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List Of Oat Diseases
This article is a list of diseases of the cultivated oat ''Avena sativa''. Bacterial diseases Fungal diseases Miscellaneous diseases or disorders Nematodes, parasitic Viruses Oats The oat (''Avena sativa''), sometimes called the common oat, is a species of cereal grain grown for its seed, which is known by the same name (usually in the plural, unlike other cereals and pseudocereals). While oats are suitable for human con ... * Oats ReferencesCommon Names of Diseases, The American Phytopathological Society {{Oats ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudomonas Coronafaciens
''Pseudomonas coronafaciens'' is a Gram-negative bacterium that is pathogenic to several plant species. Following ribotypical analysis several pathovars of '' P. syringae'' were incorporated into this species. Hosts * ''Pseudomonas coronafaciens'' pv. ' is pathogenic on Italian ryegrass (''Lolium multiflorum'', syn. ''Festuca perennis''). * ''Pseudomonas coronafaciens'' pv. ' causes halo blight on oat (''Avena sativa''). * ''Pseudomonas coronafaciens'' pv. ' infects the coffee plant ''Coffea arabica''. * ''Pseudomonas coronafaciens'' pv. ' is pathogenic on rice (''Oryza sativa''). * ''Pseudomonas coronafaciens'' pv. ' infects the leek ( ''Allium ampeloprasum'' var. ''porrum''). * ''Pseudomonas coronafaciens'' pv. ' causes bacterial stripe blight on oat (''Avena sativa''). * ''Pseudomonas coronafaciens'' pv. ' causes bacterial leaf streak on wild rice (''Zizania aquatica''). Pathogenesis ''P. coronafaciens'' performs quorum sensing In biology, quorum sensing or quorum sign ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erysiphe Graminis
''Blumeria graminis'' (commonly called barley powdery mildew or corn mildew) is a fungus that causes powdery mildew on grasses, including cereals. It is the only species in the genus ''Blumeria''. It has also been called ''Erysiphe graminis'' and (by its anamorph) ''Oidium monilioides'' or ''Oidium tritici''. Systematics Previously ''B. graminis'' was included within the genus ''Erysiphe'', but molecular studies have placed it into a clade of its own. Thus since 1975, the species ''graminis'' was moved into the new taxa ''Blumeria'' of which it is the only species. ''Blumeria'' differs from ''Erysiphe'' in its digitate haustoria and in details of the conidial wall. As well ''Blumeria'' is considered to be phylogenetically distinct from ''Erisiphe'' as it is a plant pathogen that hosts solely on the true grasses of ''Poaceae. '' Eight special forms or ''formae speciales'' (ff.spp.) of ''B. graminis'' have been distinguished, each of which is parasitic on a particular genus of gras ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ustilago Segetum
Covered smut of barley is caused by the fungus ''Ustilago hordei''. The disease is found worldwide and it is more extensively distributed than either loose smut or false loose smut. Symptoms Infected plants do not demonstrate symptoms until heading. Kernels of infected plants are replaced by masses of dark brown smut spores. Smutted heads are hard and compact. Infected plants may be stunted. Occasionally smut sori may also develop in leaf blades, where they appear as long streaks. Disease cycle Infection is seed-borne within the seed, the fungus penetrating the endosperm while the grain is being formed. Infected seeds give rise to systemically infected plants. The mycelium advances through the host tissue and becomes established behind the growing point. The spores are not readily blown or washed away by wind or rain. Spores are sticky in nature when present inside the membrane due to oily coating. At harvest, spore masses are broken up, scattering spores on grain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhizoctonia Cerealis
''Ceratobasidium cornigerum'' is a species of fungus in the order Cantharellales. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are thin, spread on the substrate out like a film (effused) and web-like. An anamorphic state is frequently obtained when isolates are cultured. ''Ceratobasidium cornigerum'' is saprotrophic, but is also a facultative plant pathogen, causing a number of economically important crop diseases, and an orchid endomycorrhizal associate. The species is genetically diverse and is sometimes treated as a complex of closely related taxa. DNA research shows the species (or species complex) actually belongs within the genus ''Rhizoctonia''. Taxonomy ''Corticium cornigerum'' was first described in 1922 by mycologist Hubert Bourdot, who found it growing in France on dead stems of Jerusalem artichoke. It was subsequently transferred to the genus ''Ceratobasidium'' by American mycologist Donald P. Rogers in 1935. Molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, places ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puccinia Graminis
Stem rust, also known as cereal rust, black rust, red rust or red dust, is caused by the fungus ''Puccinia graminis'', which causes significant disease in cereal crops. Crop species that are affected by the disease include bread wheat, durum wheat, barley and triticale. These diseases have affected cereal farming throughout history. The annual recurrence of stem rust of wheat in North Indian plains was discovered by Prof. K.C. Mehta. Since the 1950s, wheat strains bred to be resistant to stem rust have become available. Fungicides effective against stem rust are available as well. In 1999 a new virulent race of stem rust was identified against which most current wheat strains show no resistance. The race was named TTKSK (e.g. isolate Ug99). An epidemic of stem rust on wheat caused by race TTKSK spread across Africa, Asia and the Middle East, causing major concern due to the large numbers of people dependent on wheat for sustenance, thus threatening global food security. An out ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puccinia Coronata
''Puccinia coronata'' is a plant pathogen and causal agent of oat and barley crown rust. The pathogen occurs worldwide, infecting both wild and cultivated oats. Crown rust poses a threat to barley production, because the first infections in barley occur early in the season from local inoculum. Crown rusts have evolved many different physiological races within different species in response to host resistance. Each pathogenic race can attack a specific line of plants within the species typical host. For example, there are over 290 races of ''P. coronata''. Crops with resistant phenotypes are often released, but within a few years virulent races have arisen and ''P. coronata'' can infect them. Symptoms Uredinia are linear, light orange, and occur mostly on the leaf blades but occasionally occur also on leaf sheaths, peduncles and awns. Extensive chlorosis is often associated with the uredinia. Telia are mostly linear, black to dark brown, and are covered by the host epidermis. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pythium Ultimum
''Pythium ultimum'' is a plant pathogen. It causes the damping off and root rot diseases of hundreds of diverse plant hosts including corn, soybean, potato, wheat, fir, and many ornamental species. ''P. ultimum'' belongs to the peronosporalean lineage of oomycetes, along with other important plant pathogens such as ''Phytophthora'' spp. and many genera of downy mildews. ''P. ultimum'' is a frequent inhabitant of fields, freshwater ponds, and decomposing vegetation in most areas of the world. Contributing to the widespread distribution and persistence of ''P. ultimum'' is its ability to grow saprotrophically in soil and plant residue. This trait is also exhibited by most ''Pythium'' spp. but not by the related ''Phytophthora'' spp., which can only colonize living plant hosts. Pathology and disease management Infections of seeds and roots are initiated by both the mycelia and spores of ''P. ultimum''. Two spore types are made, depending on the strain. ''P. ultimum'' is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pythium Irregulare
''Pythium irregulare'' is a soil borne oomycete plant pathogen. Oomycetes, also known as "water molds", are fungal-like protists. They are fungal-like because of their similar life cycles, but differ in that the resting stage is diploid, they have coenocytic hyphae, a larger genome, cellulose in their cell walls instead of chitin, and contain zoospores (asexual motile spores) and oospores (sexual resting spores). Hosts and symptoms ''Pythium irregulare'' is an oomycete that causes pre- and post-emergence damping off, as well as root rot. Pre-emergence damping off occurs when ''P. irregulare'' infects seeds before they emerge, causing them to rot and turn brown, thus preventing successful growth. Alternatively, post-emergence damping off occurs when the oomycete infects just after the seed has germinated. This usually causes infection in the roots and stem which appears as water soaking and necrosis. Depending on the severity, plants may collapse or be severely stunted. In p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pythium Debaryanum
''Pythium debaryanum'' is a species of water mould in the family Pythiaceae. It is known as a plant pathogen on many kinds of wild and cultivated plants, including peanut, beet, eucalyptus, tobacco, and pine trees. The plants develop damping off, a disease state. Plantwise. See also *List of soybean diseases
Soybean plants (''Glycine max'') are subject to a variety of diseases and pests.
Bacterial diseases
Fungal diseases
Nematodes, parasitic
Viral diseases
See also
* Soybean management practices
References
Common Names of Diseases, T ...
References
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Pythium
''Pythium'' is a genus of parasitic oomycetes. They were formerly classified as fungi. Most species are plant parasites, but ''Pythium insidiosum'' is an important pathogen of animals, causing pythiosis. The feet of the fungus gnat are frequently a vector for their transmission. Morphology ;Hyphae: ''Pythium'' species, like others in the family Pythiaceae, are usually characterized by their production of coenocytic hyphae without septations. ;Oogonia: Generally contain a single oospore. ;Antheridia: Contain an elongated and club-shaped antheridium. Ecological importance ''Pythium''-induced root rot is a common crop disease. When the organism kills newly emerged or emerging seedlings, it is known as damping off, and is a very common problem in fields and greenhouses. Thus there is tremendous interest in genetic host resistance, but no crop has ever developed adequate resistance to ''Pythium''. This disease complex usually involves other pathogens such as ''Phytophthora'' and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thanatephorus Cucumeris
''Rhizoctonia'' is a genus of fungi in the order Cantharellales. Species form thin, effused, corticioid basidiocarps (fruit bodies), but are most frequently found in their sterile, anamorphic state. ''Rhizoctonia'' species are saprotrophic, but some are also facultative plant pathogens, causing commercially important crop diseases. Some are also endomycorrhizal associates of orchids. The genus name was formerly used to accommodate many superficially similar, but unrelated fungi. Taxonomy History Anamorphs ''Rhizoctonia'' was introduced in 1815 by French mycologist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle for anamorphic plant pathogenic fungi that produce both hyphae and sclerotia. The name is derived from Ancient Greek, ῥίζα (''rhiza'', "root") + κτόνος (''ktonos'', "murder"), and de Candolle's original species, ''Rhizoctonia crocorum'' (teleomorph ''Helicobasidium purpureum''), is the causal agent of violet root rot of carrots and other root vegetables. Subsequent authors adde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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