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Limnoriidae
A gribble /ˈgɹɪbəl/ (or gribble worm) is any of about 56 species of marine isopod from the family Limnoriidae. They are mostly pale white and small ( long) crustaceans, although ''Limnoria stephenseni'' from subantarctic waters can reach . Classification The term "gribble" was originally assigned to the wood-boring species, especially the first species described from Norway by Jens Rathke in 1799, ''Limnoria lignorum''. The Limnoriidae are now known to include seaweed and seagrass borers, as well as wood borers. Those gribbles able to bore into living marine plants are thought to have evolved from a wood (dead plant) boring species. Ecology Gribbles bore into wood and plant material for ingestion as food. The cellulose of wood is digested, most likely with the aid of cellulases produced by the gribbles themselves. The most destructive species are ''Limnoria lignorum'', ''L. tripunctata'' and ''L. quadripunctata''. Due to dispersal while inhabiting wooden ships, it is uncerta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limnoria Quadripunctata
''Limnoria'' is a genus of isopods from the family Limnoriidae. Species *'' Limnoria agrostisa'' Cookson, 1991 *'' Limnoria algarum'' Menzies, 1957 *'' Limnoria andamanensis'' Rao & Ganapati, 1969 *'' Limnoria antarctica'' Pfeffer, 1887 *'' Limnoria bacescui'' Ortiz & Lalana, 1988 *''Limnoria bituberculata'' Pillai, 1957 *''Limnoria bombayensis'' Pillai, 1961 *'' Limnoria borealis'' Kussakin, 1963 *''Limnoria carinata'' Menzies & Becker, 1957 *''Limnoria carptora'' Cookson, 1997 *'' Limnoria chilensis'' Menzies, 1962 *'' Limnoria clarkae'' Kensley & Schotte, 1987 *'' Limnoria convexa'' Cookson, 1991 *''Limnoria cristata'' Cookson & Cragg, 1991 *''Limnoria echidna'' Cookson, 1991 *''Limnoria emarginata'' Kussakin & Malyutina, 1989 *''Limnoria foveolata'' Menzies, 1957 *''Limnoria gibbera'' Cookson, 1991 *''Limnoria glaucinosa'' Cookson, 1991 *''Limnoria hicksi'' Schotte, 1989 *''Limnoria indica'' Becker & Kampf, 1958 *''Limnoria insulae'' Menzies, 1957 *''Limnoria japonica'' R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limnoria Lignorum
''Limnoria lignorum'', commonly known as the gribble, is a species of isopod in the family Limnoriidae. It is found in shallow water in the North Atlantic and North Pacific Ocean where it tunnels into wood and attacks and destroys submerged wooden structures. Description ''Limnoria lignorum'' grows to a maximum length of but a more usual size range is . It is a yellowish colour and is about three times as long as it is broad. It has a woodlouse-like body with fourteen segments. It bores its way into wood to a depth of about . Distribution ''Limnoria lignorum'' is found in the boreal and temperate seas of the northern Atlantic Ocean and North Sea and it is also known from the west coast of North America. Its range extends from Norway southwards to France, and from the Gulf of St Lawrence southwards to Cobscook Bay and Cape Cod. Its depth range is from the littoral zone to a depth of about It is unclear from exactly where it originated because it has spread widely, aided in its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limnoria Segnis
''Limnoria'' is a genus of isopods from the family Limnoriidae. Species *'' Limnoria agrostisa'' Cookson, 1991 *'' Limnoria algarum'' Menzies, 1957 *'' Limnoria andamanensis'' Rao & Ganapati, 1969 *'' Limnoria antarctica'' Pfeffer, 1887 *'' Limnoria bacescui'' Ortiz & Lalana, 1988 *''Limnoria bituberculata'' Pillai, 1957 *''Limnoria bombayensis'' Pillai, 1961 *'' Limnoria borealis'' Kussakin, 1963 *''Limnoria carinata'' Menzies & Becker, 1957 *''Limnoria carptora'' Cookson, 1997 *'' Limnoria chilensis'' Menzies, 1962 *'' Limnoria clarkae'' Kensley & Schotte, 1987 *'' Limnoria convexa'' Cookson, 1991 *''Limnoria cristata'' Cookson & Cragg, 1991 *''Limnoria echidna'' Cookson, 1991 *''Limnoria emarginata'' Kussakin & Malyutina, 1989 *''Limnoria foveolata'' Menzies, 1957 *''Limnoria gibbera'' Cookson, 1991 *''Limnoria glaucinosa'' Cookson, 1991 *''Limnoria hicksi'' Schotte, 1989 *''Limnoria indica'' Becker & Kampf, 1958 *''Limnoria insulae'' Menzies, 1957 *''Limnoria japonica'' R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limnoria Stephenseni
''Limnoria'' is a genus of isopods from the family Limnoriidae. Species *'' Limnoria agrostisa'' Cookson, 1991 *'' Limnoria algarum'' Menzies, 1957 *'' Limnoria andamanensis'' Rao & Ganapati, 1969 *'' Limnoria antarctica'' Pfeffer, 1887 *'' Limnoria bacescui'' Ortiz & Lalana, 1988 *''Limnoria bituberculata'' Pillai, 1957 *''Limnoria bombayensis'' Pillai, 1961 *'' Limnoria borealis'' Kussakin, 1963 *''Limnoria carinata'' Menzies & Becker, 1957 *''Limnoria carptora'' Cookson, 1997 *'' Limnoria chilensis'' Menzies, 1962 *'' Limnoria clarkae'' Kensley & Schotte, 1987 *'' Limnoria convexa'' Cookson, 1991 *''Limnoria cristata'' Cookson & Cragg, 1991 *''Limnoria echidna'' Cookson, 1991 *''Limnoria emarginata'' Kussakin & Malyutina, 1989 *''Limnoria foveolata'' Menzies, 1957 *''Limnoria gibbera'' Cookson, 1991 *''Limnoria glaucinosa'' Cookson, 1991 *''Limnoria hicksi'' Schotte, 1989 *''Limnoria indica'' Becker & Kampf, 1958 *''Limnoria insulae'' Menzies, 1957 *''Limnoria japonica'' R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limnoria
''Limnoria'' is a genus of isopods from the family Limnoriidae. Species *'' Limnoria agrostisa'' Cookson, 1991 *'' Limnoria algarum'' Menzies, 1957 *'' Limnoria andamanensis'' Rao & Ganapati, 1969 *'' Limnoria antarctica'' Pfeffer, 1887 *'' Limnoria bacescui'' Ortiz & Lalana, 1988 *''Limnoria bituberculata'' Pillai, 1957 *''Limnoria bombayensis'' Pillai, 1961 *'' Limnoria borealis'' Kussakin, 1963 *''Limnoria carinata'' Menzies & Becker, 1957 *''Limnoria carptora'' Cookson, 1997 *'' Limnoria chilensis'' Menzies, 1962 *'' Limnoria clarkae'' Kensley & Schotte, 1987 *'' Limnoria convexa'' Cookson, 1991 *''Limnoria cristata'' Cookson & Cragg, 1991 *''Limnoria echidna'' Cookson, 1991 *''Limnoria emarginata'' Kussakin & Malyutina, 1989 *''Limnoria foveolata'' Menzies, 1957 *''Limnoria gibbera'' Cookson, 1991 *''Limnoria glaucinosa'' Cookson, 1991 *''Limnoria hicksi'' Schotte, 1989 *''Limnoria indica'' Becker & Kampf, 1958 *''Limnoria insulae'' Menzies, 1957 *''Limnoria japonica'' R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biomass
Biomass is plant-based material used as a fuel for heat or electricity production. It can be in the form of wood, wood residues, energy crops, agricultural residues, and waste from industry, farms, and households. Some people use the terms biomass and biofuel interchangeably, while others consider biofuel to be a ''liquid'' or ''gaseous'' fuel used for transportation, as defined by government authorities in the US and EU. The European Union's Joint Research Centre defines solid biofuel as raw or processed organic matter of biological origin used for energy, such as firewood, wood chips, and wood pellets. In 2019, biomass was used to produce 57 EJ (exajoules) of energy, compared to 190 EJ from crude oil, 168 EJ from coal, 144 EJ from natural gas, 30 EJ from nuclear, 15 EJ from hydro and 13 EJ from wind, solar and geothermal combined. Approximately 86% of modern bioenergy is used for heating applications, with 9% used for transport and 5% for electricity. Most of the global b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copepod
Copepods (; meaning "oar-feet") are a group of small crustaceans found in nearly every freshwater and saltwater habitat (ecology), habitat. Some species are planktonic (inhabiting sea waters), some are benthos, benthic (living on the ocean floor), a number of species have parasitic phases, and some continental species may live in limnoterrestrial habitats and other wet terrestrial places, such as swamps, under leaf fall in wet forests, bogs, springs, ephemeral ponds, and puddles, damp moss, or water-filled recesses (phytotelmata) of plants such as bromeliads and pitcher plants. Many live underground in marine and freshwater caves, sinkholes, or stream beds. Copepods are sometimes used as Ecological indicator, biodiversity indicators. As with other crustaceans, copepods have a larval form. For copepods, the egg hatches into a Crustacean larvae#Nauplius, nauplius form, with a head and a tail but no true thorax or abdomen. The larva molts several times until it resembles the adult an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphipoda
Amphipoda is an order of malacostracan crustaceans with no carapace and generally with laterally compressed bodies. Amphipods range in size from and are mostly detritivores or scavengers. There are more than 9,900 amphipod species so far described. They are mostly marine animals, but are found in almost all aquatic environments. Some 1,900 species live in fresh water, and the order also includes the terrestrial sandhoppers such as ''Talitrus saltator''. Etymology and names The name ''Amphipoda'' comes, via New Latin ', from the Greek roots 'on both/all sides' and 'foot'. This contrasts with the related Isopoda, which have a single kind of thoracic leg. Particularly among anglers, amphipods are known as ''freshwater shrimp'', ''scuds'', or ''sideswimmers''. Description Anatomy The body of an amphipod is divided into 13 segments, which can be grouped into a head, a thorax and an abdomen. The head is fused to the thorax, and bears two pairs of antennae and one pair of s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Creosote
Creosote is a category of carbonaceous chemicals formed by the distillation of various tars and pyrolysis of plant-derived material, such as wood or fossil fuel. They are typically used as preservatives or antiseptics. Some creosote types were used historically as a treatment for components of seagoing and outdoor wood structures to prevent rot (e.g., bridgework and railroad ties, see image). Samples may be found commonly inside chimney flues, where the coal or wood burns under variable conditions, producing soot and tarry smoke. Creosotes are the principal chemicals responsible for the stability, scent, and flavor characteristic of smoked meat; the name is derived . The two main kinds recognized in industry are coal-tar creosote and wood-tar creosote. The coal-tar variety, having stronger and more toxic properties, has chiefly been used as a preservative for wood; coal-tar creosote was also formerly used as an escharotic, to burn malignant skin tissue, and in dentistry, to pre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commensal
Commensalism is a long-term biological interaction (symbiosis) in which members of one species gain benefits while those of the other species neither benefit nor are harmed. This is in contrast with mutualism, in which both organisms benefit from each other; amensalism, where one is harmed while the other is unaffected; parasitism, where one is harmed and the other benefits, and parasitoidism, which is similar to parasitism but the parasitoid has a free-living state and instead of just harming its host, it eventually ends up killing it. The commensal (the species that benefits from the association) may obtain nutrients, shelter, support, or locomotion from the host species, which is substantially unaffected. The commensal relation is often between a larger host and a smaller commensal; the host organism is unmodified, whereas the commensal species may show great structural adaptation consistent with its habits, as in the remoras that ride attached to sharks and other fishes. Remo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
