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List Of Partitions Of Traditional Japanese Architecture
Traditional Japanese architecture uses post-and-lintel structures – vertical posts, connected by horizontal beams. Rafters are traditionally the only structural member used in Japanese timber framing that is neither horizontal nor vertical. The rest of the structure is non-load-bearing. While fixed walls are used, a variety of movable partitions are also used to fill the spaces between the pillars. They may be free-standing, hung from lintels, or, especially in later buildings, sliding panels which can readily be removed from their grooves. Their type, number, and position is adjusted according to the weather without and the activities within. They are used to modify the view, light, temperature, humidity, and ventilation, and to divide the interior space.Formal Audience Hall (Shoin)< ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Architecture
has been typified by wooden structures, elevated slightly off the ground, with tiled or thatched roofs. Sliding doors (''fusuma'') and other traditional partitions were used in place of walls, allowing the internal configuration of a space to be customized for different occasions. People usually sat on cushions or otherwise on the floor, traditionally; chairs and high tables were not widely used until the 20th century. Since the 19th century, however, Japan has incorporated much of Western, modern, and post-modern architecture into construction and design, and is today a leader in cutting-edge architectural design and technology. The earliest Japanese architecture was seen in prehistoric times in simple pit-houses and stores adapted to the needs of a hunter-gatherer population. Influence from Han dynasty China via Korea saw the introduction of more complex grain stores and ceremonial burial chambers. The introduction of Buddhism in Japan during the sixth century was a cat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sukiya Style
is one type of Japanese residential architectural style. ''Suki'' means refined, well cultivated taste and delight in elegant pursuits and refers to enjoyment of the exquisitely performed tea ceremony. The word originally denoted a building in which tea ceremony was done (known as a ''chashitsu'') and was associated with ''ikebana'' flower arranging, and other Japanese traditional arts. It has come to indicate a style of designing public facilities and private homes based on tea house aesthetics. Historically and by tradition, ''sukiya-zukuri'' is characterised by a use of natural materials, especially wood. In contemporary architecture, its formal and spatial concepts are kept alive in modern materials such as steel, glass and concrete. Origins In 1587, Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1536–98) employed the tea master Sen no Rikyū as his advisor on aesthetic matters. In the compound of Hideyoshi's imposing Jurakudai castle in Kyoto Rikyū designed an eighteen mat building known as the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maira-do
Traditional Japanese architecture uses post-and-lintel structures – vertical posts, connected by horizontal beams. Rafters are traditionally the only structural member used in Japanese timber framing that is neither horizontal nor vertical. The rest of the structure is non-load-bearing. While fixed walls are used, a variety of movable partitions are also used to fill the spaces between the pillars. They may be free-standing, hung from lintels, or, especially in later buildings, sliding panels which can readily be removed from their grooves. Their type, number, and position is adjusted according to the weather without and the activities within. They are used to modify the view, light, temperature, humidity, and ventilation, and to divide the interior space.Formal Audience Hall (Shoin) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hajitomi
''Shitomi'' (蔀), also called hajitomi (半蔀) are square-lattice shutters or doors found on older-style Japanese buildings. They are characteristic of the Shinden style, and the Heian Period (794-1185). They were used in aristocrats' palaces, and more rarely occur in temple buildings. They were replaced by sliding panels in the Shoin style. They are usually split and hinged horizontally; when open, the upper shutter was held up at 90 degrees to the wall with hooks, and the lower half could either be lifted out or folded parallel to the upper shutter. This allows the entire wall to be removed, leaving only the pillars. They are occasionally referenced in modern architecture. Extant examples *Ujigami Shrine *Osaka Temmangu Shrine *Kinkaku-ji *Ninna-ji *Hōryū-ji Gallery File:G323-HR07-sd2.jpg, Hook for suspending upper half. File:G353-41JR-08.jpg, Shitomi, with only the top half opened. There are shōji behind. File:G322-HR07-14.jpg, Hajitomi are split, and hinged, horizontall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shoin Style
is a style of Japanese residential architecture used in the mansions of the military, temple guest halls, and Zen abbot's quarters of the Muromachi (1336－1573), Azuchi–Momoyama (1568–1600) and Edo periods (1600–1868). It forms the basis of today's traditional-style Japanese house. Characteristics of the development were the incorporation of square posts and floors completely covered with ''tatami''.Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan, entry for "shoin-zukuri". The style takes its name from the , a term that originally meant a study and a place for lectures on the sūtra within a temple, but which later came to mean just a drawing room or study. History The foundations for the design of today's traditional Japanese residential houses with tatami floors were established in the late Muromachi period (approximately 1338 to 1573) and refined during the ensuing Momoyama period. , a new architectural style influenced by Zen Buddhism, developed during that time from the of the ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fusuma
In Japanese architecture, are vertical rectangular panels which can slide from side to side to redefine spaces within a room, or act as doors. They typically measure about wide by tall, the same size as a ''tatami'' mat, and are thick. The heights of ''fusuma'' have increased in recent years due to an increase in average height of the Japanese population, and a height is now common. In older constructions, they are as small as high. They consist of a lattice-like wooden understructure covered in cardboard and a layer of paper or cloth on both sides. They typically have a black lacquer border and a round finger catch. Historically, ''fusuma'' were painted, often with scenes from nature such as mountains, forests or animals. Today, many feature plain mulberry paper, or have industrially-printed graphics of fans, autumn leaves, cherry blossom, trees, or geometric graphics. Patterns for children featuring popular characters can also be purchased. Both ''fusuma'' and ''shōj ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shinden Style
''Shinden-zukuri'' (寝殿造) refers to an architectural style created in the Heian period (794－1185) in Japan and used mainly for palaces and residences of nobles. In 894, Japan abolished the Japanese missions to Tang China, ''kentōshi'' (Japanese missions to Tang China), distanced itself from Chinese culture, and brought into bloom a culture called Kokufu bunka'' (lit., national culture), which was in keeping with the Japanese climate and aesthetic sense. This style was an expression of ''Kokufu bunka'' in architecture, clearly showing the uniqueness of Japanese architecture and defining the characteristics of later Japanese architecture. Its features include an open structure with few walls that can be opened and closed with doors, ''shitomi'' and ''sudare'', a structure in which people take off their shoes and enter the house on stilts, sitting or sleeping directly on ''tatami'' mats without using chairs or beds, a roof made of laminated Chamaecyparis obtusa, ''hinoki'' ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baldachin
A baldachin, or baldaquin (from it, baldacchino), is a canopy of state typically placed over an altar or throne. It had its beginnings as a cloth canopy, but in other cases it is a sturdy, permanent architectural feature, particularly over high altars in cathedrals, where such a structure is more correctly called a ciborium when it is sufficiently architectural in form. Baldachins are often supported on columns, especially when they are disconnected from an enclosing wall. A cloth of honour is a simpler cloth hanging vertically behind the throne, usually continuing to form a canopy. It can also be used for similar canopies in interior design, for example above beds, and for processional canopies used in formal state ceremonies such as coronations, held up by four or more men with poles attached to the corners of the cloth. "''Baldachin''" was originally a luxurious type of cloth from Baghdad, from which name the word is ultimately derived, appearing in English as "''baudekin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kichō
A is a portable multi-paneled silk partition supported by a T-pole. It came into use in aristocratic households during and following the Heian period (794–1185) in Japan when it became a standard piece of furniture. are similar in appearance to a , but are mounted on a free-standing stand rather than a lintel beam. They are less similar to , which do not include streamers to tie them up, and are generally used in different social settings. Construction The curtain or veil () hangs via ribbons or other decorative cording from the top crosspiece () which is supported by the vertical bars () which are supported by the pedestal at the base (). The fabric is generally in two layers: a plain silk back lining, and a fabric with a design on it facing outward. Colorful ribbons of fabric are generally hung in the center of each vertical panel on top of the outer fabric. The ribbons are held in place with a (traditionally) red decorative stitching which runs horizontally a little be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hisashi (architecture)
In Japanese architecture the term has two meanings: # As more commonly used, the term indicates the eaves of a roof, that is, the part along the edge of a roof projecting beyond the side of the building to provide protection against the weather. # The term is however also used in a more specialized sense to indicate the area surrounding the '' moya'' (the core of a building) either completely or on one, two, or three sides.Iwanami Japanese dictionary, 6th Edition (2008), DVD version It is common in ''Zen'' Buddhist temples where it is a 1 ''ken'' wide aisle-like area and at the same level as the ''moya''. Pagodas called ''tahōtō'' also have a ''hisashi''. Open corridors or verandas under extended or additional roofs are also sometimes referred to as ''hisashi''. In temples constructed in the hip-and-gable style (''irimoya-zukuri''), the gabled part usually covers the '' moya'' while the hipped part covers the ''hisashi''. The ''hisashi'' can be under the same roof ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kichō
A is a portable multi-paneled silk partition supported by a T-pole. It came into use in aristocratic households during and following the Heian period (794–1185) in Japan when it became a standard piece of furniture. are similar in appearance to a , but are mounted on a free-standing stand rather than a lintel beam. They are less similar to , which do not include streamers to tie them up, and are generally used in different social settings. Construction The curtain or veil () hangs via ribbons or other decorative cording from the top crosspiece () which is supported by the vertical bars () which are supported by the pedestal at the base (). The fabric is generally in two layers: a plain silk back lining, and a fabric with a design on it facing outward. Colorful ribbons of fabric are generally hung in the center of each vertical panel on top of the outer fabric. The ribbons are held in place with a (traditionally) red decorative stitching which runs horizontally a little be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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