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Khunzakh
Khunzakh ( av, Хунзахъ, , russian: Хунзах) is a rural locality (a '' selo'') and the administrative center of Khunzakhsky District in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia, located in the North Caucasus mountains above sea level. Population: History It is widely accepted among historians that in the period of 5th to 12th century AD, Khunzakh, known as Humraj, was the capital of Sarir, a powerful Christian state in the mountains of Caucasus. Khunzakh served as the capital of the Caucasian Avar Khanate from the early 13th century until the Caucasian War which ended with the annexation of the khanate into Russia in 1864. During the Russian Empire, the settlement was the administrative capital of the Avarsky Okrug. Culture Khunzakh is considered the cultural heart of the Caucasian Avar region. Notable Natives Heroes of Socialist Labor: * Khazha Murtuzalievna Lokalova (December 15, 1920-2001), teacher of the Khunzakh secondary school (Dagestan ASSR), Hero of Socialist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khunzakhsky District
Khunzakhsky District (russian: Хунзахский райо́н; av, Хунзахъ мухъ) is an administrativeLaw #16 and municipalLaw #6 district (raion), one of the administrative divisions of the Republic of Dagestan, forty-one in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located in the western central part of the republic. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the types of inhabited localities in Russia, rural locality (a ''village#Russia, selo'') of Khunzakh. As of the Russian Census (2010), 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 31,691, with the population of Khunzakh accounting for 13.4% of that number. Administrative and municipal status Within the subdivisions of Russia#Administrative divisions, framework of administrative divisions, Khunzakhsky District is one of the administrative divisions of the Republic of Dagestan, forty-one in the Republic of Dagestan. The district is divided into fifteen selsoviets which comprise fifty-n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surakat I
Surakat I or Suraka ( Avar: Суракъат I, 12th-century) was an Avar nutsal (ruler), who ruled in the 11th–13th and the son of previous ruler Saratan. Origin The discussion about the dates of Surakat's life has not yet been fully resolved. There are various opinions, which are mainly based on Arabic sources. Most authors say that Surakat lived most likely at the end of the 11th – beginning of the 12th century. Amri Shikhsaidov and Alexander Crishtopa based on the message of the historical work "The story of Argvani" suggest that the he was born around 1190 and died in 1250 years, a few years before the first campaign of the ghazis on Khunzakh. Biography According to the " Notes of the Imperial Geographical Society", Surakat "ruled over the peoples from Shamakhi to the borders of Kabarda region and the Chechens and Tushi were in dependence on him". Muhammad Rafi writes about Surakat in "Tarikhi Dagestan" that he was the lord of the Avar lands, an apostate strong ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amir-Sultan I (Avar Nutsal)
Andunik ( Avar: ''ГӏандуникӀ'') or Amir-Sultan ( Avar: ''ГӀамир-СултӀан I'', late 12th – early 13th-centuries) was an Avar nutsal (ruler), who ruled in the 13th century and the son of Bayar II. Biography According to the " Tarikhi Dagestan", about 40 years had passed since Masum bek came to power in Avar lands, by the time his great-grandson Amir-Ahmad ibn Chupan began to rule Khunzakh. Approximately 30 years after the death of the nutsal (ruler) Abu Muslim, Amir-Sultan gathered an army from the Tsezes, Andians, Alans and others and with the help of his supporters in Khunzakh attacked the Ghazis. Among them was the ruler of Avar lands Amir-Ahmad ibn Chufan. The ghazis fled and some of them were taken prisoner. All those Chechens, Tushetians and others who converted to Islam immediately turned away from him and joined nutsal, who in gratitude to the Chechens gave them the village of Rikvani in their personal possession. During the capture of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Umma Khan V
Umma Khan V (Omar Khan) Avar nicknamed Great liev B.G. General R.F.Rosen’s work “Description of Chechnya and Dagestan” https://caucasushistory.ru/2618-6772/article/view/19/19/ Bulletin of the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2017 or Mad (; 1761 or 1762, Khunzakh - March 22, 1801, Balaken) — Avar nutsal, ruler of Avar Khanate from 1774 to 1801. Under Khan, the Avar Khanate expanded its borders both by subordinating the Avar free societies, and at the expense of neighboring territories. Khan was paid tributes by the Georgian king Erekle II, Derbent, Quba, Baku, Shirvan, Shaki khans and Akhaltsikhe pasha Early life He was born in 1761, Avar village of Khunzakh to Muhammad IV, khan of Avars and his wife Bakha, daughter of Ahmad Khan, Utsmi of Kaitags. He had three full sisters and a half-brother named Gebek. His father Muhammad was a rival of Fatali Khan of Quba. He marched on Shamakhi in alliance with Aghasi Khan in 1774, however was forced t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bayar II
Bayar or Baysar, also Bayar-Abbas, Bayrampas ( Avar: ''Байcар'', ''Байар'', 12th-century), was an Avar nutsal (ruler), who ruled in the 12th century and the son of previous ruler Surakat I. Biography One of the legends says that during the reign of his father Surakat in Khunzakh a detachment of ghazis led by Abu Muslim invaded the Avar lands. The Khunzakh people did not want to convert to Islam and in the place called Achisal there was a major battle between them and the Arab troops. Surakat died during the battle and his son Bayar fled to Tusheti region. After the inhabitants of Khunzakh converted to Islam, they were ruled by one of the descendants of Sheikh Ahmad named Masum bek, who was replaced by Sheikh Abu Muslim with the titles of Imam, wali and hakim.{{Cite web , last=Aitberov , first=Timur , title=Ancient Khundzia , url=https://mylektsii.su/5-56545.html , access-date=2023-02-15 , website=mylektsii.su Bayar, who fled to Georgian lands recruited an army ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avar People (Caucasus)
The Avars, also known as ''Maharuls'' ( Avar: , , "mountaineers") are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group. The Avars are the largest of several ethnic groups living in the Russian republic of Dagestan. The Avars reside in the North Caucasus between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. Alongside other ethnic groups in the North Caucasus region, the Avars live in ancient villages located approximately 2,000 m above sea level. The Avar language spoken by the Caucasian Avars belongs to the family of Northeast Caucasian languages. Sunni Islam has been the prevailing religion of the Avars since the 13th century. Ethnonyms According to 19th-century Russian historians, the Avars' neighbors usually referred to them as Tavlins (''tavlintsy''). This is an exonym. Vasily Potto wrote that those to the south usually knew them as Tavlins (''tavlintsy''). Potto wrote, "The words in different languages have the same meaning... fmountain dwellers rhighlanders."''В. А. Потто.'Кавказс ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avar Language
Avar (, , "language of the mountains" or , , "Avar language"), also known as Avaric, is a Northeast Caucasian language of the Avar–Andic subgroup that is spoken by Avars, primarily in Dagestan. In 2010, there were approximately 1 million speakers in Dagestan and elsewhere in Russia. Geographic distribution It is spoken mainly in the western and southern parts of the Russian Caucasus republic of Dagestan, and the Balaken, Zaqatala regions of north-western Azerbaijan. Some Avars live in other regions of Russia. There are also small communities of speakers living in the Russian republics of Chechnya and Kalmykia; in Georgia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Jordan, and the Marmara Sea region of Turkey. It is spoken by about 762,000 people worldwide. UNESCO classifies Avar as vulnerable to extinction. Status It is one of six literary languages of Dagestan, where it is spoken not only by the Avar, but also serves as the language of communication between different ethnic groups. Dialec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sarir
Sarir or Serir was a medieval Christian state lasting from the 6th or 7th century to the 12th century in the mountainous regions of modern-day Dagestan. Its name is derived from the Arabic word for "throne" and refers to a golden throne that was viewed as a symbol of royal authority. Origin Sarir was first documented as a political entity in the 6th century AD. The memory of its foundation was transmitted orally among the Caucasian Avars. According to one legend, the kingdom was established by a Persian general who was sent to control the Caucasus by a Sassanian king. This legend is corroborated by the names of local kings, which are normally of Persian or even Syrian etymology. Sarir bordered the Khazars to the north, the Durdzuks to the west and northwest, the Georgians and Derbent to the south. As the state was Christian, Arab historians erroneously viewed it as a dependency of the Byzantine Empire. The capital of Sarir was the city of Humraj, tentatively identified with t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saratan I
Saratan I or Sirtan (11th-century) was a nutsal (ruler) of the state formation Avar Nutsaldom. Origin In the historical chronicle of Muhammad Rafi (XIV century) "Tarikhi Dagestan" a genealogy is given in which Sirtan is called the son of Uruskhan and their origin goes back to the ruler Abuhosro. Biography In "Tarikhi Dagestan" it is said that the penultimate pre-Islamic ruler of Avar lands was prince Surakat, who had an ancient Arabic name and was the son of Saratan. According to the “History of the village of Argvani”, the named Surakat ruled between 1038–39 and 1247–48, according to some data in the 11th-century, according to others in the 12th-century. If Saratan lived in the first half of the 13th century, then his ancestor Uruskhan falls on the 7th century, in the period before the Arab invasion. The medieval Christian Dagestan state of Sarir began to fall apart due to confrontation and internal wars between the inhabitants of Christians, Jews, pagans and M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republic Of Dagestan
Dagestan ( ; rus, Дагеста́н, , dəɡʲɪˈstan, links=yes), officially the Republic of Dagestan (russian: Респу́блика Дагеста́н, Respúblika Dagestán, links=no), is a republics of Russia, republic of Russia situated in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe, along the Caspian Sea. It is located north of the Greater Caucasus, and is a part of the North Caucasian Federal District. The republic is the southernmost tip of Russia, sharing land borders with the countries of Azerbaijan and Georgia (country), Georgia to the south and southwest, the Russian republics of Chechnya and Kalmykia to the west and north, and with Stavropol Krai to the northwest. Makhachkala is the republic's capital city, capital and types of inhabited localities in Russia, largest city; other major cities are Derbent, Kizlyar, Izberbash, Kaspiysk and Buynaksk. Dagestan covers an area of , with a population of over 3.1 million, consisting of over 30 ethnic groups and 81 nati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avar Khanate
The Avar Khanate, the Avar Nutsaldom ( av, Avar Nutsallhi; russian: Аварское ханство), also known as Khundzia or Avaria, was a long-lived Avar state, which controlled mountainous parts of Dagestan (in the North Caucasus) from the early 13th century to the 19th century. History Between the 5th and 12th centuries, Georgian Orthodox Christianity was introduced to the Avar valleys. The fall of the Christian Kingdom of Sarir in the early 12th century and later weakening of neighbouring Georgians by the Mongol invasions, who made their first appearance in the Caucasus with approximately 20,000 warriors led by Subutai and Jebe, terminated further Christian Georgian presence in this area. In fact, numerous traces of Christianity (crosses, chapels) are found within the Avar territory and it is now assumed that Christianity, penetrating from Georgia, survived among the Avars down to the 14th-15th centuries. After ravaging Georgia, the Mongols cut across the Caucasus Mount ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
