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Kristiania Match Workers Strike Of 1889
The Kristiania match workers strike was an industrial dispute involving female match workers at the factories ''Bryn'' and ''Grønvold'' in Kristiania in 1889. The strike started when the wages were suddenly reduced by 20% in October 1889, and involved 372 of the female workers. It ended 13 December the same year. The strike attracted considerable public sympathy, including from Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson and Oscar Nissen. The conflict received country-wide publicity. The strike started spontaneously on 24 October, without any leadership or organizers. The editor of '' Social-Demokraten'', Carl Jeppesen, and Oscar Nissen helped organize a meeting among the workers. The requirements from the workers were 12 hours work-days, a payment of per gross matches, and lightening of a harsh fine system. The number of strikers were 266 packers from ''Grønvolds fyrstikkfabrikk'' and 102 from ''Bryn''. Among the outside supporters were the feminist pioneers Fernanda Nissen and Ragna Nielsen. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strike Action
Strike action, also called labor strike, labour strike, or simply strike, is a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal of employees to work. A strike usually takes place in response to employee grievances. Strikes became common during the Industrial Revolution, when mass labor became important in factories and mines. As striking became a more common practice, governments were often pushed to act (either by private business or by union workers). When government intervention occurred, it was rarely neutral or amicable. Early strikes were often deemed unlawful conspiracies or anti-competitive cartel action and many were subject to massive legal repression by state police, federal military power, and federal courts. Many Western nations legalized striking under certain conditions in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Strikes are sometimes used to pressure governments to change policies. Occasionally, strikes destabilize the rule of a particular political party or ruler; i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fine (penalty)
A fine or mulct (the latter synonym typically used in civil law) is a penalty of money that a court of law or other authority decides has to be paid as punishment for a crime or other offense. The amount of a fine can be determined case by case, but it is often announced in advance. The most usual use of the term is for financial punishments for the commission of crimes, especially minor crimes, or as the settlement of a claim. One common example of a fine is money paid for violations of traffic laws. Currently in English common law, relatively small fines are used either in place of or alongside community service orders for low-level criminal offences. Larger fines are also given independently or alongside shorter prison sentences when the judge or magistrate considers a considerable amount of retribution is necessary, but there is unlikely to be significant danger to the public. For instance, fraud is often punished by very large fines since fraudsters are typica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1889 In Norway
Events in the year 1889 in Norway. Incumbents *Monarch – Oscar II *Prime Minister: Johan Sverdrup, then Emil Stang Events * The metric system was introduced in Norway (the actual law having been passed in 1875). * The Scandinavian mile was introduced in Norway. Arts and literature * The local newspaper Farsunds avis was established. * The local newspaper Lindesnes was established. Notable births *20 January – Tryggve Gran, aviator, explorer and author (died 1980) *2 February – Hartmann Bjørnsen, gymnast and Olympic gold medallist (died 1974) *3 February – Andreas Strand, gymnast and Olympic silver medallist (died 1958) *28 February – Hermann Helgesen, gymnast and Olympic silver medallist (died 1963) *16 February – Kristian Mathias Fimland, politician *22 April – Jacob Pedersen, track and field athlete (died 1961) *27 April – Arnulf Øverland, author (died 1968) *2 May – Margit Schiøtt, politician (died 1946) *16 May – Johan Faye, sailor and Oly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gryr I Norden
''Gryr i Norden'' (Dawn in the North) is a Norwegian film from 1939 that was directed by Olav Dalgard. ''Gryr i Norden'' is the last film in the "worker trilogy." The other two films are ''Det drønner gjennom dalen'' (1938) and ''Lenkene brytes'' (1938). The film is about the first major women's strike in Norway, the match workers' strike in Kristiania (now Oslo) in 1889. On the morning of October 23, 1889, the match workers at the Bryn and Grønvold match factories in the city went on strike. Working conditions were miserable, and most of the young women ended up with ruined health after a short period of performing the hazardous work, affected by phosphorus necrosis. Cast * Martin Gisti as Karlsen, a stevedore * Betzy Holter as Andrine, Karlsen's wife * Ragnhild Hald as Halldis, a manager * Solveig Haugan as Maja * Gunvor Hall as Svart-Anna * Ragnhild Hagen as Nilsine * Kolbjørn Brenda as Adolf * Jack Fjeldstad as Krestian * Tryggve Larssen as Oscar Nissen, a doctor * Joac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olav Dalgard
Olav Dalgard (June 19, 1898 – December 25, 1980) was a Norwegian literary and art historian, filmmaker, author and educator. Biography Dalgard was born Olaf Hanssen in Folldal, in Hedmark, Norway. From the age of three, he was raised at Oppdal in Trøndelag. He earned an M.A. degree in literature and art history at the University of Oslo in 1929. He was an advocate of the use of Nynorsk and served as the chairman of the student Nynorsk association. He was also involved in the Mot Dag movement. Dalgard worked as a literary critic for the newspapers ''Dagbladet'' and ''Arbeiderbladet''. Dalgard took over as dramatic advisor and instructor for Det Norske Teateret in 1931 and was involved with the theater for 48 years. He studied film in the Soviet Union and in the 1930s produced several films with a socialist message. Dalgard was also active in the Norwegian Labour Party's cultural operations. During the Occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany, Dalgard was arrested in 1942, held ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arbeidernes Leksikon
(''The Laborers' Encyclopedia'') is a Norwegian encyclopedia published in six volumes in the 1930s. It was the first reference book in Norwegian to have a pronounced class bias, and the first encyclopedia outside of the Soviet Union to be directed specifically at the working class. The publication had a connection with the Norwegian labor movement's goal to spread knowledge among the working and lower class, and in doing so could break the monopoly the middle class had on the dissemination of information in society. They thought that the existing encyclopedias had a middle class bias. The idea of such an encyclopedia came within the group that produced the laborers' magazine '' Arbeidermagasinet''. This magazine was produced from 1927 by members of the Communist Party of Norway (founded 1923). Communist Party member Jakob Friis was hired as chief editor of the encyclopedia in 1930. (description of research project) The work was published by the ''Arbeidermagasinet'''s publis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ragna Nielsen
Ragna Vilhelmine Nielsen (née Ullmann) (17 July 1845 – 29 September 1924) was a Norwegian pedagogue, school headmistress, publicist, organizer, politician and feminist. Personal life Ragna Nielsen was born in Christiania (now Oslo) to Jørgen Axel Nicolai Ullmann and his wife, pedagogist, publicist, literary critic and feminist Cathrine Johanne Fredrikke Vilhelmine Dunker. She married Ludvig Nielsen in 1879, and settled with her husband in Tromsø. The couple was separated in 1884, when she moved back to Kristiania. She was the sister of politician Viggo Ullmann. Career As a child Ragna attended her mother's school for girls, and then attended Hartvig Nissen's private school for girls until 1860. From 1862, she received an assignment at Nissen's school, where she taught until 1879. She was a teacher in Tromsø until 1884. She established the school in Kristiania in 1885. It was started as a girls' school, but soon became a common school for both girls and boys. She was t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fernanda Nissen
Petra Gregorine Fernanda Nissen (née Thomesen; 15 August 1862 – 3 April 1920) was a Norwegian journalist, literary critic, theatre critic, politician and feminist pioneer. Early and personal life Fernanda Thomesen was born in Sannidal, as the daughter of ship owner and consul Thomes Thomesen and Bertha Marthine Olea Debes. She was a niece of Ole Thomesen. She was married to newspaper editor and politician Lars Holst from 1882 to 1895, and to physician Oscar Egede Nissen from 1895 to 1911. Through her sister Sophie, she was sister-in-law of painter and illustrator Erik Werenskiold, and an aunt of Werner and Dagfin Werenskiold. Career Nissen worked several years as a teacher, and later journalist. She was journalist for ''Dagbladet'' in the 1880s, and literary critic and theatre critic for the newspaper '' Social-Demokraten'' from 1892 to 1918. She was chairwoman for ''Fyrstikkarbeidernes fagforening'' from its establishment in 1889. She edited the magazine ''Kvinden' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gross (unit)
In English and related languages, several terms involving the words "great" or "gross" relate to numbers involving a multiple of exponents of twelve (dozen): *A gross refers to a group of 144 items (a dozen dozen or a square dozen, 122). *A great gross refers to a group of 1728 items (a dozen gross or a cubic dozen, 123)... *A small gross or a great hundred refers to a group of 120 items (ten dozen, 10×12). The term can be abbreviated ''gr.'' or ''gro.'', and dates from the early 15th century. It derives from the Old French ''grosse douzaine'', meaning "large dozen”. The continued use of these terms in measurement and counting represents the duodecimal number system. This has led groups such as the Dozenal Society of America to advocate for wider use of "gross" and related terms instead of the decimal system.. See also * Long hundred The long hundred, also known as the great hundred or twelfty, is the number 120 (in base-10 Arabic numerals) that was referred to as "hun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Match
A match is a tool for starting a fire. Typically, matches are made of small wooden sticks or stiff paper. One end is coated with a material that can be ignited by friction generated by striking the match against a suitable surface. Wooden matches are packaged in matchboxes, and paper matches are partially cut into rows and stapled into matchbooks. The coated end of a match, known as the match "head", consists of a bead of active ingredients and binder, often colored for easier inspection. There are two main types of matches: safety matches, which can be struck only against a specially prepared surface, and strike-anywhere matches, for which any suitably frictional surface can be used. Because of the substance used to coat each match, this makes them non- biodegradable. Etymology Historically, the term ''match'' referred to lengths of cord (later cambric) impregnated with chemicals, and allowed to burn continuously. These were used to light fires and fire guns (see matchlock) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carl Jeppesen
Carl Jeppesen (16 March 1858 – 26 January 1930) was a Danish-born Norwegian worker, newspaper editor and politician. He edited the newspaper ''Social-Demokraten'' from 1887 to 1892, and from 1906 to 1912. He was among the founders of the Norwegian Labour Party, and served as chairman for two periods, from 1890 to 1892, and from 1894 to 1897. He was Mayor of Kristiania from 1917 to 1919. Personal life Jeppesen was born in Copenhagen as the son of Jens Jeppesen and Marie Fredrikke Petrine Tauer. He grew up in Copenhagen with adoptive parents, having been adopted as a one-year-old child. He married Hulda Johanne Schmidt in 1878. He died in Oslo in 1930. Career Jeppesen started working as a cigar riddler. After periods of unemployment he settled in Kristiania in 1878, working as brushmaker. He founded a brush factory in 1881, which he run along with his wife until 1887. In 1885 Jeppesen joined the organization Den socialdemokratiske Forening. From 1886 he chaired the organiz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dagsavisen
''Dagsavisen'' is a daily newspaper published in Oslo, Norway. The former party organ of the Norwegian Labour Party, the ties loosened over time from 1975 to 1999. It has borne several names, and was called ''Arbeiderbladet'' from 1923 to 1997. Eirik Hoff Lysholm is editor-in-chief. The newspaper depends on economic support from the Norwegian Government. History ''Dagsavisen'' was established by Christian Holtermann Knudsen in 1884 under the name ''Vort Arbeide'' ('Our Work' in archaic Riksmål), and was affiliated with the trade union center ''Fagforeningernes Centralkomité''. Holtermann Knudsen also had to establish his own printing press since the existing printing presses did not want to be affiliated with a labourer's newspaper. The fledgling project was marred by economic problems, and the burden of writing, editing, and printing lay chiefly on Knudsen. In 1885 the newly founded association ''Socialdemokratisk Forening'' formally took over the newspaper. The name was chan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
