla districts of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir in the east, and the Neelum District in the north. History Muzaffarabad was founded in 1646 by Sultan Muzaffar Khan, chief of the Bomba tribe who ruled Kashmir. Khan also constructed the Red Fort that same year for the purpose of warding off incursions from the Mughal Empire. 2005 earthquake The city was near the epicenter of the 2005 Kashmir earthquake, which had a magnitude of 7.6 Mw. The earthquake destroyed about 50% of the buildings in the city (including most government buildings) and is estimated to have killed up to 80,000 people in the Pakistani-controlled areas. , the Pakistani government's offi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neelum–Jhelum Hydropower Plant
The Neelum–Jhelum Hydropower Plant was part of a run-of-the-river hydroelectric power scheme in azad Kashmir Pakistan, designed to divert water from the Neelum River to a power station on the Jhelum River. The power station is located south of Muzaffarabad, and has an installed capacity of 969 MW. Construction on the project began in 2008 after a Chinese consortium was awarded the construction contract in July 2007. After delay of many years, the first generator was commissioned in April 2018 and the entire project was completed in August 2018 when the fourth and last unit was synchronized with the national grid on 13 August and attained its maximum generation capacity of 969 MW on 14 August 2018. It will generate 5,150 GWh (gigawatt hour) per year at the levelised tariff of Rs 13.50 per unit for 30 years. The plant had managed to reach 1040 MW production on a few occasions, which is beyond its capacity and a rare precedence in hydel power sector. Background After being approved ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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