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Khasekhemwy
Khasekhemwy (ca. 2690 BC; ', also rendered ''Kha-sekhemui'') was the last Pharaoh of the Second Dynasty of Egypt. Little is known about him, other than that he led several significant military campaigns and built the mudbrick fort known as Shunet El Zebib. His Horus name ' can be interpreted "The Two Powerful Ones Appear", but the name is recorded in many variants, such as ''Ḥr-Ḫꜥj-sḫm(Horus, he whose power appears)", '' ḫꜥj sḫm.wj ḫtp nṯrwj jm=f(the two powers appear in that the ancestors rest within him)"(etc.) Date of reign Khasekhemwy ruled for close to 18 years, with a ''floruit'' in the early 27th century BC. The exact date of his reign in Egyptian chronology is unclear but would fall roughly in between 2690–2670 BC. According to Toby Wilkinson's study of the Palermo Stone in ''Royal Annals of Ancient Egypt'', this near contemporary 5th dynasty document assigns Khasekhemwy a reign of 17.5 or nearly 18 full years. Wilkinson suggests that a reig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khasekhemwy Horus-Seth Serekh
Khasekhemwy (ca. 2690 BC; ', also rendered ''Kha-sekhemui'') was the last Pharaoh of the Second Dynasty of Egypt. Little is known about him, other than that he led several significant military campaigns and built the mudbrick fort known as Shunet El Zebib. His Horus name ' can be interpreted "The Two Powerful Ones Appear", but the name is recorded in many variants, such as ''Ḥr-Ḫꜥj-sḫm(Horus, he whose power appears)", '' ḫꜥj sḫm.wj ḫtp nṯrwj jm=f(the two powers appear in that the ancestors rest within him)"(etc.) Date of reign Khasekhemwy ruled for close to 18 years, with a ''floruit'' in the early 27th century BC. The exact date of his reign in Egyptian chronology is unclear but would fall roughly in between 2690–2670 BC. According to Toby Wilkinson's study of the Palermo Stone in ''Royal Annals of Ancient Egypt'', this near contemporary 5th dynasty document assigns Khasekhemwy a reign of 17.5 or nearly 18 full years. Wilkinson suggests that a re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Djoser
Djoser (also read as Djeser and Zoser) was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the 3rd Dynasty during the Old Kingdom, and was the founder of that epoch. He is also known by his Hellenized names Tosorthros (from Manetho) and Sesorthos (from Eusebius). He was the son of King Khasekhemwy and Queen Nimaathap, but whether he was also the direct successor to their throne is unclear. Most Ramesside king lists identify a king named ''Nebka'' as preceding him, but there are difficulties in connecting that name with contemporary Horus names, so some Egyptologists question the received throne sequence. Djoser is known for his step pyramid, which is the earliest colossal stone building in ancient Egypt. Identity The painted limestone statue of Djoser, now in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, is the oldest known life-sized Egyptian statue. Today, at the site in Saqqara where it was found, a plaster copy of it stands in place of the original. The statue was discovered during the Antiquities ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seth-Peribsen
Seth-Peribsen (also known as Ash-Peribsen, Peribsen and Perabsen) is the serekh name of an early Egyptian monarch (pharaoh), who ruled during the Second Dynasty of Egypt (c. 2890 – c. 2686 BC). His chronological position within this dynasty is unknown and it is disputed who ruled both before and after him. The duration of his reign is also unknown. Peribsen's name is unusual, in that Set, not Horus, was his patron deity. This goes against the Egyptian tradition of a king choosing the falcon-shaped deity Horus as his royal patron. Peribsen's tomb was discovered in 1898 at Abydos. It was well preserved and showed traces of restoration undertaken during later dynastic periods. Attestations Contemporaneous sources The serekh for Peribsen was found pressed in earthen jar seals made of clay and mud and in inscriptions on alabaster, sandstone, porphyry and black schist vessels. These seals and vessels were excavated from Peribsen's tomb and at an excavation site in Ele ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nimaathap
Nimaathap (also read as Nima'at-Hapi and Nihap-ma'atSilke Roth: ''Die Königsmütter des Alten Ägypten von der Frühzeit bis zum Ende der 12. Dynastie'' (= ''Ägypten und Altes Testament'', vol. 46). Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2001, , p. 383.) was an ancient Egyptian queen consort at the transition time from 2nd Dynasty to 3rd Dynasty. Nimaathap may have acted as regent for her son Djoser.Joyce A. Tyldesley, Chronicle of the Queens of Egypt: From Early Dynastic Times to the Death of Cleopatra, Thames & Hudson, 2006 She is known to have enjoyed a long-lasting mortuary cult.Joyce Tyldesley: ''Chronicle of the queens of Egypt: from early dynastic times to the death of Cleopatra''. Thames & Hudson, London 2006, , p. 25 & 35 - 39. Attestations Nimaathap's name appears on clay seal impressions discovered mostly in the tomb of king (pharaoh) Khasekhemwy, the last ruler of the 2nd dynasty. Other seals were found at Beit Khallaf at the burial sites of the mastaba tombs ''K1'' and ''K2''; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shunet El Zebib
Shunet El Zebib (Arabic:شونة الزبيب lit. "raisin barn" or "storage of the raisins"), alternatively named Shuneh and Middle Fort, is a large mudbrick structure located at Abydos in Upper Egypt. The edifice dates to the Second Dynasty (c. 2700 BC.), and was built by the ancient Egyptian king (pharaoh) Khasekhemwy. Description Shunet El Zebib is made of hardened mudbricks. It consists of two rectangular surrounding walls, interlaced like a shoe box. The outer wall measures 137 × 77 m and is c. 5 m thick and 12 m high. The inner wall (perimeter wall) measures 123 × 56 m and is c. 3 m thick and 8 m high. The facade of the outer wall was niched, imitating a royal palace facade. The enclosure provides two entrances, one at the eastern corner, one at the northern corner. These entrances once consisted of massive, stone-made door jambs, the material of the door wings is unknown.Matthew Douglas Adams & David O'Connor. "The Shunet El Zebib at A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shunet Ez Zebib
Shunet El Zebib (Arabic:شونة الزبيب lit. "raisin barn" or "storage of the raisins"), alternatively named Shuneh and Middle Fort, is a large mudbrick structure located at Abydos in Upper Egypt. The edifice dates to the Second Dynasty (c. 2700 BC.), and was built by the ancient Egyptian king (pharaoh) Khasekhemwy. Description Shunet El Zebib is made of hardened mudbricks. It consists of two rectangular surrounding walls, interlaced like a shoe box. The outer wall measures 137 × 77 m and is c. 5 m thick and 12 m high. The inner wall (perimeter wall) measures 123 × 56 m and is c. 3 m thick and 8 m high. The facade of the outer wall was niched, imitating a royal palace facade. The enclosure provides two entrances, one at the eastern corner, one at the northern corner. These entrances once consisted of massive, stone-made door jambs, the material of the door wings is unknown.Matthew Douglas Adams & David O'Connor. "The Shunet El Zebib at A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Dynasty Of Egypt
The Second Dynasty of ancient Egypt (or Dynasty II, c. 2890 – c. 2686 BC) is the latter of the two dynasties of the Egyptian Archaic Period, when the seat of government was centred at Thinis. It is most known for its last ruler, Khasekhemwy, but is otherwise one of the most obscure periods in Egyptian history. Though archaeological evidence of the time is very scant, contrasting data from the First and Third Dynasties indicates important institutional and economic developments during the Second Dynasty. Rulers For the first three pharaohs, sources are fairly close in agreement and the order is supported by an inscription on the statuette of Hetepdief, who served in the mortuary cults of these three kings. But the identity of the next few rulers is unclear. Surviving sources might be giving the Horus name or the Nebty name and the birth names of these rulers. They may also be entirely different individuals, or could be legendary names. This might never be resolv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sanakht
Sanakht (also read as Hor-Sanakht) is the Horus name of an ancient Egyptian king (pharaoh) of the Third dynasty of Egypt, Third Dynasty during the Old Kingdom of Egypt, Old Kingdom. His chronological position is highly uncertain (though he is more likely to have reigned towards the end of the dynasty), and it is also unclear under which Hellenization, Hellenized name the ancient historian Manetho could have listed him. Many Egyptologists connect Sanakht with the Ramesside cartouche name ''Nebka''. However, this remains disputed because no further royal title of that king has ever been found; either in contemporary source or later ones. There are two relief fragments depicting Sanakht originally from the Wadi Maghareh on the Sinai Peninsula. Identity Sanakht's identity and position in the Third Dynasty is not entirely clear and remains the subject of debate. While Sanakht's existence is attested by seal fragments from mastaba K2 at Beit Khallaf and a Graffito (archaeology), graffi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sekhemib-Perenmaat
Sekhemib-Perenma'at (or simply Sekhemib), is the Horus name of an early Egyptian king who ruled during the 2nd Dynasty. Similar to his predecessor, successor or co-ruler Seth-Peribsen, Sekhemib is contemporarily well attested in archaeological records, but he does not appear in any posthumous document. The exact length of his reign is unknown and his burial site has yet to be found. Name sources Sekhemib's name is known from seal impressions and from inscriptions on vessels made of alabaster and breccia. They were found in the entrance of Peribsen's tomb at Abydos, in the underground galleries beneath the step pyramid of (3rd Dynasty) king Djoser at Sakkara and on one excavation site at Elephantine.Toby A. H. Wilkinson: ''Early Dynastic Egypt''. Routledge, London und New York 1999, , page 90–91.William Matthew Flinders Petrie & Francis Llewellyn Griffith: ''The royal tombs of the first dynasty''. Volume II., Trübner & Co., London, 1900, page 7, 14, 19, 20 & 48.Pierre La ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pharaoh
Pharaoh (, ; Egyptian: ''pr ꜥꜣ''; cop, , Pǝrro; Biblical Hebrew: ''Parʿō'') is the vernacular term often used by modern authors for the kings of ancient Egypt who ruled as monarchs from the First Dynasty (c. 3150 BC) until the annexation of Egypt by the Roman Empire in 30 BC. However, regardless of gender, "king" was the term used most frequently by the ancient Egyptians for their monarchs through the middle of the Eighteenth Dynasty during the New Kingdom. The term "pharaoh" was not used contemporaneously for a ruler until a possible reference to Merneptah, c. 1210 BC during the Nineteenth Dynasty, nor consistently used until the decline and instability that began with the Twenty-Fifth Dynasty. In the early dynasties, ancient Egyptian kings had as many as three titles: the Horus, the Sedge and Bee ( ''nswt-bjtj''), and the Two Ladies or Nebty ( ''nbtj'') name. The Golden Horus and the nomen and prenomen titles were added later. In Egyptian society, religio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Umm El-Qa'ab
Umm El Qaʻāb (sometimes romanised Umm El Gaʻab, ar, أم القعاب) is a necropolis of the Early Dynastic Period kings at Abydos, Egypt. Its modern name means "Mother of Pots" as the whole area is littered with the broken pot shards of offerings made in earlier times. The cultic ancient name of the area was ''(w-)pkr'' or ''(rꜣ-)pkr'' "District of the pkrtree (an unidentified species) or "Opening of the pkrtree (Coptic: ''upoke''), belonging to ''tꜣ-dsr'' "the secluded/cleared land" (necropolis) or ''crk-hh'' "Binding of Eternity" (Coptic: ''Alkhah''). The area was a site of veneration and worship in ancient Egypt, and by the time of the Middle Kingdom, at least one of the royal tombs was excavated and rebuilt for the priests of Osiris.Shaw, Ian. ''The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt.'' p. 67. Oxford University Press. 2000. The tombs of this area were first excavated by Émile Amélineau in the 1890s and more systematically by Flinders Petrie between 1899 and 1901. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Horus Name
The Horus name is the oldest known and used crest of ancient Egyptian rulers. It belongs to the " great five names" of an Egyptian pharaoh. However, modern Egyptologists and linguists are starting to prefer the more neutral term: the "serekh name". This is because not every pharaoh placed the falcon, which symbolizes the deity Horus, atop his (or in some cases, her) serekh. Heraldic appearance The picture of the Horus name is made of two basic elements: A sitting or walking figure of a certain deity holds a rectangular, ornamental vignette, imitating the floor plan of a palace facade and the royal courtyard. The rectangular vignette is called ''serekh'', after the Egyptian word for "facade". There are countless variations of the facade decor in the serekh. The complexity and detail of the facade decor varied remarkably depending on the object on which it was present. It seems that no strict artistic rules for the design of the serekh itself existed. The name of the pharaoh was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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