|
Kashmiri Muslim
Kashmiri Muslims are ethnic Kashmiris who practice Islam and are native to the Kashmir Valley in Indian-administered Kashmir. Quote: "Jammu and Kashmir: Territory in northwestern India, subject to a dispute between India and Pakistan. It has borders with Pakistan and China." The majority of Kashmiri Muslims are Sunni. They refer to themselves as "Koshur" in their mother language. Presently, the Kashmiri Muslim population is predominantly found in Kashmir Valley. Smaller Kashmiri Muslim communities also live in other regions of Jammu and Kashmir. Kashmiri Muslims are of the same stock as the Kashmiri Hindu community and are also commonly known as 'Sheikhs'. Both the Kashmiri Hindus and Muslim society reckons descent patrilineally. Certain property and titles may be inherited through the male line, but certain inheritances may accrue through the female line. After Kashmiri Hindus had converted to Islam they largely retained their family names (''kram'') which indicated their ori ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kashmiri Language
Kashmiri () or Koshur (, /kəːʃur/) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by around 7 million Kashmiris of the Kashmir region, primarily in the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. In 2020, the Parliament of India passed a bill to make Kashmiri an official language of Jammu and Kashmir along with Dogri, Hindi, Urdu and English. Kashmiri is also among the 22 scheduled languages of India. Kashmiri has split ergativity and the unusual verb-second word order. Geographic distribution and status There are about 6.8 million speakers of Kashmiri and related dialects in Jammu and Kashmir and amongst the Kashmiri diaspora in other states of India. The precise figures from the 2011 census are 6,554,36 for Kashmiri as a "mother tongue" and 6,797,587 for Kashmiri as a "language" (which includes closely related smaller dialects/languages). Most Kashmiri speakers are located in the Kashmir Valley and other areas of Jammu and Kashmir. In the Kashmir valley, they form a major ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leepa Valley
The Leepa Valley ( ur, ) is an arable valley situated in the Hattian Bala District of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. It is located approximately from the capital city of Muzaffarabad. The valley is divided into the Nowkot, Kasirkot, Dao Khan, Leepa, and Chananian sectors. History Leepa Valley was formerly part of Karnah tehsil of Kupwara district in Jammu and Kashmir. The valley is now part of Jhelum Valley District in Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. It has been an area of strife among the two neighboring countries. Population The population of Leepa Valley is about 80,000. Geography Leepa valley is situated above sea level. Snowfall occurs regularly throughout the year. Rice and apple fields can be found frequently in the whole valley. The Line of Control, which separates it from Jammu and Kashmir, can be seen from anywhere while standing in the valley from east to west. Its lush green river fields in summer and typical wooden kashmiri houses present a wonderful view to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shah Mir Dynasty
The Shah Mir dynasty was a dynasty that ruled the region of Kashmir in the Indian subcontinent. The dynasty is named after its founder, Shah Mir. During the rule of the dynasty from 1339 to 1561, Islam forcefully established in Kashmir. Origins The dynasty was established by Shah Mir in 1339 CE, there are two theories regarding Shah Mir's origin. Historian A. Q. Rafiqi states that some Persian chronicles of Kashmir describe Shah Mir as a descendant of the rulers of Swat. He thinks it more likely that he was a descendant of Turkish or Persian immigrants to Swat, who had intermarried with local indigenous peoples. It has also been suggested that he belonged to a family which accompanied the sage Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani, and who were associated to either the Kubrawiya، Sufi groups in Kashmir. According to Jonaraja, Shah Mir was the descendant of Partha (Arjuna) of Mahabharata fame. Abu ’l-Fadl Allami, Nizam al-Din and Firishta also state that Shah Mir traced his descent to Arj ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shah Mir
Shams-ud-Din Shah Mir () was a ruler of Kashmir and founder of the Shah Mir dynasty. Shah Mir is believed to have come to Kashmir during the rule of Suhadeva (), where he rose to prominence. After the death of Suhadeva and his brother Udayanadeva, Shah Mir proposed for marriage to Kota Rani, she refused and continued her rule for five months till 1339 and appointed Bhutta Bhikshana as prime minister. After the death of Kota Rani, Shah Mir established his own kingship, founding the Shah Mir dynasty in 1339, which lasted till 1561. Origin There are two theories regarding Shah Mir's origin. Some Persian chronicles of Kashmir describe Shah Mir as a descendant of the rulers of Swat. Historian A. Q. Rafiqi thinks it more likely that he was a descendant of Persian or Turkic immigrants to Swat. It has also been suggested that he belonged to a Sufi or Qadiri family. Some scholars state that the Panjgabbar valley, the location described by Jonaraja, was actually peopled by Khasas an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kota Rani
Kota Rani (d. 1344) was the last ruler of the Hindu Lohara dynasty in Kashmir.She was also the last female ruler of Kashmir. She was regent during the minority of her son in 1323−1338, and ruled as monarch in 1338−1339. She was deposed by Shah Mir, who became the first Muslim ruler of Kashmir. Life Kota Rani was the daughter of Ramachandra, the commander-in-chief of Suhadeva, the king of Lohara dynasty in Kashmir. Ramachandra had appointed an administrator, Rinchan, a Ladakhi. Rinchan became ambitious. He sent a force in the fort, in the guise of merchants, who took Ramachandra's men by surprise. Ramachandra was killed and his family was taken prisoner. To earn local support, Rinchan appointed Rawanchandra, the son of Ramachandra, as administrator of Lar and Ladakh, and married his sister Kota Rani. He employed Shah Mir as a trusted courtier, who had entered Kashmir earlier and had been given an appointment in the government. Rinchan converted to Islam and adopted the nam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rinchan
Sadruddin Shah, also known as Rinchan, was the first Muslim ruler of Kashmir. He ruled Kashmir from 1320 to 1323. Background Around 1313, an invader named "Du'l-Qadr"—mentioned by Jonaraja to be the commander of a ''Karmasena''—invaded Kashmir with heavy cavalry. Baharistan-i-shahi (''BIS''; anon.) notes him to be a Turko-Mongol raider; the name is given as "Zulchu". Jonaraja notes that Suhadeva, the-then ruler of Kashmir to have had received him with all honors; he sought to pay his way out of a conflict and levied new taxes on all subjects. This did not go down well with the Brahmins who threatened to fast until death, bringing Suhadeva's plans to an end and spurring the inevitable. In contrast, ''BIS'' does not mention any negotiation — the sole aim was said to be to massacre Kashmiris and gain wealth. Biography Early life Little is known about the antecedents of Rinchan. While ''BIS'' claims him to have arrived from "Tibet", Jonaraja says that he was a Ladakhi n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lohara Dynasty
The Lohara dynasty were Hindu rulers of Kashmir in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, between 1003 and approximately 1320 CE. The early history of the dynasty was described in the ''Rajatarangini'' (''Chronicle of Kings''), a work written by Kalhana in the mid-12th century and upon which many and perhaps all studies of the first 150 years of the dynasty depend. Subsequent accounts, which provide information up to and beyond the end of the dynasty come from Jonarāja and Śrīvara. The later rulers of the dynasty were weak: internecine fighting and corruption was endemic during this period, with only brief years of respite, making the dynasty vulnerable to the growth of Islamic onslaughts in the region.Hasan (1959), pp. 29-32. Origins According to 12th century text ''Rajatarangini'' translated by Sir Marc Aurel Stein, the family of the chiefs of Lohara were from Khasa tribe. The seat of the Lohara dynasty was a hill-fortress called Loharakotta, the precise location o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bulbul Shah
Syed Sharf-Ud-Din Abdul Rehman Shah ( Persian:سيٌد شرف الدٌين عبد الرٌَحمان شاه) popularly known as Bulbul Shah ( Persian: بلبل شاه ) was a 14th-century Turkistani Sufi of Suhrawardi order. He introduced first Islam to Kashmir by inviting and converting the King of Kashmir, Rinchan Shah (''later named to Sadruddin Shah'') to Islam. He was from a Suhrawardi order and his mentor was Mir Syed Niymatullah who ordered him to on take Islamic missionary movement to Kashmir. Shah was mentioned by "Baba Dawood Mishkati" in ''Asrar-ul- Abrar'' and Rafi-ud- Din ''Nawadir-ul- Akhbar.'' Shrine A shrine is dedicated to his burial place on the Jhelum river which was actually a Langar, a community kitchen. In 2011 the Archeological Survey of India rejected the proposal to make it a National Monument even after the High Court ordered the Survey to accept it. Petitioner GA Lone filed a contempt petition against the official respondents. The High Court direct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Koshur
Kashmiri () or Koshur (, /kəːʃur/) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by around 7 million Kashmiris of the Kashmir region, primarily in the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. In 2020, the Parliament of India passed a bill to make Kashmiri an official language of Jammu and Kashmir along with Dogri, Hindi, Urdu and English. Kashmiri is also among the 22 scheduled languages of India. Kashmiri has split ergativity and the unusual verb-second word order. Geographic distribution and status There are about 6.8 million speakers of Kashmiri and related dialects in Jammu and Kashmir and amongst the Kashmiri diaspora in other states of India. The precise figures from the 2011 census are 6,554,36 for Kashmiri as a "mother tongue" and 6,797,587 for Kashmiri as a "language" (which includes closely related smaller dialects/languages). Most Kashmiri speakers are located in the Kashmir Valley and other areas of Jammu and Kashmir. In the Kashmir valley, they form a majority. K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sikh Empire
The Sikh Empire was a state originating in the Indian subcontinent, formed under the leadership of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, who established an empire based in the Punjab. The empire existed from 1799, when Maharaja Ranjit Singh captured Lahore, to 1849, when it was defeated and conquered in the Second Anglo-Sikh War. It was forged on the foundations of the Khalsa from a collection of autonomous Sikh ''misls''. At its peak in the 19th century, the Empire extended from the Khyber Pass in the west to western Tibet in the east, and from Mithankot in the south to Kashmir in the north. It was divided into four provinces: Lahore, in Punjab, which became the Sikh capital; Multan, also in Punjab; Peshawar; and Kashmir from 1799 to 1849. Religiously diverse, with an estimated population of 3.5 million in 1831 (making it the 19th most populous country at the time), Amarinder Singh's The Last Sunset: The Rise and Fall of the Lahore Durbar it was the last major region of the Indian subc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dogra Dynasty
The Dogra dynasty of Dogra Rajputs from the Shiwalik Himalayas created Jammu and Kashmir when all dynastic kingdoms in India were being absorbed by the East India Company. Events led the Sikh Empire to recognise Jammu as a vassal state in 1820, and later the British added Kashmir to Jammu by the Treaty of Amritsar in 1846. The founder of the dynasty, Gulab Singh, was an influential noble in the court of the Sikh emperor Maharaja Ranjit Singh, while his brother Dhian Singh served as the prime minister of the Sikh Empire. Appointed by Ranjit Singh as the hereditary Raja of the Jammu principality, Gulab Singh established his supremacy over all the hill states surrounding the Kashmir Valley. After the First Anglo-Sikh War in 1846, under the terms of the Treaty of Lahore, 1846, the British Indian government acquired Kashmir from the Sikh Empire and transferred it to Gulab Singh, recognising him as an independent Maharaja. Thus, Jammu and Kashmir was established as one of the large ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Punjab (region)
Punjab (; Punjabi: پنجاب ; ਪੰਜਾਬ ; ; also romanised as ''Panjāb'' or ''Panj-Āb'') is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia, specifically in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising areas of eastern Pakistan and northwestern India. Punjab's capital and largest city and historical and cultural centre is Lahore. The other major cities include Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Multan, Ludhiana, Amritsar, Sialkot, Chandigarh, Jalandhar, and Bahawalpur. Punjab grew out of the settlements along the five rivers, which served as an important route to the Near East as early as the ancient Indus Valley civilization, dating back to 3000 BCE, and had numerous migrations by the Indo-Aryan peoples. Agriculture has been the major economic feature of the Punjab and has therefore formed the foundation of Punjabi culture, with one's social status being determined by land ownership. The Punjab emerged as an important agricultur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.svg "Click for more on -> Shah Mir Dynasty")
.png "Click for more on -> Lohara Dynasty")
