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List Of Members Of The Teşkilât-ı Mahsûsa
The Special Organization, a secret paramilitary organization tied to the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), the ruling party of the Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ..., included the following members according to an interview with its former leader Eşref Kuşçubaşı by U.S. INR officer Philip H. Stoddard: References {{reflist Government of the Ottoman Empire Turkish intelligence agencies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Special Organization (Ottoman Empire)
The Special Organization ( ota, تشکیلات مخصوصه, ''Teşkilât-ı Mahsusa'', or ) was a paramilitary organization in the Ottoman Empire known for its key role in the commission of the Armenian genocide. Originally organized under the Ministry of War, the organization was shifted to answer directly to the ruling party Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) in February 1915. Led by Bahaeddin Şakir and Nazım Bey and formed in early 1914 of tribesmen (especially Circassians and Kurds) as well as more than 10,000 convicted criminals—offered a chance to redeem themselves if they served the state—as a force independent of the regular army that could be used to attack civilians. It was the progenitor of the National Security Service of the Republic of Turkey, which was itself the predecessor of the modern National Intelligence Organization. Origins The exact date of establishment is unclear or disputed. According to some researchers, the organization might have been e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
'Aziz 'Ali Al-Misri
Aziz Ali al-Misri (; '' ar, عزيز علي المصري'') (1879 – 15 June 1965) was an Egyptian chief of staff and politician. He co-founded of al-Qahtaniyya, and al-‘Ahd (The Covenant), and participated in a prominent role during the Arab Revolt. Early life and background Al-Misri (or al-Masri) was born in Cairo to an Egyptian-Circassian family. His father, Zakariya, and previous relatives on his father’s side of the family were Circassian, with the original family name before having moved to Irak and then Egypt: '' Shkhaplhy'' ( ady, Шъхьаплъы, pronounced and written in English ''Shapli'' as did his son Omar in the USA). He was conscious of this fact throughout his lifetime. His half sister Aziza (1872-1936), from their common mother Chafika Siouk Mukbel, was the wife of Aly Pasha Youssef Ramzy Zulficar a governor of Cairo. Al-Misri trained at the Ottoman Military Academy, where he graduated in 1901, and moved onto the Staff College of the Ottoman Army. He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berlin
Berlin ( , ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constituent states, Berlin is surrounded by the State of Brandenburg and contiguous with Potsdam, Brandenburg's capital. Berlin's urban area, which has a population of around 4.5 million, is the second most populous urban area in Germany after the Ruhr. The Berlin-Brandenburg capital region has around 6.2 million inhabitants and is Germany's third-largest metropolitan region after the Rhine-Ruhr and Rhine-Main regions. Berlin straddles the banks of the Spree, which flows into the Havel (a tributary of the Elbe) in the western borough of Spandau. Among the city's main topographical features are the many lakes in the western and southeastern boroughs formed by the Spree, Havel and Dahme, the largest of which is Lake Müggelsee. Due to its l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aram Yerganian
Aram Yerganian ( hy, Արամ Երկանեան; 20 May 1900 – 2 August 1934) was an Armenian revolutionary who was noted for his assassination of Behaeddin Sakir and Fatali Khan Khoyski as an act of vengeance for their roles in the Armenian genocide and the massacre of Armenians in Baku respectively. He is considered an Armenian national hero. Early life Aram Yerganian was born in Erzurum on 20 May 1900. He was the third child of Sarkis Yerganian and Mariam Soghoyan-Yerganian. He attended a local school in Erzurum. Yerganian, who witnessed the Armenian genocide, sought refuge in the Caucasus. In 1917 he enlisted for the Armenian volunteer detachments and fought for General Dro in the Battle of Bash Abaran. After the victory over the Ottoman forces and the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Armenia in 1918, Yerganian enlisted in Operation Nemesis, the covert operation led by a special body of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation aimed at assassinating all key org ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armenian Genocide
The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was implemented primarily through the mass murder of around one million Armenians during death marches to the Syrian Desert and the Forced conversion, forced Islamization of Armenian women and children. Before World War I, Armenians occupied a protected, but subordinate, place in Ottoman society. Large-scale massacres of Armenians occurred Hamidian massacres, in the 1890s and Adana massacre, 1909. The Ottoman Empire suffered a series of military defeats and territorial losses—especially the 1912–1913 Balkan Wars—leading to fear among CUP leaders that the Armenians, whose homeland in the eastern provinces was viewed as the heartland of the Turkish nation, would seek independence. During their invasion of Caucasus campaign, Russian and Per ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Behaeddin Shakir
Baha al-Din or Bahaa ad-Din ( ar, بهاء الدين, Bahāʾ al-Dīn, splendour of the faith), or various variants like Bahauddin, Bahaeddine or (in Turkish) Bahattin, may refer to: Surname * A. K. M. Bahauddin, Bangladeshi politician and the Member of Parliament from Comilla *Salaheddine Bahaaeddin (born 1950), Kurdish Iraqi politician Middle name *AFM Bahauddin Nasim, Bangladeshi politician and former Member of Parliament from Madaripur Given name * Bahaedin Adab (1945–2007), Iranian Kurdish politician and engineer *Bahauddin Baha (born 1942), contemporary Afghan judge *Bahauddin Dagar (born 1970), Indian musician * Mufti Baha-ud-din Farooqi, contemporary Indian judge * Bahaddin Gaziyev (born 1965), Azerbaijani journalist *Rafic Hariri, full name: Rafic Baha El Deen Al-Hariri (1944–2005), Lebanese businessman and politician * Bahaa el-Din Ahmed Hussein el-Akkad (born 1949), Egyptian former Muslim sheikh who converted to Christianity *Qawwal Bahauddin Khan (1934–2006), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mithat Şükrü Bleda
Mithat Şükrü Bleda (1874 – 19 February 1956) was a Turkish politician, who was a founding member of the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), which he also served as its party secretary. Biography Midhat Şükrü was born in Thessaloniki, Selanik (Thesalonika). After graduating from the Faculty of Political Science, Ankara University, civil service academy, he took part in the founding of the Committee of Union and Progress. He served as its general secretary between 1911- 1917. He was also a deputy in the Ottoman parliament, representing Serres, Drama, Greece, Drama, and Burdur in 1908 Ottoman general election, 1908, 1912 Ottoman general election, 1912, and 1914 Ottoman general election, 1914 respectively. Between 1935 - 1950 he represented Sivas in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, Grand National Assembly. He died in Istanbul in 1956, and was buried in the Monument of Liberty, Istanbul, Monument of Liberty upon his will. His memoirs were published under the title ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yakub Cemil
Yakub Cemil (1883–1916) was an Ottoman revolutionary and soldier who assassinated Nazım Pasha during the 1913 Ottoman coup d'état The 1913 Ottoman coup d'état (January 23, 1913), also known as the Raid on the Sublime Porte ( tr, Bâb-ı Âlî Baskını), was a coup d'état carried out in the Ottoman Empire by a number of Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) members led by .... He was sentenced to death and executed in 1916. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Cemil, Yakub 1883 births 1916 deaths Military personnel from Istanbul Revolutionaries from the Ottoman Empire Turkish nationalists Turkish assassins Executed assassins Members of the Special Organization (Ottoman Empire) 20th-century Ottoman military personnel People executed by the Ottoman Empire by firing squad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Refik Saydam
İbrahim Refik Saydam (8 September 1881 – 8 July 1942) was a Turkish physician, politician and the fourth Prime Minister of Turkey, serving from 25 January 1939 until his death on 8 July 1942. All about Turkey Biography Saydam was born in in 1881 as the son of Hacı Ahmet Efendi of . After completing primary and secondary education in Fatih Military Junior High School, he entered to Military School of Medicine in 1899. He went on a training course at Gülhane as of graduating with the rank of doctor captain on 4 ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuri Conker
Mehmet Nuri Conker (September 20, 1882 – January 11, 1937) was a Turkish politician and an officer of the Ottoman Army and the Turkish Army. Mehmet Nuri Conker was the oldest childhood and lifelong friend of Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk). Mehmet Nuri Conker was a graduate of the War Academy of the Ottoman Empire (Harp Akademisi). He retired as a Colonel (Kurmay Albay). Mehmet Nuri Conker married Nedime Hanim (1890?-1969) and they had four children: Orhan Conker (1910-1975); Mahmut Cahit Conker (1912-1964); Ali Necip Conker (1914-1973); Kiymet Tesal Conker (1916-1988). His sister Dürriye Hanım married Salih Bozok. According to Philip Hendrick Stoddard, he was a brother-in-law of Süleyman Askerî Bey.''The Ottoman Government and the Arabs, 1911 to 1918: A Preliminary Study of the Teskilât-ı Mahsusa'', Princeton University, 1963, p. 175. Mehmet Nuri Conker fought on numerous fronts: Libya, Manastir, the Dardanelles, the Eastern front, in Syria and in the War of Independence. He w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italo-Turkish War
The Italo-Turkish or Turco-Italian War ( tr, Trablusgarp Savaşı, "Tripolitanian War", it, Guerra di Libia, "War of Libya") was fought between the Kingdom of Italy and the Ottoman Empire from 29 September 1911, to 18 October 1912. As a result of this conflict, Italy captured the Ottoman Tripolitania Vilayet, of which the main sub-provinces were Fezzan, Cyrenaica, and Tripoli itself. These territories became the colonies of Italian Tripolitania and Cyrenaica, which would later merge into Italian Libya. During the conflict, Italian forces also occupied the Dodecanese islands in the Aegean Sea. Italy agreed to return the Dodecanese to the Ottoman Empire in the Treaty of Ouchy in 1912. However, the vagueness of the text, combined with subsequent adverse events unfavourable to the Ottoman Empire (the outbreak of the Balkan Wars and World War I), allowed a provisional Italian administration of the islands, and Turkey eventually renounced all claims on these islands in Article ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, or Mustafa Kemal Pasha until 1921, and Ghazi Mustafa Kemal from 1921 Surname Law (Turkey), until 1934 ( 1881 – 10 November 1938) was a Turkish Mareşal (Turkey), field marshal, Turkish National Movement, revolutionary statesman, author, and the founding father of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first President of Turkey, president from 1923 until Death and state funeral of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, his death in 1938. He undertook sweeping progressive Atatürk's reforms, reforms, which modernized Turkey into a secular, industrializing nation.Harold Courtenay Armstrong Gray Wolf, Mustafa Kemal: An Intimate Study of a Dictator. page 225 Ideologically a Secularism, secularist and Turkish nationalism, nationalist, Atatürk's Reforms, his policies and socio-political theories became known as Kemalism. Due to his military and political accomplishments, Atatürk is regarded as one of the most important political leaders of the 20th century. Ata ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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