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List Of Human Transcription Factors
This list of manually curated human transcription factor In molecular biology, a transcription factor (TF) (or sequence-specific DNA-binding factor) is a protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, by binding to a specific DNA sequence. The fu ...s is taken from Lambert, Jolma, Campitelli et al. It was assembled by manual curation. More detailed information is found in the manuscript and the web site accompanying the paperHuman Transcription Factors List of human transcription factors (1639) References {{DEFAULTSORT:Human transcription factors Transcription factors Biology-related lists ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transcription Factor
In molecular biology, a transcription factor (TF) (or sequence-specific DNA-binding factor) is a protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, by binding to a specific DNA sequence. The function of TFs is to regulate—turn on and off—genes in order to make sure that they are expressed in the desired cells at the right time and in the right amount throughout the life of the cell and the organism. Groups of TFs function in a coordinated fashion to direct cell division, cell growth, and cell death throughout life; cell migration and organization (body plan) during embryonic development; and intermittently in response to signals from outside the cell, such as a hormone. There are up to 1600 TFs in the human genome. Transcription factors are members of the proteome as well as regulome. TFs work alone or with other proteins in a complex, by promoting (as an activator), or blocking (as a repressor) the recruitment of RNA ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CREB1
CAMP responsive element binding protein 1, also known as CREB-1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CREB1'' gene. This protein binds the cAMP response element, a DNA nucleotide sequence present in many viral and cellular promoters. The binding of CREB1 stimulates transcription. This protein is a CREB transcription factor that is a member of the leucine zipper family of DNA-binding proteins. This protein binds as a homodimer to the cAMP-responsive element, an octameric palindrome. The protein is phosphorylated by several protein kinases, and induces transcription of genes in response to hormonal stimulation of the cAMP pathway. Alternate splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. See also *CREB Interactions CREB1 has been shown to interact with: * CEBPB, * CREB binding protein, * FHL2, * FHL3, * FHL5. * HTATIP, * P53, and * RPS6KA5 Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DLX5
Homeobox protein DLX-5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the distal-less homeobox 5 gene, or ''DLX5'' gene. DLX5 is a member of DLX gene family. Function This gene encodes a member of a homeobox transcription factor gene family similar to the ''Drosophila'' distal-less (Dll) gene. The encoded protein may play a role in bone development and fracture healing. Current research holds that the homeobox gene family is important in appendage development. DLX5 and DLX6 can be seen to work in conjunction and are both necessary for proper craniofacial, axial, and appendicular skeleton development. Mutation in this gene, which is located in a tail-to-tail configuration with another member of the family on the long arm of chromosome 7, may be associated with split-hand/split-foot malformation. DLX5 also acts as the early BMP-responsive transcriptional activator needed for osteoblast differentiation by stimulating the up-regulation of a variety of promoters (ALPL promoter, SP7 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DLX4
Homeobox protein DLX-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''DLX4'' gene. Function Many vertebrate homeobox-containing genes have been identified on the basis of their sequence similarity with ''Drosophila'' developmental genes. Members of the Dlx gene family contain a homeobox that is related to that of Distal-less (Dll), a gene expressed in the head and limbs of the developing fruit fly. The Distal-less (Dlx) family of genes comprises at least 6 different members, DLX1-DLX6. The DLX proteins are postulated to play a role in forebrain and craniofacial development. Three transcript variants have been described for this gene, however, the full length nature of one variant has not been described. Studies of the two splice variants revealed that one encoded isoform (BP1) functions as a repressor of the beta-globin Hemoglobin subunit beta (beta globin, β-globin, haemoglobin beta, hemoglobin beta) is a globin protein, coded for by the ''HBB'' gene, which along with al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DLX3
Homeobox protein DLX-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''DLX3'' gene. Function Dlx3 is a crucial regulator of hair follicle differentiation and cycling. Dlx3 transcription is mediated through Wnt signaling pathway, Wnt, and colocalization of Dlx3 with phosphorylated, phospho-SMAD1/SMAD5, 5/SMAD8, 8 is involved in the regulation of transcription by Bone morphogenetic protein, BMP signaling. Dlx3 transcription is also induced by Bone morphogenetic protein 2, BMP-2 through transactivation with SMAD1 and SMAD4. Many vertebrate homeo box-containing genes have been identified on the basis of their sequence similarity with Drosophila developmental genes. Members of the Dlx gene family contain a homeobox that is related to that of Distal-less (Dll), a gene expressed in the head and limbs of the developing fruit fly. The Distal-less (Dlx) family of genes comprises at least 6 different members, DLX1-DLX6. This gene is located in a tail-to-tail configuration with another me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DLX2
Homeobox protein DLX-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''DLX2'' gene. Many vertebrate homeo box-containing genes have been identified on the basis of their sequence similarity with Drosophila developmental genes. Members of the Dlx gene family contain a homeobox that is related to that of Distal-less (Dll), a gene expressed in the head and limbs of the developing fruit fly. The Distal-less (Dlx) family of genes comprises at least 6 different members, DLX1-DLX6. The DLX proteins are postulated to play a role in forebrain and craniofacial development. This gene is located in a tail-to-tail configuration with another member of the gene family on the long arm of chromosome 2. Interactions DLX2 has been shown to interact with DLX5, MSX1 and Msh homeobox 2 Homeobox protein MSX-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MSX2'' gene. Function This gene encodes a member of the muscle segment homeobox gene family. The encoded protein is a transcriptional represso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DLX1
Homeobox protein DLX-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''DLX1'' gene. Function This gene encodes a member of a homeobox transcription factor gene family similar to the ''Drosophila'' distal-less gene. The encoded protein is localized to the nucleus where it may function as a transcriptional regulator of signals from multiple TGF-β superfamily members. The encoded protein may play a role in the control of craniofacial patterning and the differentiation and survival of inhibitory neurons in the forebrain. This gene is located in a tail-to-tail configuration with another member of the family on the long arm of chromosome 2. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms A protein isoform, or "protein variant", is a member of a set of highly similar proteins that originate from a single gene or gene family and are the result of genetic differences. While many perform the same or similar biological roles, some isof ... have been described. Re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DBP (gene)
D site of albumin promoter (albumin D-box) binding protein, also known as DBP, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ''DBP'' gene. DBP is a member of the PAR bZIP (Proline and Acidic amino acid-Rich basic leucine ZIPper) transcription factor In molecular biology, a transcription factor (TF) (or sequence-specific DNA-binding factor) is a protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, by binding to a specific DNA sequence. The f ... family. DBP binds to an upstream promoter in the insulin gene. References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * External links * Transcription factors {{gene-19-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CUTL1
Cux1 (CUTL1, CDP, CDP/Cux) is a homeodomain protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CUX1'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the homeodomain family of DNA binding proteins. It regulates gene expression, morphogenesis, and differentiation and it also plays a role in cell cycle progression, particularly at S-phase. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but the full-length nature of some of these variants has not been determined, and the p200 isoform of Cux1 is processed proteolytically to smaller active isoforms, such as p110. Cux1 DNA binding is stimulated by activation of the PAR2/F2RL1 cell-surface G-protein-coupled receptor in fibroblasts and breast-cancer epithelial cells to regulate Matrix metalloproteinase 10, Interleukin1-alpha, and Cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX2) genes. Role in tumor growth Genetic data from over 7,600 cancer patients shows that over 1% has the deactivated CUX1 which links to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CTCFL
Transcriptional repressor CTCFL also known as BORIS (Brother of Regulator of Imprinted Sites) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CTCFL'' gene. Function CCCTC-binding factor ( CTCF), an 11- zinc finger factor involved in gene regulation, utilizes different zinc fingers to bind varying DNA target sites. CTCF forms methylation-sensitive insulators that regulate X-chromosome inactivation. Transcriptional repressor CTCFL (this protein) is a paralog of CTCF and appears to be expressed primarily in the cytoplasm of spermatocyte Spermatocytes are a type of male gametocyte in animals. They derive from immature germ cells called spermatogonia. They are found in the testis, in a structure known as the seminiferous tubules. There are two types of spermatocytes, primary and s ...s, unlike CTCF which is expressed primarily in the nucleus of somatic cells. CTCF and CTCFL are normally expressed in a mutually exclusive pattern that correlates with resetting of methylation marks ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CTCF
Transcriptional repressor CTCF also known as 11-zinc finger protein or CCCTC-binding factor is a transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the ''CTCF'' gene. CTCF is involved in many cellular processes, including transcriptional regulation, insulator activity, V(D)J recombination and regulation of chromatin architecture. Discovery CCCTC-Binding factor or CTCF was initially discovered as a negative regulator of the chicken c-myc gene. This protein was found to be binding to three regularly spaced repeats of the core sequence CCCTC and thus was named CCCTC binding factor. Function The primary role of CTCF is thought to be in regulating the 3D structure of chromatin. CTCF binds together strands of DNA, thus forming chromatin loops, and anchors DNA to cellular structures like the nuclear lamina. It also defines the boundaries between active and heterochromatic DNA. Since the 3D structure of DNA influences the regulation of genes, CTCF's activity influences the expressi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CAMP Responsive Element Modulator
cAMP responsive element modulator is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CREM gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a ba ..., and it belongs to the cAMP-responsive element binding protein family. It has multiple isoforms, which act either as repressors or activators. CREB family is important for in regulating transcription in response to various stresses, metabolic and developmental signals. CREM transcription factors also play an important role in many physiological systems, such as cardiac function, circadian rhythms, locomotion and spermatogenesis. Function This gene encodes a bZIP transcription factor that binds to the cAMP responsive element found in many viral and cellular promoters. It is an important component of cAMP-mediated signal transduction during t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
