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List Of Ottoman Governors Of Baghdad
Ottoman walis (1638–1704) * Kashik Hassan Pasha (1638–1639) * Darwesh Pasha (1639–1642) * Kashik Hassan (1642–1644) * Daly Hussain (1644–1644) * Mohamed Pasha (1644–1645) * Mussa Pasha (1645–1646) * Ibrahim Pasha (1646–1646) * Mussa Semiz (1546–1647) * Malik Ahmed (1647–1647) * Arsalan Najdi Zadah (1647–1649) * Kablan Mustafa Marzonly (1649–1649) * Hussain Pasha (1649–1650) * Qarah Mustafa (1651–1652) * Murtazah (1653–1654) * Aq Mohamed (1654–1656) * Khasiky Mohamed (1657–1659) * Mustafa Pasha (1659–1659) * Khasiky Mohamed (1659–1661) * Kanbur Mustafa (1661–1663) * Bambej Mustafa (1663–1664) * Qarah Mustafa (1664–1664) * Uzon Ibrahim (1664–1666) * Qarah Mustafa (1666–1671) * Selihdar Hussain (1671–1674) * Abdulrahman Pasha (1674–1676) * Kablan Mustafa Marzonly (1676–1677) * Omar Pasha (1677–1681) * Ibrahim Pasha (1681–1684) * Omar Pasha (1684–1686) * Shokoh Ahmed Katkothah (1686–1686) * Omar Pasha (1686–1687) * Hassan P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) // CITED: p. 36 (PDF p. 38/338) also known as the Turkish Empire, was an empire that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, and Northern Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries. It was founded at the end of the 13th century in northwestern Anatolia in the town of Söğüt (modern-day Bilecik Province) by the Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. After 1354, the Ottomans crossed into Europe and, with the conquest of the Balkans, the Ottoman beylik was transformed into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed the Conqueror. Under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire marked the peak of its power and prosperity, as well a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dawud Pasha Of Baghdad
Dawūd Pasha ( ar, داود باشا '; ka, დაუდ ფაშა; tr, Davud Pasha) (c.1767–1851), who was born in Tbilisi, Georgia, of Georgian Christian origin, His full name was ( ka, დავით მანველაშვილი; tr, Davit Manvelashvili), was the last Mamluk dynasty of Iraq, Mamluk ruler of Iraq, from c.1816 to 1831. Biography Iraq at this period was nominally part of the Ottoman Empire but in practice largely autonomous. Mamluks were originally freed slaves who had converted to Islam, and were assigned to military and administrative duties in the Ottoman Empire. Mamluk rulers governed in the territory that became Iraq, acquiring increasing autonomy from the Sultan, from 1704 to 1831. The history of modern Iraq's boundaries could be traced to 1749, when the Sultan extended the authority of the Mamluk Wali (administrative title)#Ottoman Empire term, Vali (Governor) of Basra to include the eyalet (province) of Eyalet of Baghdad, Baghdad, initiatin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halil Kut
Halil Kut (1881 – 20 August 1957) was an Ottoman Turkish military commander and politician. He served in the Ottoman army during World War I, notably taking part in the military campaigns against Russia in the Caucasus and the British in Mesopotamia. His greatest achievement was surrounding the British expeditionary force in Kut, for 163 days until they surrendered. Halil was responsible for numerous atrocities committed against Armenian and Assyrian civilians during the war, overseeing the massacres of Armenian men, women and children in Bitlis, Mush, and Beyazit. Many of the victims were buried alive in specially prepared ditches. He also crossed into neighboring Persia and massacred Armenians, Assyrians and Persians. Kut claimed in his memoirs that he personally killed "more or less" 300,000 Armenians.Dadrian, Vahakn. "The Armenian Genocide: An Interpretation," in ''America and the Armenian Genocide of 1915'', ed. Jay Winter (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Süleyman Nazif
Süleyman Nazif ( ota, سلیمان نظیف; 29 January 1870 – 4 January 1927) was a Turkish people, Turkish poet and a prominent member of the Committee of Union and Progress, CUP. He mastered Arabic language, Arabic, Persian language, Persian, and French language, French languages and worked as a civil servant during the reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid II. He contributed to the literary magazine ''Servet-i Fünun'' ("Wealth of Knowledge") until it was censored by the Ottoman government in 1901. Biography Süleyman Nazif was born in 1870 in Diyarbakır to a Kurdish tribes, Kurdish family, his father was Sait Pasha, a poet and historian. He was the brother of renowned Turkish poet and politician Faik Ali Ozansoy. He started his education in his very early years in Maraş Province, Ottoman Empire, Maraş. Later, he was schooled in Diyarbakır. In 1879, he joined his father again in Maraş, took private lessons from his father and in French language from an Armenians in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Djemal Pasha
Ahmed Djemal ( ota, احمد جمال پاشا, Ahmet Cemâl Paşa; 6 May 1872 – 21 July 1922), also known as Cemal Pasha, was an Ottoman military leader and one of the Three Pashas that ruled the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Djemal was born in Mytilene, Lesbos. As an officer of II Corps he was stationed in Salonica where he developed political sympathies for the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) reformers. He was initially praised by Christian missionaries and provided support to the Armenian victims of the Adana massacres. In the course of his army career Djemal developed a rivalry with Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, served in Salonica on the frontlines of the Balkan Wars and was given the military command of Constantinople after the Raid on the Sublime Porte. Djemal's authoritarian three year rule in Syria alienated the local population who opposed Turkish nationalism. Djemal Pasha's role in the Armenian genocide has been controversial as his policies were not as dea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmed Fayzi Pasha
Ahmed Fayzi Pasha (also Ahmed Feyzi Pasa) (1839-1915) was born in the Crimea. His father was a local muderris. From 1876 to 1885 he was deputy government and then governor of the 'Asir Region, and was promoted to brigadier general and then division general. Was governor general of Yemen from 1885 to 1887. From 1887 to 1891 he was commander in chief of military forces in the Hejaz. In 1891 he was appointed to command forces in Yemen to quell a revolt by Muhammad bin Yahya Hamid ad-Din, and remained appointed as governor until 1898. In 1898, as a field marshal, he was in command of the Sixth Imperial Army in Baghdad. From 1902 to 1904 he was governor of Baghdad in conjunction with his command. From 1905 to 1908 he was commander in chief of the Seventh Imperial Army and governor of Yemen. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giritli Sırrı Pasha
Giritli Sırrı Pasha ("Sırrı Pasha the Cretan") was a 19th-century Ottoman administrator and man of letters of Turkish Cretan origin. He was born in 1844 in Kandiye, Crete, Ottoman Empire as the son of Helvacızade Salih Tosun Efendi. He started out as a clerk in the local Ottoman bureaucracy in Crete and later came to İstanbul, pursuing an education with a particular religious emphasis. Climbing through the hierarchy, he served as governor of Trabzon, Kastamonu, Ankara, Sivas and Baghdad, and was noted as a successful administrator. He published his writings of a personal and political nature under the title "Letters of Sırrı Paşa" (''Mektubat-ı Sırrı Paşa''). Yet another collection is his commentaries (tefsir) of various verses of the Koran, united under the titles ''Sırr-ı Kur'an'' (the secret of Koran), ''Sırr-ı insan'', ''Sırr-ı Tenzil'', ''Sırr-ı Meryem'' and ''Ahsenü'l-Kasas''. The last one in particular, on the theme of the stories of Joseph and Jaco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mehmed Rauf Pasha Bin Abdi Pasha
Mehmed Rauf Pasha bin Abdi Pasha (Ottoman Turk مشير محمد رؤوف پاشا بن عبدى پاشا چركسى), (born 1832, Istanbul – died 1908, Istanbul) Ottoman soldier and statesman of Circassian origin. As a child, he took lessons from private tutors. In his youth he was assigned to the Sublime Porte and soon became an officer. In 1849, at the rank of lieutenant, he accompanied Mushir Omar Pasha during the Bosnian Rebellion and the Crimean War. After the Treaty of Paris in 1856, he was sent to France as a military attaché and stayed in Paris for six years and completed his education at the French Staff School. After returning to Istanbul, in 1868, he was promoted to the rank of Mirliva and traveled in Europe with Sultan Abdülaziz as his aide-de-camp. He was promoted to the rank of Ferik for his achievements in Crete. In 1870 he was promoted to the rank of Mushir and appointed Vali (Governor) of Crete. He then served as the Governor of the Vilayets of Ioannina, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Midhat Pasha
Ahmed Şefik Midhat Pasha ( ota , احمد شفيق مدحت پاشا, 18 October 1822 – 26 April 1883) was an Ottoman democrat, kingmaker and one of the leading statesmen during the late Tanzimat period. He is most famous for leading the Ottoman constitutional movement of 1876 and introducing the First Constitutional Era, but was also a leading figure of reform in the educational and provincial administrations. He was part of a governing elite which recognized the crisis the Empire was in and considered reform to be a dire need. Midhat Pasha is described as a person with a liberal attitude and is often considered one of the founders of the Ottoman Parliament. He was described by historian Caroline Finkel as "a true representative of Tanzimat optimism, who believed that separatist tendencies could be best countered by demonstrating the benefits of good government." The Midhat Pasha Souq in Damascus still bears his name. Early life Midhat Pasha was born in Istanbul in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Omar Pasha
Omer Pasha, also known as Omer Pasha Latas ( tr, Ömer Lütfi Paşa, sr, Омер-паша Латас, Omer-paša Latas; 24 September 1806 – 18 April 1871) was an Ottoman field marshal and governor. Born in Austrian territory to Serbian Orthodox Christian parents, he initially served as an Austrian soldier. When faced with charges of embezzlement, he fled to Ottoman Bosnia in 1823 and converted to Islam; he then joined the Ottoman army, where he quickly rose through the ranks. Latas crushed several rebellions throughout the Ottoman Empire, and served as a commander in the Crimean War of 1853-1856, where he defeated the Russians at Silistra (1854), regaining Bucharest and occupying the Danubian Principalities. He also won notable victories at Oltenița, Eupatoria (1855) and participated in the Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855). As a commander Omer Pasha was noted especially for his excellent strategic skills. Early life Omer Pasha was born Mihajlo Latas ( sr, Мих ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mehmed Namık Pasha
Mehmed Emin Namık Pasha (1804 – 1892) was a prominent Ottoman statesman and military reformer, who is considered to be one of the founding fathers of the modern Ottoman Army. He served under five Sultans and acted as counsellor to at least four of them. He founded the ''Mekteb-i Harbiye'' (The Ottoman Military Academy), was twice Viceroy of the province of Bagdad, was the first ambassador of the Sublime Porte at Saint-James's Court, was appointed ''Serasker'' (Supreme Commander of the Ottoman Army), he served as Minister of War, became a Cabinet minister, and was conferred the title of ''Şeyh-ül Vüzera'' (Head of Imperial Ministers). During a long career that spanned a long lifetime (he lived to be eighty-eight), he was one of the personalities who shaped, as well as were themselves shaped by what historian İlber Ortaylı called “the longest century” of the Ottoman state (''İmparatorluğun En Uzun Yüzyılı'', 1983). His son, Hasan Riza Pasha , was a general in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Rıza Pasha (governor Of Baghdad)
Ali Rıza Pasha (sometimes spelled Ali Ridha Pasha) led the Ottoman army in 1831 against the ''mamluk'' governor in Baghdad after Dawud Pasha refused to give up his office. Ali Rıza Pasha captured the city and Dawud ending the ''mamluk'' rule in Baghdad. Baghdad fell in September 1831 after a ten-week-long blockade of the city which caused mass famine. While Ali Rıza Pasha was able to capture Baghdad and unseat Dawud Pasha, he still had to deal with the ''mamluks'' who remained in Baghdad. In order to preserve his power and pacify the ''mamluks'', he gave many of them positions in his government. In the days following his conquest of Baghdad, Ali Rıza Pasha published a ''firman'', or decree, which made him the governing authority over the cities of: Baghdad, Aleppo, Diyarbakr, and Mosul. The ''firman'' eventually covered all cities in Iraq. Ali Rıza Pasha then marched his army south to Basra where he occupied the province ending ''mamluk'' rule in 1834. Ali Rıza Pasha's co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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