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Kundaram Formation
The Kundaram Formation is a geological formation in India, located within the Pranhita–Godavari Basin. The unit is between 250–400 metres thick and at its base consists of sandstone-mudstone alterations, followed by a sequence dominated by red mudstone with infrequent sandstone lens beds, with minor ferruginous shale within the sandstones. It was deposited in fluvial conditions. It is considered to be Late Permian in age. An abundant terrestrial fauna is known from nodules found near the village of Golleti in the Adilabad district of Telangana, the only such fauna known from the Permian of India. The fauna found includes the dicynodonts ''Endothiodon, Dicynodontoides, Pristerodon ''Pristerodon'' is an extinct genus of dicynodont therapsid from the Late Permian of South Africa, Zambia and India. Paleobiology Brain and senses ''Pristerodon'' were among the earliest land animals able to hear airborne sound as opposed to ...'' and '' Sauroscaptor,'' as well as a small ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telangana
Telangana (; , ) is a States and union territories of India, state in India situated on the south-central stretch of the Indian subcontinent, Indian peninsula on the high Deccan Plateau. It is the List of states and union territories of India by area, eleventh-largest state and the List of states and union territories of India by population, twelfth-most populated state in India with a geographical area of and 35,193,978 residents as per 2011 Census of India, 2011 census. On 2 June 2014, the area was separated from the northwestern part of Andhra Pradesh as the newly formed States and union territories of India, state with Hyderabad as its capital. Its other major cities include Warangal, Nizamabad, Telangana, Nizamabad, Khammam, Karimnagar and Ramagundam. Telangana is bordered by the states of Maharashtra to the north, Chhattisgarh to the northeast, Karnataka to the west, and Andhra Pradesh to the east and south. The terrain of Telangana consists mostly of the Deccan Plateau wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adilabad
Adilabad is a city which serves as the headquarters of Adilabad district, in the Indian state of Telangana. Telugu is the native language of Adilabad. Adilabad is famous for its rich cultivation of cotton. Hence, Adilabad is also referred as "White Gold City". It is located about north of the state capital, Hyderabad, from Nizamabad and from Nagpur. Adilabad is called as the "Gateway to South India". History The earlier name of Adilabad was Edlabad during the rule of Qutub Shahis. Adilabad derives its name from the erstwhile ruler of Bijapur, Muhammad Yusuf Adil Shah. It wasn't a homogenous unit for a long period. Adilabad was ruled by many dynasties like the Kakatiyas, Mauryas, Satavahanas, Chalukyas, Qutub Shahis , Asaf Jahis and by Gond Rajas of earlier sub-districts Sirpur and Chanda. It was created in 1872 by the ruler and In 1905 it was declared to be an independent district with a prominent headquarters. Later many regions were combined and set apart. In 2016 it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lopingian Geology
The Lopingian is the uppermost series/last epoch of the Permian. It is the last epoch of the Paleozoic. The Lopingian was preceded by the Guadalupian and followed by the Early Triassic. The Lopingian is often synonymous with the informal terms late Permian or upper Permian. The name was introduced by Amadeus William Grabau in 1931 and derives from Leping, Jiangxi in China. It consists of two stages/ages. The earlier is the Wuchiapingian and the later is the Changhsingian. The International Chronostratigraphic Chart (v2018/07) provides a numerical age of 259.1 ±0.5 Ma. If a Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) has been approved, the lower boundary of the earliest stage determines numerical age of an epoch. The GSSP for the Wuchiapingian has a numerical age of 259.8 ± 0.4 Ma. Evidence from Milankovitch cycles suggests that the length of an Earth day during this epoch was approximately 22 hours. The Lopingian ended with the Permian–Triassic extinction event. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gorgonopsia
Gorgonopsia (from the Greek Gorgon, a mythological beast, and 'aspect') is an extinct clade of sabre-toothed therapsids from the Middle to Upper Permian roughly 265 to 252 million years ago. They are characterised by a long and narrow skull, as well as elongated upper and sometimes lower canine teeth and incisors which were likely used as slashing and stabbing weapons. Postcanine teeth are generally reduced or absent. For hunting large prey, they possibly used a bite-and-retreat tactic, ambushing and taking a debilitating bite out of the target, and following it at a safe distance before its injuries exhausted it, whereupon the gorgonopsian would grapple the animal and deliver a killing bite. They would have had an exorbitant gape, possibly in excess of 90°, without having to unhinge the jaw. They markedly increased in size as time went on, growing from small skull lengths of in the Middle Permian to bear-like proportions of up to in the Upper Permian. The latest gorgonopsia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Captorhinidae
Captorhinidae (also known as cotylosaurs) is an extinct family of tetrapods, traditionally considered primitive reptiles, known from the late Carboniferous to the Late Permian. They had a cosmopolitan distribution across Pangea. Description Captorhinids are a clade of small to very large lizard-like reptiles that date from the late Carboniferous through the Permian. Their skulls were much stronger than those of their relatives, the Protorothyrididae, and had teeth that were better able to deal with tough plant material. The postcranial skeleton is very similar to that of advanced reptiliomorph amphibians, so much in fact that the amphibian Seymouriamorpha and Diadectomorpha were thought to be reptiles and grouped together in "Cotylosauria" as the first reptiles in the early 20th century. Captorhinids have broad, robust skulls that are generally triangular in shape when seen in dorsal view. The premaxillae are characteristically downturned. The largest captorhinid, the herbivorous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sauroscaptor
''Sauroscaptor'' is a genus of cistecephalid dicynodont from the upper Permian of India, containing one species, ''S. tharavati''. It is remarkable for the extreme placement of its pineal foramen, which bulges out of the posterior margin of its skull. Etymology ''Sauroscaptor'' means "lizard mole" or "lizard digger", and is derived from the Greek word σαῦρος, meaning "lizard", and the Greek word σκάπτω, meaning "digger", which is used as a suffix in the Indian mole genera ''Euroscaptor'' and '' Parascaptor''. The type species, ''S. tharavati'', honors Tharavat S. Kutty, discoverer of the Kundaram Formation fauna that includes ''Sauroscaptor''. History The fossils of ''Sauroscaptor'' show various forms of compression, and were originally interpreted as pertaining to several different genera of dicynodont. However, the shared presence of several unique traits not affected by compression proved that the fossils all belonged to a single endemic species. Description ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pristerodon
''Pristerodon'' is an extinct genus of dicynodont therapsid from the Late Permian of South Africa, Zambia and India. Paleobiology Brain and senses ''Pristerodon'' were among the earliest land animals able to hear airborne sound as opposed to hearing via ground vibrations. A South African specimen studied with neutron tomography has shown evidence of an eardrum on its lower jaw with the implication that it was hearing impaired during the act of chewing. The specimen had a 3mm cavity for cochlea which transformed sound frequency ranges into nerve impulses sent on to the brain. Ecology ''Pristerodon'' has been found in the Kundaram Formation of India, the Madumabisa Mudstone Formation of Zambia, and the Teekloof Formation of South Africa. Gallery File:Dicynodon trigoniceps 1 DB.jpg, Restoration of ''Pristerodon mackayi'' Image:Pristerodon mackayi scale.svg, Size of ''Pristerodon mackayi'' relative to a human See also * List of therapsids This list of therapsids is an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dicynodontoides
''Dicynodontoides'' is a genus of small to medium-bodied, herbivorous, emydopoid dicynodonts from the Late Permian. The name ''Dicynodontoides'' references its “dicynodont-like” appearance (dicynodont = two-dog-tooth) due to the caniniform tusks featured by most members of this infraorder. ''Kingoria'', a junior synonym, has been used more widely in the literature than the more obscure ''Dicynodontoides'', which is similar-sounding to another distantly related genus of dicynodont, ''Dicynodon''. Two species are recognized: ''D. recurvidens'' from South Africa, and ''D. nowacki'' from Tanzania.Angielczyk K.D., Sidor C.A., Nesbitt S.J., Smith R.M.H & Tsuji L.A. 2009. Taxonomic revision and new observations on the postcranial skeleton, biogeography, and biostratigraphy of the dicynodont genus Dicynodontoides, the senior subjective synonym of Kingoria (Therapsida, Anomodontia), ''Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology'', 29:4, 1174-1187, DOI: 10.1671/039.029.0427 ''Dicynodontoides'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endothiodon
''Endothiodon'' (/ɛndoʊθiːoʊdɔːn/ "inner tooth" from Greek endothi (ἔνδοθῐ), "within", and odon (ὀδών), "tooth", most likely named for the characteristic of the teeth being placed internally to the maxillaBoos A. S., Schultz C. L., Vega C. S., Aumond J. J. "On the presence of the Late Permian dicynodont ''Endothiodon'' in Brazil" Palaeontology 56:4, 837-848 (2013)) is an extinct genus of large dicynodont from the Late Permian. Like other dicynodonts, ''Endothiodon'' was an herbivore, but it lacked the two tusks that characterized most other dicynodonts. The anterior portion of the upper and lower jaw are curved upward, creating a distinct beak that is thought to have allowed them to be specialized grazers.Latimer E. M., Gow C. E., Rubidge B. S. "Dentition and feeding niche of ''Endothiodon'' (Synapsida;Anomodontia)" Palaeontologia Africana 32, 75-82 (1995) ''Endothiodon'' was widespread and is found across the southern region of what was then a single large co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dicynodont
Dicynodontia is an extinct clade of anomodonts, an extinct type of non-mammalian therapsid. Dicynodonts were herbivorous animals with a pair of tusks, hence their name, which means 'two dog tooth'. Members of the group possessed a horny, typically toothless beak, unique amongst all synapsids. Dicynodonts first appeared in Southern Pangaea during the mid-Permian, ca. 270–260 million years ago, and became globally distributed and the dominant herbivorous animals in the Late Permian, ca. 260–252 Mya. They were devastated by the end-Permian Extinction that wiped out most other therapsids ca. 252 Mya. They rebounded during the Triassic but died out towards the end of that period. They were the most successful and diverse of the non-mammalian therapsids, with over 70 genera known, varying from rat-sized burrowers to elephant-sized browsers. Characteristics The dicynodont skull is highly specialised, light but strong, with the synapsid temporal openings at the rear of the skull ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Golleti
Goleti is a census town near to Rebbana mandal in Adilabad district, Adilabad District of the Indian state of Telangana. References * * {{Adilabad-geo-stub Census towns in Adilabad district Cities and towns in Adilabad district ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pranhita–Godavari Basin
The Pranhita–Godavari Basin is a northwest–southeast striking geological structural basin (rift basin) in eastern India. The basin contains up to 7 kilometres of sedimentary strata of late Carboniferous/Early Permian to Cretaceous age. The basin is 400 km in length with a width of about 100 km and is terminated by the coast of the Indian Ocean on the southeast end. The Late Permian aged Kundaram Formation has provided a terrestrial vertebrate fauna. The Late Triassic and the Early Jurassic strata in the basin host dinosaur fossils. The Pranhita–Godavari Basin contains four Triassic–Jurassic formations, namely Lower Maleri, Upper Maleri, Lower Dharmaram and Upper Dharmaram. See also * List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations This list of dinosaur-bearing rock formations is a list of geologic formations in which dinosaur fossils have been documented. Containing body fossils * List of stratigraphic units with dinosaur body fossils ** List of stratigraphic units with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
