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Langesundsfjord
The Langesundsfjord (), also known as the Breviksfjord (), is a stretch of fjord from northern Skagerrak, between the islands of Sandøya, Bjørkøya and Siktesøya in Porsgrunn municipality and the mainland of Bamble municipality, in Telemark county in the southeastern part of Norway. Location The fjord stretches from the strait Langesund until Brevik, where it separates into the Frierfjord and the Eidangerfjord. In the mediaeval period the fjord was named ''Grenmar'', after the ''grener'' people who lived here and ''mar'' which was Old Norse for sea. Later, well into the 1700s, the entire stretch from Langesund gap and up to Skien was referred to as Langesundsfjord. Langesundsfjorden is especially noted for the discovery of fluorescent minerals. Many of the minerals found here are relatively rare. Commercial quarrying for decorative stone started in the late 1880s. In 1881, Diderik Cappelen (1856-1935), first found Cappelenite in Langesundsfjorden. Cappelenite, which h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frierfjord
Frierfjorden is a fjord in the Grenland traditional district in the county of Telemark, Norway. It is an arm of the Langesundsfjord and well into the 1700s was also known as the Langesundsfjord. Frierfjorden stretches from the opening to Langesundsfjord in the south to the mouth of the Porsgrunn River in the north. The much smaller fjord of Gunneklevfjord opens into the Porsgrunn/Skien River and is separated from Frierfjorden by the peninsula of Herøya. Frierfjorden narrows to a width of about 300 m at its mouth, Breviksstrømmen, where the town of Brevik sits on the northern side and Stathelle on the southern side. The Brevik Bridge crosses Breviksstrømmen between the two towns. A little further into the fjord the newer Grenland Bridge crosses the fjord, carrying the E18 highway across Norway's highest cable stayed bridge. Frierfjord has a great deal of commercial ship traffic, including to Rafnes, near Herre, in Bamble, Norsk Hydro in Porsgrunn and formerly t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grenland
Grenland is a traditional district in the county of Vestfold og Telemark, in the south-east of Norway. Located in the southeastern part of the county, Grenland is composed of the municipalities Skien, Porsgrunn, Bamble, and Siljan. Sometimes the municipalities Kragerø and Drangedal of the smaller Vestmar region are also considered to be part of the area. The region encompasses 1,794 km2 and has 122,978 inhabitants (2004), which translates as 12% of the area and 64% of the population of Telemark. Grenland is the core of a slightly larger traditional district known as Nedre Telemark ("Lower Telemark") which also includes Bø, Sauherad and Heddal. Grenland, Grænafylket and Vestmar In the early Viking Age, before Harald Fairhair, Grenland, was a petty kingdom. Originally ''Grenland'' was probably the name of the region surrounding the lake Norsjø in Nedre Telemark, however, not identical with Grænafylket which also included the coastal villages. Grænafylket (or Grenafylke ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stathelle
Stathelle is a town in Norway in the municipality of Bamble in the county of Telemark, Norway. History Stathelle was a former municipality in Telemark. It was separated from Bamble as a municipality of its own in 1851. In 1964, the municipalities of Stathelle and Langesund merged with Bamble municipality. With a population of about 8000, Stathelle is situated at the junction of the Langesundsfjord, Frierfjord and Eidangerfjord. Stathelle is an old trading town. In the middle of the 1800s, Stathelle was an enterprising seaport, characterized by the trading house established by Albert Blehr on Kjellestad, which was one of the nation's largest timber exporters. Today there is a marina and a park in the same area. Brevik bridge was constructed during 1962. Previously travelers along the southern highway between Oslo and Stavanger had to take the ferry between the towns of Brevik and Stathelle. Hansen & Arntzen Co AS is a traditional shipyard in Stathelle that specializes in the r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eidangerfjord
Eidangerfjord is a fjord located in Porsgrunn municipality in Telemark county, Norway. It is 6 km long, and stretches between Brevik and the island village of Sandøya. The largest island located in the fjord is Kattøya, located at the head of Eidangerfjord. The shipping harbor for the cement produced by Norcem is located at Brevik. Further in, on the west shore, lies the village of Heistad. Stathelle, with a population of about 8,000, is situated at the junction of the Langesundsfjord and Frierfjord Frierfjorden is a fjord in the Grenland traditional district in the county of Telemark, Norway. It is an arm of the Langesundsfjord and well into the 1700s was also known as the Langesundsfjord. Frierfjorden stretches from the opening to Lange ... with Eidangerfjord. References Porsgrunn Fjords of Vestfold og Telemark {{VestfoldTelemark-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Skien
Skien () is a city and municipality in Vestfold og Telemark county in Norway. In modern times it is regarded as part of the traditional region of Grenland, although historically it belonged to Grenmar/Skiensfjorden, while Grenland referred the Norsjø area and Bø. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Skien. Skien is also the capital of Vestfold og Telemark county. Skien is one of Norway's oldest cities, with an urban history dating back to the Middle Ages, and received privileges as a market town in 1358. From the 15th century, the city was governed by a 12-member council. The modern municipality of Skien was established on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The rural municipalities of Gjerpen and Solum were merged into the municipality of Skien on 1 January 1964. The conurbation of Porsgrunn/Skien is reckoned by Statistics Norway to be the seventh largest urban area in Norway, straddling an area of three municipalities: Skien municipality (abou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Skagerrak
The Skagerrak (, , ) is a strait running between the Jutland peninsula of Denmark, the southeast coast of Norway and the west coast of Sweden, connecting the North Sea and the Kattegat sea area through the Danish Straits to the Baltic Sea. The Skagerrak contains some of the busiest shipping routes in the world, with vessels from every corner of the globe. It also supports an intensive fishing industry. The ecosystem is strained and negatively affected by direct human activities. Oslo and Gothenburg are the only large cities in the Skagerrak region. Name The meaning of ''Skagerrak'' is most likely the Skagen Channel/Strait. Skagen is a town near the northern cape of Denmark (The Skaw). ''Rak'' means 'straight waterway' (compare the Damrak in Amsterdam); it is cognate with '' reach''.Nudansk Ordbog (1993), 15th edition, 2nd reprint, Copenhagen: Politikens Forlag, entry ''Skagerrak''. The ultimate source of this syllable is the Proto-Indo-European root *reg-, 'straight'. ''Rak'' me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brevik Bridge
Brevik Bridge (in Norwegian language, Norwegian ''Breviksbrua'') is one of two bridges that span the mouth of the Frierfjord. It connects the municipalities of Bamble and Porsgrunn in Vestfold og Telemark county. On the west side, in Bamble, lies Stathelle, while on the east side lies Brevik, Norway, Brevik in Porsgrunn. When the bridge opened in May 1962, it was part of European route E18, E18. In 1996, the nearby Grenland Bridge (in Norwegian ''Grenlandsbrua'') opened, taking over this role. Today, it is part of Norwegian national road, national road (in Norwegian ''riksvei, Rv'') 354. Protection In 1997, the Norwegian Public Roads Administration and Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage were ordered to prepare a protection plan for state-owned roadworks in Norway. The final report published in 2002, National Protection Plan for Roads, Bridges, and Road-Related Cultural Heritage, recommended that both Brevik Bridge and Grenland Bridge be protected. On April 17, 2008, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Borosilicate
Borosilicate glass is a type of glass with silica and boron trioxide as the main glass-forming constituents. Borosilicate glasses are known for having very low coefficients of thermal expansion (≈3 × 10−6 K−1 at 20 °C), making them more resistant to thermal shock than any other common glass. Such glass is subjected to less thermal stress and can withstand temperature differentials without fracturing of about . It is commonly used for the construction of reagent bottles and flasks as well as lighting, electronics, and cookware. Borosilicate glass is sold under various trade names, including Borosil, Duran, Pyrex, Glassco, Supertek, Suprax, Simax, Bellco, Marinex (Brazil), BSA 60, BSC 51 (by NIPRO), Heatex, Endural, Schott, Refmex, Kimax, Gemstone Well, and MG (India). Single ended self-starting lamps are insulated with a mica disc and contained in a borosilicate glass gas discharge tube (arc tube) and a metal cap. They include the sodium-vapor lamp that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barium
Barium is a chemical element with the symbol Ba and atomic number 56. It is the fifth element in group 2 and is a soft, silvery alkaline earth metal. Because of its high chemical reactivity, barium is never found in nature as a free element. The most common minerals of barium are baryte ( barium sulfate, BaSO4) and witherite (barium carbonate, BaCO3). The name ''barium'' originates from the alchemical derivative "baryta", from Greek (), meaning 'heavy'. ''Baric'' is the adjectival form of barium. Barium was identified as a new element in 1774, but not reduced to a metal until 1808 with the advent of electrolysis. Barium has few industrial applications. Historically, it was used as a getter for vacuum tubes and in oxide form as the emissive coating on indirectly heated cathodes. It is a component of YBCO (high-temperature superconductors) and electroceramics, and is added to steel and cast iron to reduce the size of carbon grains within the microstructure. Barium compounds ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yttrium
Yttrium is a chemical element with the symbol Y and atomic number 39. It is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and has often been classified as a "rare-earth element". Yttrium is almost always found in combination with lanthanide elements in rare-earth minerals, and is never found in nature as a free element. 89Y is the only stable isotope, and the only isotope found in the Earth's crust. The most important uses of yttrium are LEDs and phosphors, particularly the red phosphors in television set cathode ray tube displays. Yttrium is also used in the production of electrodes, electrolytes, electronic filters, lasers, superconductors, various medical applications, and tracing various materials to enhance their properties. Yttrium has no known biological role. Exposure to yttrium compounds can cause lung disease in humans. The element is named after '' ytterbite'', a mineral first identified in 1787 by the chemist Carl Axel Arrhenius. He n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pegmatite
A pegmatite is an igneous rock showing a very coarse texture, with large interlocking crystals usually greater in size than and sometimes greater than . Most pegmatites are composed of quartz, feldspar, and mica, having a similar silicic composition to granite. However, rarer intermediate composition and mafic pegmatites are known. Many of the world's largest crystals are found within pegmatites. These include crystals of microcline, quartz, mica, spodumene, beryl, and tourmaline. Some individual crystals are over long. Most pegmatites are thought to form from the last fluid fraction of a large crystallizing magma body. This residual fluid is highly enriched in volatiles and trace elements, and its very low viscosity allows molecules to migrate rapidly to join an existing crystal rather than coming together to form new crystals. This allows a few very large crystals to form. While most pegmatites have a simple composition of minerals common in ordinary igneous rock, a few ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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