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Languages With Legal Status In India
There is no national language in the Republic of India. However, article 343(1) of the Indian constitution specifically mentions that "The official language of the Union shall be Hindi in Devanagari script. The form of numerals to be used for the official purposes of the Union shall be the international form of Indian numerals," while article 343(2) allowed for the continuation of English as an official language for another 15 years and 343(3) gave the parliament the power to provide for the use of English language after this period. The clause 3 of the Official Languages Act, 1963 allows for the continued use of English language for official purposes of the Union government and for parliamentary business. Hence Indian English and Modern Standard Hindi are the Official Languages of the Government of India. Hindi is the fastest growing language of India, followed by Kashmiri, Manipuri, and Gujarati.———— History The official languages of British India before indepe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Language Region Maps Of India
Language is a structured system of communication. The structure of a language is its grammar and the free components are its vocabulary. Languages are the primary means by which humans communicate, and may be conveyed through a variety of methods, including spoken language, spoken, sign language, sign, and written language. Many languages, including the most widely-spoken ones, have writing systems that enable sounds or signs to be recorded for later reactivation. Human language is highly variable between cultures and across time. Human languages have the properties of Productivity (linguistics), productivity and Displacement (linguistics), displacement, and rely on Convention (norm), social convention and learning. Estimates of the number of human languages in the world vary between and . Precise estimates depend on an arbitrary distinction (dichotomy) established between languages and dialects. Natural languages are speech, spoken, signed, or both; however, any language can ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antony MacDonnell, 1st Baron MacDonnell
Lord MacDonnell Antony Patrick MacDonnell, 1st Baron MacDonnell, (7 March 1844 – 9 June 1925), known as Sir Antony MacDonnell between 1893 and 1908, was an Irish civil servant, much involved in the administration of India. He was Permanent Under-Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (1902–1908); Member of the Council of India (1902); Privy Councillor (1902); Lieutenant-Governor of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh (1895–1901); Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal (1893–1895); Chief Commissioner of the Central Provinces (1890–1893); Chief Commissioner of Burma (1889–1890); Home Secretary to the Central Government of India (1886–1889); Secretary to the Government of Bengal and the Bengal Legislative Council. MacDonnell sanctioned Rs. 20,000 from the provincial budget in 1900 for the construction of a hostel at Aligarh Muslim University to meet lodging problems of the students at the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College. The construction work was completed in Mar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maharashtra
Maharashtra (; , abbr. MH or Maha) is a states and union territories of India, state in the western India, western peninsular region of India occupying a substantial portion of the Deccan Plateau. Maharashtra is the List of states and union territories of India by population, second-most populous state in India and the second-most populous country subdivision globally. It was formed on 1 May 1960 by splitting the bilingual Bombay State, which had existed since 1956, into majority Marathi language, Marathi-speaking Maharashtra and Gujarati language, Gujarati-speaking Gujarat. Maharashtra is home to the Marathi people, the predominant ethno-linguistic group, who speak the Marathi language, Marathi language, the official language of the state. The state is divided into 6 Divisions of Maharashtra, divisions and 36 List of districts of Maharashtra, districts, with the state capital being Mumbai, the List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India, most populous urban area in India ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dravidian Languages
The Dravidian languages (or sometimes Dravidic) are a family of languages spoken by 250 million people, mainly in southern India, north-east Sri Lanka, and south-west Pakistan. Since the colonial era, there have been small but significant immigrant communities in Mauritius, Myanmar, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, United Kingdom, Australia, France, Canada, Germany, South Africa, and the United States. The Dravidian languages are first attested in the 2nd century BCE, as Tamil-Brahmi script, inscribed on the cave walls in the Madurai and Tirunelveli districts of Tamil Nadu. The Dravidian languages with the most speakers are (in descending order of number of speakers) Telugu, Tamil, Kannada and Malayalam, all of which have long literary traditions. Smaller literary languages are Tulu and Kodava. There are also a number of Dravidian-speaking scheduled tribes, such as the Kurukh in Eastern India and Gondi in Central India. Outside of India, Brahui is mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chief Ministership Of C
Chief may refer to: Title or rank Military and law enforcement * Chief master sergeant, the ninth, and highest, enlisted rank in the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Space Force * Chief of police, the head of a police department * Chief of the boat, the senior enlisted sailor on a U.S. Navy submarine * Chief petty officer, a non-commissioned officer or equivalent in many navies * Chief warrant officer, a military rank Other titles * Chief of the Name, head of a family or clan * Chief mate, or Chief officer, the highest senior officer in the deck department on a merchant vessel * Chief of staff, the leader of a complex organization * Fire chief, top rank in a fire department * Scottish clan chief, the head of a Scottish clan * Tribal chief, a leader of a tribal form of government * Chief, IRS-CI, the head and chief executive of U.S. Internal Revenue Service, Criminal Investigation Places * Chief Mountain, Montana, United States * Stawamus Chief or the Chief, a grani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Justice Party (India)
The Justice Party, officially the South Indian Liberal Federation, was a political party in the Madras Presidency of British India. It was established on 20 November 1916 in Victoria Public Hall in Madras by Dr C. Natesa Mudaliar and co-founded by T. M. Nair, P. Theagaraya Chetty and Alamelu Mangai Thayarammal as a result of a series of non-Brahmin conferences and meetings in the presidency. Communal division between Brahmins and non-Brahmins began in the presidency during the late-19th and early-20th century, mainly due to caste prejudices and disproportionate Brahminical representation in government jobs. The Justice Party's foundation marked the culmination of several efforts to establish an organisation to represent the non-Brahmins in Madras and is seen as the start of the Dravidian Movement. During its early years, the party was involved in petitioning the imperial administrative bodies and British colonial officials demanding more representation for non-Brahmins in go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-Hindi Agitations Of Tamil Nadu
The anti-Hindi-imposition agitations in Tamil Nadu were a series of agitations that happened in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu (formerly Madras State and part of Madras Presidency) during both pre- and post-independence periods. The agitations involved several mass protests, riots, student and political movements in Tamil Nadu concerning the official status of Hindi in the state. The first anti-Hindi-imposition agitation was launched in 1937, in opposition to the introduction of compulsory teaching of Hindi in the schools of Madras Presidency by the first Indian National Congress government led by C. Rajagopalachari (Rajaji). This move was immediately opposed by E. V. Ramasamy (Periyar) and the opposition Justice Party. The agitation, which lasted three years, was multifaceted and involved fasts, conferences, marches, picketing and protests. The government responded with a crackdown resulting in the deaths of two protesters and the arrests of 1,198 persons including women and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kanchan Chandra
Kanchan Chandra (born 20 January 1971) is a political scientist who is currently Professor of Politics at New York University. She has made significant research contributions on a range of subjects in political science including comparative ethnic politics, constructivism, democratic theory, intrastate conflict, patronage and clientelism, and South Asian politics. Chandra graduated from Dartmouth College in 1993, and earned a Ph.D. degree from Harvard University in 2000. She was a faculty member in the political science department at MIT from 2000 to 2005 before joining the NYU Politics Department in 2005. Chandra is the recipient of fellowships and awards from the National Science Foundation, John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, Russell Sage Foundation, and SSRC-MacArthur Foundation. Chandra is the author of three books, as well as numerous academic articles. Her first book ''Why Ethnic Parties Succeed: Patronage and Ethnic Headcounts in India,'' was published by Cambridg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naziruddin Ahmad
Naziruddin Ahmad was a member of the Constituent Assembly of India representing West Bengal. He had been critical of the Drafting Committee and draft constitution of India. He talked about inclusion of interplanetary travel in the constitution. Early life Ahmad was born on 25 December 1889 in Kulia, Bardhaman district, West Bengal. He studied at the Burdwan Raj Collegiate School. He earned a law degree from the Surendranath Law College of the University of Calcutta. Career Ahmad practised law at the Calcutta High Court and the Federal Court of India. In 1919, he was elected vice-chairman of Bardhaman. He was appointed the public prosecutor of Bardhaman district in 1924 and served till 1928. He worked at the Burdwan Muhammedan Association as its secretary. He founded and edited Burdwan Vani. He was also the secretary of Bengal Raiyat Association. Ahmad served in the Bengal Legislative Council and was the whip in the government of A. K. Fazlul Huq Abul Kasem Fazlu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frank Anthony
Frank Anthony (25 September 1908 – 3 December 1993) was a leader of the Anglo-Indian community in India, and was until his death their nominated representative in the Parliament of India except 6th and 9th Lok Sabha. He served as the president of the All India Anglo-Indian Association. He was also the founder of the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE) which operates the ICSE board of Education in India. Early life and education Anthony was born in Jubbulpore (now "Jabalpur") on 25 September 1908. He studied at Nagpur University, and Inner Temple in London and became Bar-at-law. Role in Constituent Assembly In 1942–46, he was a member of the Central Legislative Assembly, and later a member of the Constituent Assembly of India during 1946–50 and represented the Anglo-Indian community in assembly. He was also temporary vice president of Constituent Assembly & he was a part of the Advisory Committee and Sub-committee on Minorities. Career In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seth Govind Das
Seth Govind Das (16 October 1896 – 18 June 1974) was an Indian independence activist and parliamentarian. He belonged to the Maheshwari merchant family of Raja Gokuldas of Jabalpur. The family began as the banking firm of Sevaram Khushalchand, one of the "great firms" as termed by T.A. Timberg. Das was also a Hindi author and supported Hindi as the national language of India. He represented Jabalpur (Lok Sabha constituency), Jabalpur in the Indian Parliament from 1957 to 1974. Das was an associate and follower of Mahatma Gandhi. He was jailed in Damoh for eight months by British, where he wrote four plays 'Prakash' (social), 'Kartavya' (mythological), 'Navras' (philosophical) and a 'Spardha'(one act play).सेठ गोविन्ददास अभिनन्दन ग्रन्थ, नगेन्द्र, चतुर्वेदीमहेन्द्र, सम्पा. सेठ गोविन्ददास हीरक जयन्ती समारो ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raghunath Vinayak Dhulekar
Pandit Raghunath Vinayak Dhulekar (6 January 1891 – 1980) was a prominent Indian freedom fighter, notable pleader & a social leader from Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh who took an active part in the Indian National Movement and Salt March and held many responsible positions in Indian politics including Member of the Parliament of India and Constituent Assembly in 1952. Early life He was born on 6 January 1891 in Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh in a Marathi speaking family; and married Janki Bai on 10 May 1912. He graduated from Calcutta University with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English in 1914. In 1916, he graduated from Allahabad University with a Master of Arts and Bachelor of Laws. He later set up his practice at District Court Jhansi. Amendment in constitution for Hindi language In December 1946, he produced an amendment bill before parliament to work and speak in parliament in Hindi and then translated in English language for all parliamentary members. On 10 December 1946 he del ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
