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Kalmar War
The Kalmar War (1611–1613) was a war between Denmark–Norway and Sweden. Though Denmark-Norway soon gained the upper hand, it was unable to defeat Sweden entirely. The Kalmar War was the last time Denmark-Norway successfully defended its ''dominium maris baltici'' against Sweden, and it also marked the increasing influence of the two countries on Baltic politics. Background Since Denmark–Norway controlled the strait between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, Sweden sought an alternative trade route through sparsely populated Lapland to avoid paying Denmark's Sound Dues. In 1607, Charles IX of Sweden declared himself "King of the Lapps in Nordland" and began "collecting" taxes in Norwegian territory, even south of Tromsø. Since the Sound Dues were Denmark's main source of income, Denmark-Norway did not want to see alternative trade routes established, particularly when established through Norwegian territory. Denmark-Norway protested. King Charles IX of Sweden ignored t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Knäred
The Treaty of Knäred ( da, Freden i Knærød, sv, Freden i Knäred) was signed on 21 January 1613 and ended the Kalmar War (1611–1613) between Denmark-Norway and Sweden. The peace negotiations came about under an English initiative. The peace was guaranteed by King James I of England and VI of Scotland. The treaty was named after the village of Knäred in Halland, where it was signed at a border bridge in what was then the Danish Halland. The peace meant that the kingdoms restored the conquests made during the war. Under the terms of the treaty, Sweden would give back Jemtland and Herjedalen to Norway. Denmark-Norway would give back Borgholm, Kalmar and Öland. As a result, Sweden also had to pay the Älvsborg Ransom of one million Rixdollars for the return of the fortress of Älvsborg. The ransom was paid by 1619. A memorial stone over the site was erected between Knäred and Markaryd in 1925 by the Halland Art Museum (''Hallands konstmuseum''). See also * ''Dominium m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lappmarken
Lappmarken was an earlier Swedish name for the northern part of the old Kingdom of Sweden inhabited by the Sami people. In addition to the present-day Swedish Lapland, it also covered Västerbotten, Jämtland and Härjedalen, as well as the Finnish Lapland. As a name, it is related to Finnmark, an old Norwegian name for the Sami area. "Finn" and "Lapp" are mutually exchangeable old names for the Sami people, although the latter is sometimes deemed offensive. Already in the Middle Ages, Lappmarken consisted of "lappmarks" whose Sami people were loosely governed either by the crown or birkarls. The purpose of lappmarks was largely colonial in nature. Originally, each consisted of a river valley with its surrounding areas from the Gulf of Bothnia up to the fjelds. The first lappmarks were: * Lycksele lappmark (Ume River valley) * Åsele lappmark (Ångerman River valley) * Tornio lappmark ( Tornio River valley) * Piteå lappmark (Pite River valley) * Luleå lappmark (Lule River ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Härjedalen
Härjedalen (; no, Herjådalen or ) is a historical province (''landskap'') in the centre of Sweden. It borders the Norwegian county of Trøndelag as well as the provinces of Dalarna, Hälsingland, Medelpad, and Jämtland. The province originally belonged to Norway, but was ceded to Sweden in the Treaty of Brömsebro, 1645. The province forms the bulk of Härjedalen Municipality, of which the village of Sveg is the seat. Etymology The name ''Härjedalen'', from Old West Norse , literally means the "Valley of the Härje river". A Latinized transliteration is Herdalia, although that name is hardly encountered in the English language today. More prominent are derivations such as ''Herjedalen'' or ''Haerjedalen''. The more prosaic explanation of the name says that the word ''her'' or ''har'' just means "mound of stones" and refers to stones in the river . History Jämtland and Härjedalen were provinces of Denmark-Norway until the mid-17th century. After the Treaty of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jämtland
Jämtland (; no, Jemtland or , ; Jamtish: ''Jamtlann''; la, Iemptia) is a historical province () in the centre of Sweden in northern Europe. It borders Härjedalen and Medelpad to the south, Ångermanland to the east, Lapland to the north and Trøndelag and Norway to the west. Jämtland covers an area of 34,009 square kilometres, 8.3% of Sweden's total area and is the second largest province in Sweden. It has a population of 115,331, the majority of whom live in , the area surrounding lake Storsjön. Östersund is Jämtland's only city and is the 24th most populous city in Sweden. The historical province is one of the least densely populated. Jämtland was originally an autonomous republic,Ekerwald, Carl-Göran (2004). ''Jämtarnas historia'' (in Swedish), 124. "Svaret är att Jämtland före 1178 var ett självständigt bondesamfund, "dei vart verande ein nasjon för seg sjöl", för att nu citera Halfdan Koht.. Jämtland var en bonderepublik.." its own nation with its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baltzar Bäck
Thomas Baltzar ('' c''. 1630 – 24 July 1663) was a German violinist and composer. He was born in Lübeck to a musical family; his father, grandfather, and great-grandfather were all musicians.Holman, Peter. "Baltzar, Thomas". Grove Music Online'' (subscription required). ed. L. Macy. Retrieved on May 31, 2008. Sources suggest an array of music teachers who may have taught him in his early years. According to the writings of Samuel Hartlib, composer and violinist Johann Schop was one of those instructors. Baltzar may have studied the violin with Gregor Zuber and composition with Franz Tunder. He may have also received instruction from composer and violinist Nicolaus Bleyer, who taught Baltzar's younger brother.Walls, Peter (2004).Baltzar, Thomas (c.1630–1663). ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' (subscription required). Oxford University Press. Retrieved on May 31, 2008. Through contacts at Germany's embassy in Sweden (where, by 1653, Baltzar was employed), he may hav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Storming Of Kristianopel
The Storming of Kristianopel occurred on 26 June 1611, during the Kalmar War. Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden led an assault from the camp in Högsby in Småland on Kristianopel in Blekinge. The Swedes managed to siege the fortified city and went in by bombing the fortress port, which was badly defended. Right after the assault, there was a massacre of the city's population, with rape and pillaging. Bibliography Gustav Adolf II och Skåneland(in Swedish) * ''Ulf Sundberg'' Svenska Krig 1521-1814 1998 (in Swedish) * ''Göte Göransson'' Gustav II Adolf och hans folk 1994 {{ISBN, 91-7119-128-3 (in Swedish) 1611 in Denmark Kristianopel Kristianopel Kristianopel Kristianopel () is a village in Karlskrona Municipality in the southeastern Swedish region of Blekinge. In 2015 it had a population of 88. History of the town Flint finds have been made at the site, which indicates that there have been Stone A ... Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden Conflicts in 1611 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Västergötland
Västergötland (), also known as West Gothland or the Latinized version Westrogothia in older literature, is one of the 25 traditional non-administrative provinces of Sweden (''landskap'' in Swedish), situated in the southwest of Sweden. Västergötland is home to Gothenburg, the second largest city in Sweden, which is situated along a short stretch of the Kattegat strait. The province is bordered by Bohuslän, Dalsland, Värmland, Närke, Östergötland, Småland and Halland, as well as the two largest Swedish lakes Vänern and Vättern. Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden is Duchess of Västergötland. Administration The provinces of Sweden serve no administrative function. Instead, that function is served by counties of Sweden. From the 17th century up until 31 December 1997, Västergötland was divided into Skaraborg County, Älvsborg County and a minor part of Gothenburg and Bohus County. From 1 January 1998 nearly all of the province is in the newly created ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old Älvsborg
Älvsborg (literally "river stronghold" in Swedish), now generally known as Old Älvsborg ( sv, Gamla Älvsborg) or Älvsborg Castle ( sv, Älvsborgs Slott) to distinguish it from the later New Älvsborg and Älvsborg Fortress, was a medieval castle situated on the rocky outcrop known as Klippan, on the south bank of the Göta Älv river within the urban area of the modern city of Gothenburg. It was demolished in the late seventeenth century, but some of its ruins are still visible today, close to the southern pylon of the Älvsborg Bridge. History During the Middle Ages, the Göta Älv was Sweden's sole point of access to the North Sea, as the coastline to the north ( Bohuslän) was part of Norway until 1658, while the area to the south (Halland) was part of Denmark until 1645. The river mouth, and by extension the heights at Klippan overlooking it, therefore had immense strategic significance. Älvsborg Castle is first mentioned in written sources during the reign of Kin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jönköping
Jönköping (, ) is a city in southern Sweden with 112,766 inhabitants (2022). Jönköping is situated on the southern shore of Sweden's second largest lake, Vättern, in the province of Småland. The city is the seat of Jönköping Municipality, which has a population of 144,699 (2022) and is Småland's most populous municipality. Jönköping is also the seat of Jönköping County which has a population of 367,064 (2022). Jönköping is the seat of a district court and a court of appeal as well as the Swedish National Courts Administration. It is the seat of the Swedish Board of Agriculture. County government The Jönköping municipality has its headquarters in a place called "rådhuset". Rådhuset is an important component of the function of the municipality as it works as a state office for different departments of and in jönköping. Rådhuset is dependent on the municipality but is its own entity, the head of the rådhuset has political power but is not the head of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halmstad
Halmstad () is a port, university, industrial and recreational city at the mouth of the Nissan river, in the province of Halland on the Swedish west coast. Halmstad is the seat of Halmstad Municipality and the capital of Halland County. The city had a population of 70,480 in 2019, out of a municipal total of over 100,000 (19th most populous — 2019). Halmstad is Sweden's 19th-largest city by population and located about midway between Gothenburg (the second most populous) and Malmö (the third). Timber framing architecture is common. History Halmstad, at the time part of the Kingdom of Denmark, received its first city charter in 1307, and the city celebrated its 700th anniversary in 2007. The oldest remains of that first town are to be found at " Övraby" upstream on Nissan, just south of and quite close to the present day regiment buildings. The remains of the church can still be seen today between a defunct brick industry and a former landfill. In the 1320s the town moved ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalmar
Kalmar (, , ) is a city in the southeast of Sweden, situated by the Baltic Sea. It had 36,392 inhabitants in 2010 and is the seat of Kalmar Municipality. It is also the capital of Kalmar County, which comprises 12 municipalities with a total of 236,399 inhabitants (2015). Kalmar is the third largest urban area in the province and cultural region of Småland. From the thirteenth to the seventeenth centuries, Kalmar was one of Sweden's most important cities. Between 1602 and 1913 it was the episcopal see of Kalmar Diocese, with a bishop, and the Kalmar Cathedral from 1702 is an example of classicistic architecture. It became a fortified city, with the Kalmar Castle as the center. After the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658, Kalmar's importance diminished, until the industry sector was initiated in the 19th century. The city is home to parts of Linnaeus University. The city plays host to the Live at Heart festival, one of Sweden’s largest musical showcase events. Kalmar is adjac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kristianopel
Kristianopel () is a village in Karlskrona Municipality in the southeastern Swedish region of Blekinge. In 2015 it had a population of 88. History of the town Flint finds have been made at the site, which indicates that there have been Stone Age settlements here. Kristianopel (old spelling Christianopel) is located in the easternmost part of Blekinge, which was the easternmost part of Denmark in beginning of the 17th century. The town of Avaskär, located just a few hundred metres north of present-day Kristianopel, was too difficult to defend from Swedish attacks. The Danish king Christian IV had a fortress built south of it in 1603 and named it after his newborn son - Prince Christian (1603–1647) or Kristian, with Swedish spelling. The Germanised Greek suffix ' -opel' was given to give the town a cosmopolitan ring similar to Constantinople. Construction of the town was completed in 1606 and held approximately 700 inhabitants. During the Kalmar War, prince Gustavus Adolph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
