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Lactonase Active Site
Lactonase (EC 3.1.1.81, acyl-homoserine lactonase; systematic name ''N''-acyl-L-homoserine-lactone lactonohydrolase) is a metalloenzyme, produced by certain species of bacteria, which targets and inactivates acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs). It catalyzes the reaction : an ''N''-acyl-L-homoserine lactone + H2O \rightleftharpoons an ''N''-acyl-L-homoserine Many species of α-, β-, and γ-proteobacteria produce acylated homoserine lactones, small hormone-like molecules commonly used as communication signals between bacterial cells in a population to regulate certain gene expression and phenotypic behaviours. This type of gene regulation is known as quorum sensing. Other names for these types of enzymes are Quorum-quenching ''N''-acyl-homoserine lactonase, acyl homoserine degrading enzyme, acyl-homoserine lactone acylase, AHL lactonase, AHL-degrading enzyme, AHL-inactivating enzyme, AHLase, AhlD, AhlK, AiiA, AiiA lactonase, AiiA-like protein, AiiB, AiiC, AttM, delactonase, lac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is a pattern of the disease arteriosclerosis in which the wall of the artery develops abnormalities, called lesions. These lesions may lead to narrowing due to the buildup of atheroma, atheromatous plaque. At onset there are usually no symptoms, but if they develop, symptoms generally begin around middle age. When severe, it can result in coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease, or kidney problems, depending on which Artery, arteries are affected. The exact cause is not known and is proposed to be multifactorial. Risk factors include dyslipidemia, abnormal cholesterol levels, elevated levels of inflammatory markers, high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, obesity, family history, genetic, and an unhealthy diet. Atheroma, Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood. The narrowing of Artery, arteries limits the flow of oxygen-rich blood to parts of the body. Diagnosis is based upon a physical exam, ele ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gluconolactonase
The enzyme gluconolactonase (EC 3.1.1.17) catalyzes the reaction :D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H2O \rightleftharpoons D-gluconate This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on carboxylic ester bonds. The systematic name is D-glucono-1,5-lactone lactonohydrolase. Other names in common use include lactonase, aldonolactonase, glucono-δ-lactonase, and gulonolactonase. This enzyme participates in three metabolic pathways: pentose phosphate pathway, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, and caprolactam degradation Caprolactam (CPL) is an organic compound with the formula (CH2)5C(O)NH. This colourless solid is a lactam (a cyclic amide) of caproic acid. Global demand for this compound is approximately five million tons per year, and the vast majority is used .... References * * * EC 3.1.1 Enzymes of unknown structure {{3.1-enzyme-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deoxylimonate A-ring-lactonase
The enzyme deoxylimonate A-ring-lactonase (EC 3.1.1.46) catalyzes the reaction :deoxylimonate + H2O \rightleftharpoons deoxylimononic acid D-ring-lactone The reaction opens the A-ring-lactone of the triterpenoid deoxylimonic acid, leaving the D-ring-lactone intact. This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on carboxylic ester bonds. The systematic name A systematic name is a name given in a systematic way to one unique group, organism, object or chemical substance, out of a specific population or collection. Systematic names are usually part of a nomenclature. A semisystematic name or semitrivial ... is deoxylimonate A-ring-lactonohydrolase. References * {{3.1-enzyme-stub EC 3.1.1 Enzymes of unknown structure ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Actinomycin Lactonase
The enzyme actinomycin lactonase (EC 3.1.1.39) catalyzes the reaction :actinomycin + H2O \rightleftharpoons actinomycinic monolactone This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on carboxylic ester bonds. The systematic name A systematic name is a name given in a systematic way to one unique group, organism, object or chemical substance, out of a specific population or collection. Systematic names are usually part of a nomenclature. A semisystematic name or semitrivial ... is actinomycin lactonohydrolase. References * EC 3.1.1 Enzymes of unknown structure {{3.1-enzyme-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3-oxoadipate Enol-lactonase
In enzymology, a 3-oxoadipate enol-lactonase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :3-oxoadipate enol-lactone + H2O \rightleftharpoons 3-oxoadipate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 3-oxoadipate enol-lactone and H2O, whereas its product is 3-oxoadipate. This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on carboxylic ester bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 4-carboxymethylbut-3-en-4-olide enol-lactonohydrolase. Other names in common use include carboxymethylbutenolide lactonase, beta-ketoadipic enol-lactone hydrolase, 3-ketoadipate enol-lactonase, 3-oxoadipic enol-lactone hydrolase, and beta-ketoadipate enol-lactone hydrolase. This enzyme participates in benzoate degradation via hydroxylation Benzoate degradation via hydroxylation is an enzyme-catalyzed, bacterial chemical reaction. Benzoate is degraded aerobically and anaerobically. Aerobic degradation forms catechol. Anaerobic degradation forms cyclohex-1,5- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate Lactonase
The enzyme 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate lactonase (EC 3.1.1.57, LigI) catalyzes the reversible hydrolytic reaction :2-oxo-2''H''-pyran-4,6-dicarboxylate + H2O = (1''E'')-4-oxobut-1-ene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate This enzyme belongs to the Amidohydrolase superfamily of enzymes and is a member of Cluster of Orthologous Groups (COG) 3618. The systematic name of this enzyme is 2-oxo-2''H''-pyran-4,6-dicarboxylate lactonohydrolase. This enzyme is found to play an important role in the metabolism of lignin-derived aromatic compounds in both the syringate degradation pathway and the protocatechuate 4,5-cleavage pathway. LigI from ''Sphingomonas'' is of particular interest as it has been shown to be the first member of the amidohydrolase Amidohydrolases (or amidases) are a type of hydrolase that acts upon amide bonds. They are categorized under EC number EC 3.5.1 and 3.5.2. Examples include: * Beta-lactamase * Histone deacetylase * Urease Ureases (), functionally, belong to t ... superfa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1,4-lactonase
In enzymology, a 1,4-lactonase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the generic chemical reaction: :a 1,4-lactone + HO \rightleftharpoons a 4-hydroxyacid Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 1,4-lactone and HO, whereas its product is 4-hydroxyacid. This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on carboxylic ester bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 1,4-lactone . This enzyme is also called gamma-lactonase. This enzyme participates in galactose metabolism and ascorbate and aldarate metabolism. It employs one cofactor, calcium. Structural studies As of late 2007, three structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes , , and . Applications In a study by Chen et al. a 1,4-lactonase was expressed in E. coli and used as a highly efficient biocatalyst for asymmetric synthesis Enantioselective synthesis, also called asymmetric synthesis, is a form of chemical synthesis. It is defined by IUPAC as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erwinia Carotovora
''Pectobacterium carotovorum'' is a bacterium of the family Pectobacteriaceae; it used to be a member of the genus ''Erwinia''. The species is a plant pathogen with a diverse host range, including many agriculturally and scientifically important plant species. It produces pectolytic enzymes that hydrolyze pectin between individual plant cells. This causes the cells to separate, a disease plant pathologists term bacterial soft rot. Specifically, it causes beet vascular necrosis and blackleg of potato and other vegetables (hence the name ''carotovora'' – "carrot-eater"), as well as slime flux on many different tree species. Currently, there are four described subspecies of ''P. carotovorum'' (''carotovorum, brasiliense, odoriferum'', and ''actinidiae''). This bacterium is a ubiquitous plant pathogen with a wide host range (carrot, potato, tomato, leafy greens, squash and other cucurbits, onion, green peppers, African violets, etc.), able to cause disease in almost any plant tis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'' is a common encapsulated, gram-negative, aerobic–facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that can cause disease in plants and animals, including humans. A species of considerable medical importance, ''P. aeruginosa'' is a multidrug resistant pathogen recognized for its ubiquity, its intrinsically advanced antibiotic resistance mechanisms, and its association with serious illnesses – hospital-acquired infections such as ventilator-associated pneumonia and various sepsis syndromes. The organism is considered opportunistic insofar as serious infection often occurs during existing diseases or conditions – most notably cystic fibrosis and traumatic burns. It generally affects the immunocompromised but can also infect the immunocompetent as in hot tub folliculitis. Treatment of ''P. aeruginosa'' infections can be difficult due to its natural resistance to antibiotics. When more advanced antibiotic drug regimens are needed adverse effects may re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Journal Of Medical Microbiology
The ''International Journal of Medical Microbiology'', formerly the ''Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie'', is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering research on microbiology published by Elsevier. It was established in 1887 by Friedrich Loeffler. The current editor-in-chief is Sebastian Suerbaum (Max von Pettenkofer-Institut). According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2017 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a scientometric index calculated by Clarivate that reflects the yearly mean number of citations of articles published in the last two years in a given journal, as ... of 3.298. References External links * {{Official website, http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/701772/description#description Microbiology journals Elsevier academic journals Publications established in 1887 English-language journals ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Low-density Lipoprotein
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is one of the five major groups of lipoprotein that transport all fat molecules around the body in extracellular water. These groups, from least dense to most dense, are chylomicrons (aka ULDL by the overall density naming convention), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). LDL delivers fat molecules to cells. LDL is involved in atherosclerosis, a process in which it is oxidized within the walls of arteries. Overview Lipoproteins transfer lipids (fats) around the body in the extracellular fluid, making fats available to body cells for receptor-mediated endocytosis. Lipoproteins are complex particles composed of multiple proteins, typically 80–100 proteins per particle (organized by a single apolipoprotein B for LDL and the larger particles). A single LDL particle is about 220–275 angstroms in diameter, typically transporting 3,000 to 6,000 fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
-_Bacterial_soft_rot.jpg "Click for more on -> Erwinia Carotovora")
