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Libyan Literature
Libyan literature has its roots in Antiquity, but contemporary Libyan writing draws on a variety of influences. The Arab Renaissance (''Al-Nahda'') of the late 19th and early 20th centuries did not reach Libya as early as other Arab lands, and Libyans contributed little to its initial development. However, Libya at this time developed its own literary tradition, centred on oral poetry, much of which expressed the suffering brought about by the Italian colonial period. Most of Libya's early literature was written in the east, in the cities of Benghazi and Derna: particularly Benghazi, because of its importance as an early Libyan capital and influence of the universities present there. They were also the urban areas closest to Cairo and Alexandria - uncontested areas of Arab culture at the time. Even today, most writers - despite being spread throughout the country, trace their inspiration to eastern, rather than western, Libya. Libyan literature has historically been very pol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Classical Antiquity
Classical antiquity (also the classical era, classical period or classical age) is the period of cultural history between the 8th century BC and the 5th century AD centred on the Mediterranean Sea, comprising the interlocking civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome known as the Greco-Roman world. It is the period in which both Greek and Roman societies flourished and wielded huge influence throughout much of Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia. Conventionally, it is taken to begin with the earliest-recorded Epic Greek poetry of Homer (8th–7th-century BC), and continues through the emergence of Christianity (1st century AD) and the fall of the Western Roman Empire (5th-century AD). It ends with the decline of classical culture during late antiquity (250–750), a period overlapping with the Early Middle Ages (600–1000). Such a wide span of history and territory covers many disparate cultures and periods. ''Classical antiquity'' may also refer to an idealized v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wahbi Bouri
The Ibadi movement or Ibadism ( ar, الإباضية, al-Ibāḍiyyah) is a school of Islam. The followers of Ibadism are known as the Ibadis. Ibadism emerged around 60 years after the Islamic prophet Muhammad's death in 632 AD as a moderate school of the Khawarij movement, although contemporary Ibāḍīs strongly object to being classified as Kharijites. Ibadism is currently the largest Muslim denomination in Oman, but is also practised to a lesser extent in Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya. Throughout Islamic history, particularly under the Umayyads and the Almoravids, and continuing to the modern era, Ibadis have faced religious persecution in the Muslim world. History Background The Ibadis emerged as a moderate school of the Kharijites, an Islamic sect that originated from the Muhakkima (Arabic: محكمة) and al-Haruriyya (Arabic: الحرورية). The Muhakkima and al-Haruriyya were supporters of Ali in the first Muslim civil war who then abandoned the Alid cause after ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khalifa Al-Fakhri
Khalifa or Khalifah (Arabic: خليفة) is a name or title which means "successor", "ruler" or "leader". It most commonly refers to the leader of a Caliphate, but is also used as a title among various Islamic religious groups and others. Khalifa is sometimes also pronounced as "kalifa". There were four khalifas after Muhammad died, beginning with Abu Bakr. This was a difficult decision for the people to make, for no one except Muhammad had ever thought with foresight about who would rule after he would die. The ''Khilaafat'' (or Caliphate) was then contested and gave rise to the eventual division of the Islamic Umma into two groups, the Sunni and the Shi'a who interpret the word ''Khalifa'' in differently nuanced ways. The earliest Islamic uses include Khaleefa(ḥ)''' in The Qur'an, 2:30, where Allah commands the angels to bow down to Adam which more clearly guides to the root Classical Arabic meaning of the word as "Vicegerent", or divinely connected representative of Allah i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sadeq Al-Neihum
Sadeq Al Naihoum (1937 – 15 November 1994) ( ar, الصادق النيهوم) was a Libyan writer and journalist. Early life and education He was born in Benghazi, Libya, in 1937 where he lived and studied until he finished his university degree in literature. He then lived in Egypt, Germany and Finland between 1963 and 1971. Career Naihoum began writing in the newspaper Haqiqa Weekly in the 1960s while he was studying and working in Helsinki. His socio-political articles raised much debate at the time, and until his death in Geneva in 1994. He was distinguished by his daring satire, and during the 1960s his articles were widely read. The subjects he wrote about continue to raise a lot of debate in the Arab cultural circles of today. Death After suffering from lung cancer for two years, Naihoum died on 15 November 1994 in Geneva. He is buried in Benghazi. References 1937 births 1994 deaths Libyan writers Libyan journalists People from Benghazi 20th-century journ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bashir Hashimi
Bashir or Basheer or the francicized Bachir or Bechir ( ar, بشير) is a male given name. Derived from Arabic, it means "the one who brings good news". It is also a surname. Bashir may refer to: Mononym *Bashir I, Lebanese emir of the Shihab dynasty * Bashir Shihab II (1767–1850), Lebanese emir who ruled Lebanon *Bashir III, ruler of the Mount Lebanon Emirate (7th Emir, reigned 1840–1842) Given name Bachir * Bachir Gemayel or Bashīr al-Jimayyel (1947–1982), Lebanese military commander, politician and president-elect *Bachir Abdelouahab (1897–1978), Algerian politician and medical doctor *Bachir Ammoury (born 1983), American-born Lebanese basketball player *Bachir Attar (born 1964), Moroccan American musician and leader of The Master Musicians of Jajouka led by Bachir Attar. *Bachir Bensaddek (born 1972), Canadian television director of Algerian Berber descent *Bachir Boudjelid (born 1978), Algerian football player *Bachir Boumaaza (born 1980), mostly known by the o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmed Fagih
Ahmed Ibrahim al-Fagih (Arabic: أحمد إبراهيم الفقيه ''’áħmad 'Ibrāhīm al-faqīh'') (December 28, 1942 – April 30, 2019) was a Libyan novelist, playwright, essayist, journalist and diplomat. He began writing short stories at an early age publishing them in Libyan newspapers and magazines. He gained recognition in 1965 when his first collection of short stories ''There Is No Water in the Sea'' (Arabic: البحر لا ماء فيه) won him the highest award sponsored by the Royal Commission of Fine Arts in Libya. Fagih wrote many more books in different genres, including short stories, novels, plays, essays, among them ''Gazelles'' (play), ''Evening Visitor'' (play), ''Gardens of the Night Trilogy'' (novels), ''The Valley of Ashes'' (novel), and his 12-volume epic novel ''Maps of the Soul'', which had its first three volumes translated into English and published by DARF Publishers in UK in 2014. Fagih held several diplomatic posts representing Libya, in Lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kamel Maghur
Kamel Hassan Maghur ( ar, كامل حسن المقهور; 1 January 1935 – 5 January 2002) was a Libyan lawyer, diplomat, and writer. He also held various cabinet posts. Biography Maghur was born in Dahra, Tripoli, Italian Libya in 1935. He became a lawyer and subsequently a judge in Libya after completing law school in Cairo. He served in various diplomatic and international legal postings, including service as Libya's ambassador to the United Nations, Canada, France and China. In 1972 he became minister for petroleum and in 1984 served as OPEC's chief. In 1986–1987, he was Libya's minister for foreign affairs and in 1989 returned to private law practice in Tripoli. In the late 1990s he served as Libya's lawyer handling sanctions and charges associated with the Lockerbie bombing. Maghur published eight books of short stories A short story is a piece of prose fiction that typically can be read in one sitting and focuses on a self-contained incident or series of linked inci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece ( el, Ἑλλάς, Hellás) was a northeastern Mediterranean civilization, existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of classical antiquity ( AD 600), that comprised a loose collection of culturally and linguistically related city-states and other territories. Most of these regions were officially unified only once, for 13 years, under Alexander the Great's empire from 336 to 323 BC (though this excludes a number of Greek city-states free from Alexander's jurisdiction in the western Mediterranean, around the Black Sea, Cyprus, and Cyrenaica). In Western history, the era of classical antiquity was immediately followed by the Early Middle Ages and the Byzantine period. Roughly three centuries after the Late Bronze Age collapse of Mycenaean Greece, Greek urban poleis began to form in the 8th century BC, ushering in the Archaic period and the colonization of the Mediterranean Basin. This was followed by the age of Classical G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aesop
Aesop ( or ; , ; c. 620–564 BCE) was a Greek fabulist and storyteller credited with a number of fables now collectively known as ''Aesop's Fables''. Although his existence remains unclear and no writings by him survive, numerous tales credited to him were gathered across the centuries and in many languages in a storytelling tradition that continues to this day. Many of the tales associated with him are characterized by anthropomorphic animal characters. Scattered details of Aesop's life can be found in ancient sources, including Aristotle, Herodotus, and Plutarch. An ancient literary work called ''The Aesop Romance'' tells an episodic, probably highly fictional version of his life, including the traditional description of him as a strikingly ugly slave () who by his cleverness acquires freedom and becomes an adviser to kings and city-states. Older spellings of his name have included ''Esop(e)'' and ''Isope''. Depictions of Aesop in popular culture over the last 2,500 yea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arab Literature
Arabic literature ( ar, الأدب العربي / ALA-LC: ''al-Adab al-‘Arabī'') is the writing, both as prose and poetry, produced by writers in the Arabic language. The Arabic word used for literature is '' Adab'', which is derived from a meaning of etiquette, and which implies politeness, culture and enrichment. Arabic literature emerged in the 5th century with only fragments of the written language appearing before then. The Qur'an, widely regarded as the finest piece of literature in the Arabic language, would have the greatest lasting effect on Arab culture and its literature. Arabic literature flourished during the Islamic Golden Age, but has remained vibrant to the present day, with poets and prose-writers across the Arab world, as well as in the Arab diaspora, achieving increasing success. History ''Jahili'' is the literature of the pre-Islamic period referred to as ''al-Jahiliyyah'', or "the time of ignorance". In pre-Islamic Arabia, markets such as Souq O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Libyan History
Libya's history covers its rich mix of ethnic groups added to the indigenous Berbers/Amazigh people. Amazigh have been present throughout the entire history of the country. For most of its history, Libya has been subjected to varying degrees of scholar control, from Europe, Asia, and Africa. The modern history of independent Libya, as reflected in the many revolutions denoted under many moons began before Romantic time or Justinian scribing. The history of Libya comprises six distinct perspectives: Ancient Libya, the Roman era, the Islamic era, Ottoman rule, Italian rule, and the Modern era. Prehistoric and Berber Libya Tens of thousands of years ago, the Sahara Desert, which now covers roughly 90% of Libya, was lush with green vegetation. It was home to lakes, forests, diverse wildlife and a temperate Mediterranean climate. Archaeological evidence indicates that the coastal plain was inhabited by Neolithic peoples from as early as 8000 BCE. These peoples were perhaps drawn by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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