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LILO (bootloader)
LILO (Linux Loader) is a bootloader for Linux and was the default boot loader for most Linux distributions . Unlike loadlin, it allowed booting Linux without having DOS on the computer. As of 2009, most distributions have switched to GRUB as the default boot loader. Further development of LILO was discontinued in December 2015 along with a request by Joachim Wiedorn for potential developers. ELILO For EFI-based PC hardware the now orphaned ELILO boot loader was developed, originally by Hewlett-Packard for IA-64 systems, but later also for standard i386 and amd64 hardware with EFI support. On any version of Linux running on Intel-based Apple Macintosh Mac is a brand of personal computers designed and marketed by Apple Inc., Apple since 1984. The name is short for Macintosh (its official name until 1999), a reference to the McIntosh (apple), McIntosh apple. The current product lineup inclu ... hardware, ELILO is one of the available bootloaders. It supports netwo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Werner Almesberger
Werner Almesberger (born 13 August 1967) is an Austrian free software computer programmer and an open-source hardware designer/maker. He is mainly known as a Hacker (free and open source software), hacker of the Linux kernel. Contributions to Linux (Free Software, free software projects) include the LILO (boot loader), LILO boot loader, the initial RAM disk (initrd), the DOS filesystem, MS-DOS file system, much of the Asynchronous Transfer Mode, ATM code, the traffic control configurator, the UML-based simulator umlsim, and the Openmoko (a version of Linux for completely open, low-cost, high-volume phones). Involvement in the Linux kernel While a PhD student in Communications at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL) he did contributions to several key pieces in the early days of the Linux kernel, in particular as developer of DOS file system, LILO (boot loader), LILO bootloader (the most used Linux bootloader during the youth of the Linux kernel project) and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IA-64
IA-64 (Intel Itanium architecture) is the instruction set architecture (ISA) of the discontinued Itanium family of 64-bit Intel microprocessors. The basic ISA specification originated at Hewlett-Packard (HP), and was subsequently implemented by Intel in collaboration with HP. The first Itanium processor, codenamed ''Merced'', was released in 2001. The Itanium architecture is based on explicit instruction-level parallelism, in which the compiler decides which instructions to execute in parallel. This contrasts with superscalar architectures, which depend on the processor to manage instruction dependencies at runtime. In all Itanium models, up to and including '' Tukwila'', cores execute up to six instructions per cycle. In 2008, Itanium was the fourth-most deployed microprocessor architecture for enterprise-class systems, behind x86-64, Power ISA, and SPARC. In 2019, Intel announced the discontinuation of the last of the CPUs supporting the IA-64 architecture. Microsoft Win ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comparison Of Boot Loaders
The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of available bootloaders. General information Technical information Note: The column MBR (Master Boot Record) refers to whether or not the boot loader can be stored in the first sector of a mass storage device. The column VBR (Volume Boot Record) refers to the ability of the boot loader to be stored in the first sector of any partition on a mass storage device. Storage medium support Operating system support File-system support Non-journaled Journaled Read-only Other features Notes {{DEFAULTSORT:Comparison Of Boot Loaders BOOT Loaders ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
/boot/
In Unix-like operating systems, a boot folder is the directory which holds files used in booting the operating system, typically . The usage is standardized within Linux in the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard. Contents The contents are mostly Linux kernel files or boot loader files, depending on the boot loader, most commonly (on Linux) LILO or GRUB. Linux * vmlinux – the Linux kernel * initrd.img – a temporary file system, used prior to loading the kernel * System.map – a symbol lookup table LILO LILO creates and uses the following files: * map – a key file, which records where files needed by LILO during boot are stored. Following kernel upgrades, this file must be regenerated by running the "map installer", which is otherwise the system will not boot. * boot.''xxyy'' – these 512-byte files are backups of boot sectors, either the master boot record (MBR) or volume boot record (VBR), created when LILO overwrites a boot sector. ''xx'' and ''yy'' are the major and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Concurrent Versions System
Concurrent Versions System (CVS, or Concurrent Versioning System) is a version control system originally developed by Dick Grune in July 1986. Design CVS operates as a front end to Revision Control System (RCS), an older version control system that manages individual files but not whole projects. It expands upon RCS by adding support for repository-level change tracking, and a client-server model. Files are tracked using the same history format as in RCS, with a hidden directory containing a corresponding history file for each file in the repository. CVS uses delta compression for efficient storage of different versions of the same file. This works well with large text files with few changes from one version to the next. This is usually the case for source code files. On the other hand, when CVS is told to store a file as binary, it will keep each individual version on the server. This is typically used for non-text files such as executable images where it is difficult ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a network protocol, network management protocol used on Internet Protocol (IP) networks for automatically assigning IP addresses and other communication parameters to devices connected to the network using a client–server architecture. The technology eliminates the need for individually configuring network devices manually, and consists of two network components, a centrally installed network DHCP Server (computing), server and client instances of the protocol stack on each computer or device. When connected to the network, and periodically thereafter, a client Request–response, requests a set of parameters from the server using DHCP. DHCP can be implemented on networks ranging in size from residential networks to large campus networks and regional ISP networks. Many Router (computing), routers and residential gateways have DHCP server capability. Most residential network routers receive a Universally unique identifier, unique ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trivial File Transfer Protocol
The Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) is a simple Lockstep (computing), lockstep communication protocol for transmitting or receiving files in a client-server application. A primary use of TFTP is in the early stages of nodes booting on a local area network when the operating system or firmware images are stored on a file server. TFTP was first standardized in 1981 and updated in . Overview Due to its simple design, TFTP can be easily implemented by code with a small memory footprint. It is, therefore, the protocol of choice for the initial stages of any network booting strategy like Bootstrap Protocol, BOOTP, Preboot Execution Environment, PXE, Boot Service Discovery Protocol, BSDP, etc., when targeting from highly resourced computers to very low resourced Single-board computers (SBC) and System-on-a-chip, System on a Chip (SoC). It is also used to transfer firmware images and configuration files to network appliances like Router (computing), routers, Firewall (computing) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apple Macintosh
Mac is a brand of personal computers designed and marketed by Apple Inc., Apple since 1984. The name is short for Macintosh (its official name until 1999), a reference to the McIntosh (apple), McIntosh apple. The current product lineup includes the MacBook Air and MacBook Pro laptops, and the iMac, Mac Mini, Mac Studio, and Mac Pro desktops. Macs are currently sold with Apple's UNIX-based macOS operating system, which is Proprietary software, not licensed to other manufacturers and exclusively Pre-installed software, bundled with Mac computers. This operating system replaced Apple's original Macintosh operating system, which has variously been named System, Mac OS, and Classic Mac OS. Jef Raskin conceived the Macintosh project in 1979, which was usurped and redefined by Apple co-founder Steve Jobs in 1981. The original Macintosh 128K, Macintosh was launched in January 1984, after Apple's 1984 (advertisement), "1984" advertisement during Super Bowl XVIII. A series of increment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amd64
x86-64 (also known as x64, x86_64, AMD64, and Intel 64) is a 64-bit extension of the x86 instruction set. It was announced in 1999 and first available in the AMD Opteron family in 2003. It introduces two new operating modes: 64-bit mode and compatibility mode, along with a new four-level paging mechanism. In 64-bit mode, x86-64 supports significantly larger amounts of virtual memory and physical memory compared to its 32-bit predecessors, allowing programs to utilize more memory for data storage. The architecture expands the number of general-purpose registers from 8 to 16, all fully general-purpose, and extends their width to 64 bits. Floating-point arithmetic is supported through mandatory SSE2 instructions in 64-bit mode. While the older x87 FPU and MMX registers are still available, they are generally superseded by a set of sixteen 128-bit vector registers (XMM registers). Each of these vector registers can store one or two double-precision floating-point numbers, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
I386
The Intel 386, originally released as the 80386 and later renamed i386, is the third-generation x86 architecture microprocessor from Intel. It was the first 32-bit processor in the line, making it a significant evolution in the x86 architecture. Pre-production samples of the 386 were released to select developers in 1985, while mass production commenced in 1986. The 386 was the central processing unit (CPU) of many workstations and high-end personal computers of the time. The 386 began to fall out of public use starting with the release of the i486 processor in 1989, while in embedded systems the 386 remained in widespread use until Intel finally discontinued it in 2007. Compared to its predecessor the Intel 80286 ("286"), the 80386 added a three-stage instruction pipeline which it brings up to total of 6-stage instruction pipeline, extended the architecture from 16-bits to 32-bits, and added an on-chip memory management unit. This paging translation unit made it muc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Extensible Firmware Interface
Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI, as an acronym) is a specification for the firmware architecture of a computing platform. When a computer is powered on, the UEFI implementation is typically the first that runs, before starting the operating system. Examples include AMI Aptio, Phoenix SecureCore, TianoCore EDK II, and InsydeH2O. UEFI replaces the BIOS that was present in the boot ROM of all personal computers that are IBM PC compatible, although it can provide backwards compatibility with the BIOS using CSM booting. Unlike its predecessor, BIOS, which is a de facto standard originally created by IBM as proprietary software, UEFI is an open standard maintained by an industry consortium. Like BIOS, most UEFI implementations are proprietary. Intel developed the original ''Extensible Firmware Interface'' (''EFI'') specification. The last Intel version of EFI was 1.10 released in 2005. Subsequent versions have been developed as UEFI by the UEFI Forum. UEFI is i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bootloader
A bootloader, also spelled as boot loader or called bootstrap loader, is a computer program that is responsible for booting a computer and booting an operating system. If it also provides an interactive menu with multiple boot choices then it's often called a boot manager. When a computer is turned off, its softwareincluding operating systems, application code, and dataremains stored on non-volatile memory. When the computer is powered on, it typically does not have an operating system or its loader in random-access memory (RAM). The computer first executes a relatively small program stored in the boot ROM, which is read-only memory (ROM, and later EEPROM, NOR flash) along with some needed data, to initialize hardware devices such as CPU, motherboard, memory, storage and other I/O devices, to access the nonvolatile device (usually block device, e.g., NAND flash) or devices from which the operating system programs and data can be loaded into RAM. Some earlier computer systems, u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
