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Kül-chor
Kül-chor, ( otk, Küli Čur), known in Arabic sources as Kūrṣūl () and identified with the Baga Tarkhan () of the Chinese records, was one of the main Turgesh leaders under the ''khagan'' Suluk. He is chiefly known for his role in the Turgesh wars against the Umayyad Caliphate in Transoxiana, and for being responsible for the murder of Suluk in 738, precipitating the collapse of Turgesh power. After eliminating his rivals, he rose to become ''khagan'' himself, but soon fell out with his Chinese backers and was defeated and executed in 744. Some Arabic sources, however, record that he was killed by the Arabs in 739. Origin Along with the ''khagan'' himself— Suluk Chabish-chor or Su-Lu of the Chinese sources—Kül-chor, or "Kūrṣūl al-Turqashī" in Arabic, is one of only two Turgesh leaders to be mentioned by name in the Arab sources of the period. Kül-chor, usually identified with the ''Baga Tarkhan'' (pinyin: ''Mohe dagan quelü chuo'') of Chinese sources, was the lead ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kut Chor
Kut Chor (; full title: ) was a son of Suluk (Turgesh khagan), Suluk and briefly served as Türgesh khagan. Reign He was set up on throne by Tumodu in Suyab, having support of the ''Black Turgesh'' and his brother Ton Apa Yabgu. His main contenders were Kül-chor, Baga Tarkhan and Erwei Tegin (Erbey Tegin) in Taraz. On 27 August 739, Baga Tarkhan allied with Tang general Gai Jiayun (蓋嘉運), King of Tashkent, Chach Baghatur Tudun (莫賀咄吐屯) and attacked Kut Chor. He was sent to Changan, where he was symbolically sacrificed before imperial temple only to be pardoned by Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, Xuanzong and created a Tang general in Left Guard.{{Cite book, url=https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%8E%88%E5%90%90%E7%81%AB%E4%BB%99%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97%E7%AD%89%E5%AE%98%E7%88%B5%E5%88%B6, title=Quan Tang wen, vol 24, date=1983, publisher=Zhonghua shu ju, last=Dong, first=Gao, isbn=7101007163, edition=Di 1 ban, location=Beijing, pages=, oclc=20575264 References Sources * ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
El Etmish Kutluk Bilge
El Etmish Kutluk Bilge () was a khagan of the Turgesh.{{Cite journal, last=Thierry, first=Francois, title=François Thierry, « Three Notes on Türgesh Numismatics », Proceedings of the Symposium on Ancient Coins and the Culture of the Silk Road, Sichou zhi lu guguo qianbi ji Silu wenhua guoji xueshu yantaohui lunwenji 絲綢之路古國錢幣暨 絲路文化國際學術研討會 論文集, Shanghai Bowuguan décembre 2006, Shanghaï 2011, 413-442, url=https://www.academia.edu/2487423, language=en Early life He was born Tumodu (都摩度) in the ''Black Turgesh'' tribe. He was a high-ranking general in Suluk's army, however his name can be a title as well. After Baga Tarkhan's coup, he supported Suluk's son Kut Chor in Suyab. Reign After Baga Tarkhan's fall, he was acknowledged as khagan by Xuanzong'' Siku Quanshu'', Book of Tangvol 215A/ref> on 26 July 744. It is not known when he died. He was followed by Yibo Yibo (移拨) or Yiber Kutluk Bilge Koch () — was a khagan o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tarkhan
Tarkhan ( otk, 𐱃𐰺𐰴𐰣, Tarqan, mn, or ; fa, ترخان; ; ar , طرخان; alternative spellings ''Tarkan'', ''Tarkhaan'', ''Tarqan'', ''Tarchan'', ''Turxan'', ''Tarcan'', ''Turgan, Tárkány, Tarján'') is an ancient Central Asian title used by various Turkic peoples, Iranian peoples, and by the Hungarians and Mongols. Its use was common among the successors of the Mongol Empire. Etymology The origin of the word is not known. Various historians identify the word as either East Iranian ( Sogdian or Khotanese Saka) or Turkic. Although Richard N. Frye reports that the word "was probably foreign to Sogdian", Gerhard Doerfer points out that even in Turkic languages, its plural is not Turkic (sing. ''tarxan'' --> plur. ''tarxat''), suggesting a non-Turkic origin. L. Ligeti comes to the same conclusion, saying that "''tarxan'' and ''tegin'' rinceform the wholly un-Turkic plurals ''tarxat'' and ''tegit''" and that the word was unknown to medieval western Turkic langu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khagan
Khagan or Qaghan (Mongolian:; or ''Khagan''; otk, 𐰴𐰍𐰣 ), or , tr, Kağan or ; ug, قاغان, Qaghan, Mongolian Script: ; or ; fa, خاقان ''Khāqān'', alternatively spelled Kağan, Kagan, Khaghan, Kaghan, Khakan, Khakhan, Khaqan, Xagahn, Qaghan, Chagan, Қан, or Kha'an is a title of imperial rank in the Turkic, Mongolic and some other languages, equal to the status of emperor and someone who rules a khaganate (empire). The female equivalent is Khatun. It may also be translated as " Khan of Khans", equivalent to King of Kings. In Bulgarian, the title became known as ''Khan'', while in modern Turkic, the title became ''Khaan'' with the ''g'' sound becoming almost silent or non-existent; the ''ğ'' in modern Turkish ''Kağan'' is also silent. Since the division of the Mongol Empire, monarchs of the Yuan dynasty and the Northern Yuan held the title of ''Khagan''. ''Kağan, Hakan'' and ''Kaan'', Turkish equivalents of the title are common Turkish names ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gai Jiayun
Gai or GAI may refer to: People Given name or nickname * GAI (musician) (born 1987), Chinese hip-hop musician * Gai Assulin (born 1991), Israeli footballer * Gai Brodtmann (born 1963), Australian politician * Gai Eaton (1921–2010), British diplomat * Gai Toms (born 1976), Welsh musician * Gai Waterhouse (born 1954), Australian horse trainer and businesswoman Surname * Antonio Gai (1686–1769), Italian sculptor * Deng Gai (born 1982), South Sudanese basketball player * Gatluak Gai (died 2011), South Sudanese rebel * G. S. Gai (1917–1995), Indian historical linguist * Oleksiy Gai (born 1982), Ukrainian footballer * Pa Amadou Gai (born 1984), Gambian footballer * Pa Mamadou Gai (born 1977), Gambian sprinter * Pratibha Gai, British microscopist * Silvio Gai (1873–1967), Italian politician * Solomon Gai (1600–1638), Italian scholar and Hebraist Fictional characters * Kamen Rider Gai, from ''Kamen Rider Ryuki'' * Maito Gai, from ''Naruto'' Places * Gai, Arme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tashkent
Tashkent (, uz, Toshkent, Тошкент/, ) (from russian: Ташкент), or Toshkent (; ), also historically known as Chach is the capital and largest city of Uzbekistan. It is the most populous city in Central Asia, with a population of 2,909,500 (2022). It is in northeastern Uzbekistan, near the border with Kazakhstan. Tashkent comes from the Turkic ''tash'' and ''kent'', literally translated as "Stone City" or "City of Stones". Before Islamic influence started in the mid-8th century AD, Tashkent was influenced by the Sogdian and Turkic cultures. After Genghis Khan destroyed it in 1219, it was rebuilt and profited from the Silk Road. From the 18th to the 19th century, the city became an independent city-state, before being re-conquered by the Khanate of Kokand. In 1865, Tashkent fell to the Russian Empire; it became the capital of Russian Turkestan. In Soviet times, it witnessed major growth and demographic changes due to forced deportations from throughout the Sov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferghana Valley
The Fergana Valley (; ; ) in Central Asia lies mainly in eastern Uzbekistan, but also extends into southern Kyrgyzstan and northern Tajikistan. Divided into three republics of the former Soviet Union, the valley is ethnically diverse and in the early 21st century was the scene of conflict. A large triangular valley in what is an often dry part of Central Asia, the Fergana owes its fertility to two rivers, the Naryn and the Kara Darya, which run from the east, joining near Namangan, forming the Syr Darya river. The valley's history stretches back over 2,300 years, when Alexander the Great founded Alexandria Eschate at its southwestern end. Chinese chroniclers date its towns to more than 2,100 years ago, as a path between Greek, Chinese, Bactrian and Parthian civilisations. It was home to Babur, founder of the Mughal Dynasty, tying the region to modern Afghanistan and South Asia. The Russian Empire conquered the valley at the end of the 19th century, and it became part of the Sovi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suyab
Suyab ( fa, سوی آب; Middle Chinese: /suʌiH jiᴇp̚/), also known as ''Ordukent'' (modern-day ''Ak-Beshim''), was an ancient Silk Road city located some 50 km east from Bishkek, and 8 km west southwest from Tokmok, in the Chu river valley, present-day Kyrgyzstan. The ruins of this city, along with other acheological sites associated with the Silk Road, was inscribed in 2014 on the UNESCO World Heritage List as the Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor World Heritage Site. History The settlement of Sogdian merchants sprang up along the Silk Road in the 5th or 6th centuries. The name of the city derives from that of the Suyab River,Xue (1998), p. 136-140, 212-215. whose origin is Iranian (in Persian: ''suy'' means "toward"+ ''ab'' for "water", "rivers"). It was first recorded by Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang who traveled in the area in 629: ''Traveling 500 li to the north west of Great Qing Lake, we arrive at the city of the Suye River. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fait Accompli
Many words in the English vocabulary are of French origin, most coming from the Anglo-Norman spoken by the upper classes in England for several hundred years after the Norman Conquest, before the language settled into what became Modern English. English words of French origin, such as ''art'', ''competition'', ''force'', ''machine'', and ''table'' are pronounced according to English rules of phonology, rather than French, and are commonly used by English speakers without any consciousness of their French origin. This article, on the other hand, covers French words and phrases that have entered the English lexicon without ever losing their character as Gallicisms: they remain unmistakably "French" to an English speaker. They are most common in written English, where they retain French diacritics and are usually printed in italics. In spoken English, at least some attempt is generally made to pronounce them as they would sound in French; an entirely English pronunciation is re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ashina Xin
{{disambig, surname ...
Ashina may refer to: *Ashina tribe, a ruling dynasty of the Turkic Khaganate *Ashina clan (Japan),_one_of_the_Japanese_clans *Ashina_District,_Hiroshima.html" ;"title="DF 7 of 80; retrieved 2013-5-4 ..., one of the Japanese clans *Ashina District, Hiroshima">DF 7 of 80; retrieved 2013-5-4 ..., one of the Japanese clans *Ashina District, Hiroshima, a former Japanese district *Empress Ashina (551–582), empress of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Zhou *Sei Ashina (1983–2020), Japanese actress *Main setting of ''Sekiro: Shadows Die Twice'' See also *[ sena, a mythical female wolf found in old Turkic mythology *Ashna (other) Ashna may refer to: Surname * Hesamodin Ashna, Iranian politician presidential advisor * Hossein Ashena, Iranian footballer. Given name * Ashna Zaveri, Indian actress * Ashna Roy, Indian female badminton player Places * Ashna, Khonj, a villag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Kamarja
The siege of Kamarja was fought in 729 between the Arab Muslims of the Umayyad Caliphate and the Türgesh Khaganate, along with its Soghdian allies. The Umayyad conquest of Transoxiana had been undone in the 720s by the uprisings of the local Soghdian princes and the Türgesh invasions. By 729, the small fortress of Kamarja near Samarkand (in modern Uzbekistan) was one of the last remaining Arab strongholds in Transoxiana, when it was attacked by the Türgesh under the personal direction of their ruler, Suluk. The subsequent siege, for which a detailed account survives in the history of al-Tabari, lasted for 58 days and ended with the negotiated withdrawal of its garrison to Samarkand. The stubborn defence of Kamarja was celebrated in Arabic literature, but the Arab hold over the region was broken after the Battle of the Defile two years later. It was only following the collapse of the Türgesh Khaganate after 738 that the Arabs re-established their rule over Transoxiana. Backgr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
