Saratan I or Sirtan
(11th-century) was a
nutsal (ruler) of the state formation
Avar Nutsaldom.
Origin
In the historical chronicle of
Muhammad Rafi
Mohammed Rafi (24 December 1924 – 31 July 1980) was an Indian playback singer and musician. He is considered to have been one of the greatest and most influential singers of the Indian subcontinent. Rafi was notable for his versatility and ...
(XIV century) "Tarikhi Dagestan" a
genealogy
Genealogy () is the study of families, family history, and the tracing of their lineages. Genealogists use oral interviews, historical records, genetic analysis, and other records to obtain information about a family and to demonstrate kins ...
is given in which Sirtan is called the son of Uruskhan and their origin goes back to the ruler
Abuhosro.
Biography
In "Tarikhi Dagestan" it is said that the penultimate pre-Islamic ruler of
Avar lands was prince Surakat, who had an ancient
Arabic
Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic languages, Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C ...
name and was the son of Saratan.
According to the “History of the village of Argvani”, the named Surakat ruled between 1038–39 and 1247–48,
according to some data in the 11th-century,
according to others in the 12th-century. If Saratan lived in the first half of the 13th century, then his ancestor
Uruskhan falls on the 7th century, in the period before the
Arab invasion
The spread of Islam spans about 1,400 years. Muslim conquests following Muhammad's death led to the creation of the caliphates, occupying a vast geographical area; conversion to Islam was boosted by Arab Muslim forces conquering vast territorie ...
.
The medieval Christian
Dagestan
Dagestan ( ; rus, Дагеста́н, , dəɡʲɪˈstan, links=yes), officially the Republic of Dagestan (russian: Респу́блика Дагеста́н, Respúblika Dagestán, links=no), is a republic of Russia situated in the North C ...
state of
Sarir began to fall apart due to confrontation and internal wars between the inhabitants of
Christians
Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρι ...
,
Jews
Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...
,
pagans Pagans may refer to:
* Paganism, a group of pre-Christian religions practiced in the Roman Empire
* Modern Paganism, a group of contemporary religious practices
* Order of the Vine, a druidic faction in the ''Thief'' video game series
* Pagan's ...
and
Muslims
Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abraha ...
. In the 11th century, its western lands (modern
Botlikh,
Tsumadin and
Akhvakh districts) broke away from Sarir, which were formed into the
Andi Andi or ANDI may refer to:
People and fictional characters
* Andy (given name), including people and fictional characters with the name Andi
* Andi people, an ethnic group of Dagestan, Russia
Places
* Andi, Guizhou, a town in Jinsha County, Gu ...
possession.
According to
E. M. Schilling, “the entire territory along the left bank of the
Andi Koysu river is considered as belonging to Zhugyutkhan (literally “Jewish Khan”), and the right-bank lands belong to Surakat of Avar.”
“According to the historical legends of the
Andi Andi or ANDI may refer to:
People and fictional characters
* Andy (given name), including people and fictional characters with the name Andi
* Andi people, an ethnic group of Dagestan, Russia
Places
* Andi, Guizhou, a town in Jinsha County, Gu ...
valley village of
Muni
Muni may refer to:
Municipal
* A common US abbreviation for municipal, municipal services, and the like
*Municipal bond
*Municipal Bridge, the former name of the George Rogers Clark Memorial Bridge in Louisville, Kentucky
*"Muni", slang for a mu ...
,” wrote
M. A. Aglarov, “there once existed a vast state, headed by Zhugyut Khan".
Nutsal Saratan received tribute from the subject population in
Dagestan
Dagestan ( ; rus, Дагеста́н, , dəɡʲɪˈstan, links=yes), officially the Republic of Dagestan (russian: Респу́блика Дагеста́н, Respúblika Dagestán, links=no), is a republic of Russia situated in the North C ...
itself and beyond.
The river al-Ghanam (
Arabic: "Sheep River"), which crosses
Avar lands and which is large freezing in winter and flows into the
Caspian Sea
The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, often described as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea. An endorheic basin, it lies between Europe and Asia; east of the Caucasus, west of the broad steppe of Central Asia ...
Vladimir Minorsky
Vladimir Fyodorovich Minorsky (russian: Владимир Фёдорович Минорский; – March 25, 1966) was a Russian Orientalist best known for his contributions to the study of Persian, Lurish and Kurdish history, geography, ...
identifies with
Sulak river. At the outlet of the Sulak river from the mountain gorges to the Caspian plain, the northern capital, the ancient town of
Gelbach was located.
Saratan was succeeded by his son
Surakat I
Surakat I or Suraka ( Avar: Суракъат I, 12th-century) was an Avar nutsal (ruler), who ruled in the 11th–13th and the son of previous ruler Saratan.
Origin
The discussion about the dates of Surakat's life has not yet been fully resol ...
,
who ruled not from Khunzakh, but from
Tanusi,
while Surakat's brother, another son of Saratan named Kakhru had a residence in
Gelbakh.
[{{Cite book , last=Ataev M. M. , title=Avaria in the 10th–15th centuries , year=195 , location=Makhachkala , pages=126]
See also
*
Surakat I
Surakat I or Suraka ( Avar: Суракъат I, 12th-century) was an Avar nutsal (ruler), who ruled in the 11th–13th and the son of previous ruler Saratan.
Origin
The discussion about the dates of Surakat's life has not yet been fully resol ...
*
Avar Khanate
*
Avars (Caucasus)
The Avars, also known as ''Maharuls'' ( Avar: , , "mountaineers") are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group. The Avars are the largest of several ethnic groups living in the Russian republic of Dagestan. The Avars reside in the North Caucasus b ...
*
History of Dagestan
Historically, Dagestan (partially ancient Albania) consisted of a federation of mountainous principalities in the eastern part of the North Caucasus. Located at the crossroads of world civilizations of north and south, Dagestan was the scene of cl ...
References
Sources
*
Rafi, Muhammad. "Tarihi Dagestan —
History of Dagestan
Historically, Dagestan (partially ancient Albania) consisted of a federation of mountainous principalities in the eastern part of the North Caucasus. Located at the crossroads of world civilizations of north and south, Dagestan was the scene of cl ...
".
* Semyonov, Nanu (1895). ''Natives of the northeastern Caucasus''.
St. Petersburg. p. 502.
*
Bakikhanov, Abbasgulu. "Golestan-e Eram (The Blooming Flower Garden)".
Baku
Baku (, ; az, Bakı ) is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea and of the Caucasus region. Baku is located below sea level, which makes it the lowest lying national capital in the world a ...
: Elm. p. 31.
* Aliev, Bagmomed (2002). "The struggle of the peoples of Dagestan against foreign invaders".
Makhachkala. ISBN 5-94434-009-6.
Avar Khans
Khans
11th-century rulers in Asia
11th-century rulers
11th-century rulers in Europe
Avar Khanate
History of Dagestan