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Kazanie Skargi
''The Sermon of Piotr Skarga'' or ''Skarga's Sermon'' ( pl, Kazanie Skargi) is a large oil painting by Jan Matejko, finished in 1864, now in the National Museum, Warsaw in Poland. It depicts a sermon on political matters by the Jesuit priest Piotr Skarga, a chief figure of the Counter Reformation in Poland, where he rebukes the Polish elite for neglecting the national interest. ''Skarga's Sermon'' is among Matejko's most famous works, and like other historical paintings by Matejko includes several portraits of identifiable historical figures of the period depicted, as well as in this case a self-portrait of the artist in the figure of Skarga. History Matejko finished the painting in May 1864. It was the first "large" painting of Matejko (the canvas had the size of over , several times larger than any of his prior work). It was displayed in the gallery of the Kraków Society of Friends of Fine Art (''Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Sztuk Pięknych w Krakowie''). Painting's premiere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jan Matejko
Jan Alojzy Matejko (; also known as Jan Mateyko; 24 June 1838 – 1 November 1893) was a Polish painter, a leading 19th-century exponent of history painting, known for depicting nodal events from Polish history. His works include large scale oil paintings such as '' Rejtan'' (1866), ''the Union of Lublin'' (1869), '' the Astronomer Copernicus, or Conversations with God'' (1873), or ''the Battle of Grunwald'' (1878). He was the author of numerous portraits, a gallery of Polish monarchs in book form, and murals in St. Mary's Basilica, Kraków. He is considered by many as the most celebrated Polish painter, and sometimes as the "national painter" of Poland. Matejko was among the notable people to receive an unsolicited letter from the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, as the latter tipped, in January 1889, into his psychotic breakdown while in Turin. Matejko spent most of his life in Kraków. His teachers at the Kraków Academy of Fine Arts included Wojciech Korneli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wawel Cathedral
The Wawel Cathedral ( pl, Katedra Wawelska), formally titled the Royal Archcathedral Basilica of Saints Stanislaus and Wenceslaus, is a Roman Catholic cathedral situated on Wawel Hill in Kraków, Poland. Nearly 1000 years old, it is part of the Wawel Castle Complex and is a national sanctuary which served as the coronation site of Polish monarchs. The current Gothic cathedral is the third edifice on this site; the first was constructed and destroyed in the 11th century and the second one, constructed in the 12th century, was destroyed by a fire in 1305. The construction of the existing church began in the 14th century on the orders of Bishop Nanker. Over time, the building was expanded by successive rulers resulting in its versatile and eclectic architectural composition. There are examples of Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Neoclassical and Neogothic elements in the cathedral's façade and interior. The exterior is adorned by side chapels and representative ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sigismund III Vasa
Sigismund III Vasa ( pl, Zygmunt III Waza, lt, Žygimantas Vaza; 20 June 1566 – 30 April 1632 N.S.) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1587 to 1632 and, as Sigismund, King of Sweden and Grand Duke of Finland from 1592 to 1599. He was the first Polish sovereign from the House of Vasa. Religiously zealous, he imposed Roman Catholicism across the vast realm, and his crusades against neighbouring states marked Poland's largest territorial expansion. As an enlightened despot, he presided over an era of prosperity and achievement, further distinguished by the transfer of the country's capital from Kraków to Warsaw. Sigismund was the son of King John III of Sweden and his first wife, Catherine Jagiellon, daughter of King Sigismund I of Poland. Elected monarch of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1587, he sought to unify Poland and Sweden under one Catholic kingdom, and when he succeeded his deceased father in 1592 the Polish–Swedish union was created. O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Szlachta
The ''szlachta'' (Polish: endonym, Lithuanian: šlėkta) were the noble estate of the realm in the Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth who, as a class, had the dominating position in the state, exercising extensive political rights and power. Szlachta as a class differed significantly from the feudal nobility of Western Europe. The estate was officially abolished in 1921 by the March Constitution."Szlachta. Szlachta w Polsce" ''Encyklopedia PWN'' The origins of the ''szlachta'' are obscure and the subject of several theories. Traditionally, its members owned land (allods), [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Braclaw Voivodeship
Bratslav ( uk, Брацлав; pl, Bracław; yi, בראָצלעוו, ''Brotslev'', today also pronounced Breslev or '' Breslov'' as the name of a Hasidic group, which originated from this town) is an urban-type settlement in Ukraine, located in Tulchyn Raion of Vinnytsia Oblast, by the Southern Bug river. It is a medieval European city and a regional center of the Eastern Podolia region (see Bratslav Voivodeship) founded by government of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, which dramatically lost its importance during the 19th-20th centuries. Population: History The first written mention of Bratslav dates back to 1362. City status was granted Magdeburg Rights in 1564. Bratslav belonged to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania until the Lublin Union of 1569, when it became a voivodeship center in the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland as part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. In the early 16th century, the Starosta of Bratslav and Vinnytsia (Winnica) was Hetman Kostiantyn Ost ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zborowski Family
Zborowski (feminine Zborowska, plural Zborowscy) is a Polish surname. It may refer to: * Andriy Zborovskyi (born 1986), Ukrainian footballer * Eliot Zborowski (1858–1903), American racing driver * Helmut Zborowski (1905–1969), Austrian aircraft designer * Jan Zborowski (1538–1603), Polish Court Hetman * Jerzy Zborowski (1922–1944), Polish resistance fighter * Krzysztof Zborowski (died 1593), Polish Royal Deputy cup-bearer * Leopold Zborowski (1889–1932), Polish poet * Louis Zborowski (1895–1924), English racing driver * Marcin Zborowski (c. 1495–1565), Polish castellan * Mark Zborowski (1908–1990), Soviet-Jewish KGB agent * Piotr Zborowski Piotr Zborowski (died 13 September 1580) was a Polish voivode ( pl, wojewoda) of Sandomierz (since 1568), voivode and ''starosta'' of Kraków (since 1574), castellan (''kasztelan'') of Biecz (since 1565) and castellan of Wojnicz (since 1567). He m ... (died 1580), Polish voivode * Samuel Zborowski (died 1584), Polish noble, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Janusz Zbaraski
Janusz () is a masculine Polish given name. It is also the shortened form of January and Januarius. People *Janusz Akermann (born 1957), Polish painter * Janusz Bardach, Polish gulag survivor and physician * Janusz Bielański, Roman Catholic priest *Janusz Bojarski (born 1956), Polish general * Janusz Bokszczanin (1894–1973), Polish Army colonel *Janusz Christa (1934–2008), Polish author of comic books * Janusz Domaniewski (1891–1954), Polish ornithologist *Janusz Gajos, Polish actor *Janusz Gaudyn (1935–1984), Polish physician, writer and poet * Janusz Głowacki (1938–2017), Polish-American author and screenwriter * Janusz Janowski (born 1965), Polish painter, jazz drummer and art theorist *Janusz Kamiński (born 1959), Polish cinematographer and film director *Janusz Korczak (Henryk Goldszmit), Polish-Jewish children's author, pediatrician, and child pedagogist * Janusz Kurtyka (born 1960), Polish historian specializing in the culture and religion of Poland in the 16th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jan Piotr Sapieha
Jan Piotr Sapieha (English: ''John Peter Sapieha'', 1569–1611) was a Polish-Lithuanian nobleman, general, politician, diplomat, governor of Uświat county, member of the Parliament and a skilled commander of the Polish troops stationing in the Moscow Kremlin. Sapieha was a participant of the Polish-Swedish War – he brought a private regiment of 100 Cossacks, and commanded the right wing, consisting of 400 winged hussars and mounted 700 Cossack, of the Polish-Lithuanian army during the famous Battle of Kircholm in 1605. He also participated in the Polish–Muscovite War (1605–18), where he commanded the failed siege of Troitse-Sergiyeva Lavra in 1608 and later fought anti-Polish Muscovite forces near Moscow, led by Prokopy Lyapunov. He died suddenly on 15 October, during the siege of the Moscow Kremlin. Known for his ruthlessness towards the Russian peoples, he was nicknamed ''Pan Hetman'', literally meaning Mr General. Biography Jan Piotr was born in 1569 as the son of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jerzy Mniszech
Jerzy Mniszech (c. 1548 – 1613) was a Polish nobleman and diplomat in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Member of the House of Mniszech. Krajczy koronny in 1574, castellan of Radom in 1583, voivode of Sandomierz Voivodship in 1590, żupnik ruski, starost of Lwów in 1593, starost of Sambor, Sokal, Sanok, Rohatyn. Biography Father of Marina Mniszech (c. 1588—1614). Dealt with providing courtisans for the courts of some Commonwealth magnates. He is known for meddling in the Muscovy Times of Troubles, as he wed his daughter Marina to the False Dmitri I and later convinced her to marry the False Dmitri II. He had several other children. His daughter Urszula Mniszech, born in 1603, married prince Konstanty Wiśniowiecki, voivode of Russia (1564–1641). Anna Mniszech married Piotr Szyszkowski, castellan of Wojno. Eufrozyna Mniszech married Hermolaus Jordan. Mikołaj Mniszech (1587–1613) became starost of Łuków and Stanisław Bonifacy Mniszech (?-1644) became ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mikołaj Zebrzydowski
Mikołaj Zebrzydowski (1553–1620) of Radwan coat of arms, voivode of Lublin from 1589, Grand Crown Marshal between 1596–1600, voivode of Kraków from 1601. He is famous for an armed rebellion against King Sigismund III Vasa, the Zebrzydowski Rebellion, a ''rokosz'' named after himself. It took place in 1606, and was defeated by 1607. After the failed rebellion, he sponsored the creation of the Roman Catholic monastery of Kalwaria Zebrzydowska, which is regarded as one of the most important pilgrimage sites of Poland. Mikołaj Zebrzydowski is one of the personas on the famous painting by Jan Matejko: '' Skarga's Sermon''. Biography Early life Zebrzydowski was born in 1553 in Kraków, into a family which became powerful and influential in the second half of the 16th century. His grandfather Jan Zebrzydowski (died probably 1538) was a royal rotmistrz. His father Florian, who died in 1566, was a castellan of Oświęcim and Lublin, and a court hetman. Florian Zebrzydowski ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stanisław Stadnicki
Stanisław Stadnicki (c. 1551 in Nowy Żmigród or Dubiecko – 1610 in Tarnawiec), a Polish nobleman, Lord Starosta of Sigulda, Żygwulsko (Sigulda), a known wikt:troublemaker, troublemaker, called 'the Devil of Łańcut' (Polish: ''diabeł łańcucki'') for his violent behaviour. Lord of the castle in Łańcut. Enemy of Jan Zamoyski, kanclerz, Grand Chancellor of the Crown in 1606 he became one of the leaders of the rokosz of Zebrzydowski. From his Łańcut castle he organised many assaults (zajazdy) at the estates of Łukasz Opaliński (1581-1654), Łukasz Opaliński and Anna Ostrogska. Married to Anna Stadnicka, father of Zygmunt Stadnicki, Władysław Stadnicki, Stanisław Stadnicki (junior) and Felicjana Stadnicka. After his death, his family carried his tradition of trouble-making, with his wife earning the nickname of ''the Łańcut devil-woman'' and his sons, ''the Łancut devil-children''. He was killed on 20 August 1610, when he was confronted with an overwhelming for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Janusz Radziwiłł (1579-1620)
Janusz Radziwiłł is the name of several Polish–Lithuanian nobles: * Janusz Radziwiłł (1579–1620), castellan of Vilnius and the starost of Borysów * Janusz Radziwiłł (1612–55) Janusz Radziwiłł is the name of several Polish–Lithuanian nobles: * Janusz Radziwiłł (1579–1620), castellan of Vilnius and the starost of Borysów * Janusz Radziwiłł (1612–55), signatory of the Union of Kėdainiai * Janusz Radziwiłł ..., signatory of the Union of Kėdainiai * Janusz Radziwiłł (1880–1967), conservative politician in the Second Polish Republic {{hndis, name=Radziwiłł, Janusz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
