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Kuruc
Kuruc (, plural ''kurucok''), also spelled kurutz, refers to a group of armed anti-Habsburg insurgents in the Kingdom of Hungary between 1671 and 1711. Over time, the term kuruc has come to designate Hungarians who advocate strict national independence and the term labanc to designate Hungarians who advocate cooperating with outside powers. The term kuruc is used in both a positive sense to mean “patriotic” and in a negative sense to mean “chauvinistic.” The term labanc is almost always used in a negative sense to mean “disloyal” or “traitorous.” The kuruc army was composed mostly of impoverished lower Hungarian nobility and serfs, including Hungarian Protestant peasants and Slavs. They managed to conquer large parts of Hungary in several uprisings from Transylvania before they were defeated by Habsburg imperial troops. Name The word ''kuruc'' was first used in 1514 for the armed peasants led by György Dózsa. 18th-century scholar Matthias Bel supposed th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kuruc Labanc Csatajelenet1
Kuruc (, plural ''kurucok''), also spelled kurutz, refers to a group of armed anti-Habsburg insurgents in the Royal Hungary, Kingdom of Hungary between 1671 and 1711. Over time, the term kuruc has come to designate Hungarians who advocate strict national independence and the term labanc to designate Hungarians who advocate cooperating with outside powers. The term kuruc is used in both a positive sense to mean “patriotic” and in a negative sense to mean “chauvinistic.” The term labanc is almost always used in a negative sense to mean “disloyal” or “traitorous.” The kuruc army was composed mostly of impoverished lower Hungarian nobility and serfs, including Reformed Church in Hungary, Hungarian Protestant peasants and Slavs. They managed to conquer large parts of Hungary in several uprisings from Transylvania before they were defeated by Habsburg imperial troops. Name The word ''kuruc'' was first used in 1514 for the armed peasants led by György Dózsa. 18t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emeric Thököly
Emeric Thököly de Késmárk ( hu, késmárki Thököly Imre; sk, Imrich Tököli; ; tr, Tököli İmre; 25 September 1657 13 September 1705) was a Hungarian nobleman, leader of anti-Habsburg uprisings like his father, Count István Thököly, before him. Emeric was Prince of Upper Hungary, an Ottoman vassal state, from 1682 to 1685, and briefly Prince of Transylvania during the year 1690. Having formed an alliance with the Turks, Thököly assisted the Ottoman Empire at the Battle of Vienna in 1683 and led the Turkish cavalry at the battle of Zenta. Refusing to surrender to Habsburg Emperor Leopold I, Thököly lost his principality of Upper Hungary and finally retired to Galata, near Constantinople, with large estates granted him by Mustafa II. Early life Emeric was born in Késmárk in Royal Hungary (now Kežmarok in Slovakia) on 25 September 1657 as the fifth son of Count István Thököly and Mária Gyulaffy. His father was one of the wealthiest aristocrats in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francis II Rákóczi
Francis II Rákóczi ( hu, II. Rákóczi Ferenc, ; 27 March 1676 – 8 April 1735) was a Hungarian nobleman and leader of Rákóczi's War of Independence against the Habsburgs in 1703–11 as the prince ( hu, fejedelem) of the Estates Confederated for Liberty of the Kingdom of Hungary. He was also Prince of Transylvania, an Imperial Prince, and a member of the Order of the Golden Fleece. Today he is considered a national hero in Hungary. His full title was: ''Franciscus II. Dei Gratia Sacri Romani Imperii & Transylvaniae princeps Rakoczi. Particum Regni Hungariae Dominus & Siculorum Comes, Regni Hungariae Pro Libertate Confoederatorum Statuum necnon Munkacsiensis & Makoviczensis Dux, Perpetuus Comes de Saros; Dominus in Patak, Tokaj, Regécz, Ecsed, Somlyó, Lednicze, Szerencs, Onod.'' His name is historically also spelled Rákóczy, in Hungarian: ''II. Rákóczi Ferenc'', in Slovak: ''František II. Rákoci'', in German: ''Franz II. Rákóczi'', in Croatian: ''Franjo II. R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hungary
Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and Slovenia to the southwest, and Austria to the west. Hungary has a population of nearly 9 million, mostly ethnic Hungarians and a significant Romani minority. Hungarian, the official language, is the world's most widely spoken Uralic language and among the few non-Indo-European languages widely spoken in Europe. Budapest is the country's capital and largest city; other major urban areas include Debrecen, Szeged, Miskolc, Pécs, and Győr. The territory of present-day Hungary has for centuries been a crossroads for various peoples, including Celts, Romans, Germanic tribes, Huns, West Slavs and the Avars. The foundation of the Hungarian state was established in the late 9th century AD with the conquest of the Carpathian Basin by Hungar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) // CITED: p. 36 (PDF p. 38/338) also known as the Turkish Empire, was an empire that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, and Northern Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries. It was founded at the end of the 13th century in northwestern Anatolia in the town of Söğüt (modern-day Bilecik Province) by the Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. After 1354, the Ottomans crossed into Europe and, with the conquest of the Balkans, the Ottoman beylik was transformed into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed the Conqueror. Under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire marked the peak of its power and prosperity, as well a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
György Dózsa
György Dózsa (or ''György Székely'',appears as "Georgius Zekel" in old texts ro, Gheorghe Doja; 1470 – 20 July 1514) was a Székely man-at-arms (and by some accounts, a nobleman) from Transylvania, Kingdom of Hungary who led a peasants' revolt against the kingdom's landed nobility. He was eventually caught, tortured, and executed along with his followers, and remembered as both a Christian martyr and a dangerous criminal. During the reign of king Vladislaus II of Hungary (1490–1516), royal power declined in favour of the magnates, who used their power to curtail the peasants' freedom. Military career George Dózsa was born in Dálnok (today Dalnic) around 1470. During the wars against the Ottoman Empire, he was a soldier of fortune. He spent his childhood in Dálnok with his younger brother Gergely (Gregory) Dózsa, and after the death of his father, the family moved to Makfalva. The young Dózsa was always attracted to the military career, and wanted to follow i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
Leopold I (Leopold Ignaz Joseph Balthasar Franz Felician; hu, I. Lipót; 9 June 1640 – 5 May 1705) was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary, Croatia, and Bohemia. The second son of Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor, by his first wife, Maria Anna of Spain, Leopold became heir apparent in 1654 by the death of his elder brother Ferdinand IV. Elected in 1658, Leopold ruled the Holy Roman Empire until his death in 1705, becoming the second longest-ruling Habsburg emperor (46 years and 9 months). He was both a composer and considerable patron of music. Leopold's reign is known for conflicts with the Ottoman Empire in the Great Turkish War (1683-1699) and rivalry with Louis XIV, a contemporary and first cousin (on the maternal side; fourth cousin on the paternal side), in the west. After more than a decade of warfare, Leopold emerged victorious in the east thanks to the military talents of Prince Eugene of Savoy. By the Treaty of Karlowitz, Leopold recovered almost all of the Kingd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slavs
Slavs are the largest European ethnolinguistic group. They speak the various Slavic languages, belonging to the larger Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European languages. Slavs are geographically distributed throughout northern Eurasia, mainly inhabiting Central and Eastern Europe, and the Balkans to the west; and Siberia to the east. A large Slavic minority is also scattered across the Baltic states and Central Asia, while a substantial Slavic diaspora is found throughout the Americas, as a result of immigration. Present-day Slavs are classified into East Slavs (chiefly Belarusians, Russians, Rusyns, and Ukrainians), West Slavs (chiefly Czechs, Kashubians, Poles, Slovaks and Sorbs) and South Slavs (chiefly Bosniaks, Bulgarians, Croats, Macedonians, Montenegrins, Serbs and Slovenes). The vast majority of Slavs are traditionally Christians. However, modern Slavic nations and ethnic groups are considerably diverse both genetically and culturally, and relations between them ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christoph Ignaz Abele
Christoph Ignaz Abele, von und zu Lilienberg (1628, in Vienna – 12 October 1685, in Vienna), son of a Swabian family, was an Austrian jurist. Biography First records of the Abele family first appear at the court of Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria, where a member is listed in the court service. In 1547, the Abeles were awarded a nobility title and tenures in Lower Austria and Steiermark. The good reputation of the Abeles is linked primarily to Christoph Ignaz, who earned a name and a career in the higher civil service of Austria at the same time as Johann Hocher, Freiherr von Hohenkrän. Abele was awarded the title ''von und zu Lilienberg, Erbherr auf Hacking'' on 5 November 1655 by Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor. He became imperial secretary and was in charge of important transactions. In 1667-1670, he took a principal place in the fact-finding committee at the process against the Hungarian magnate conspiracy. In 1674 he was incorporated in the "old" nobility. Abele kept a l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johann Paul Freiherr Von Hocher
Johann Paul Freiherr von Hocher (12 August 1616, in Freiburg (then in Austria) – 28 February 1683, in Vienna) was an Austrian jurist and Supreme Court Chancellor (''Hofkanzler'') to the Emperor Leopold I. Early life Johann Paul Hocher was the son of Johann Hocher Arbogast Hocher (or Hocherr) from Masmünster in Oberelsass (Upper Alsace), a professor at the University of Freiburg, and Magdalena von Mager of Fuchsstadt. At the university in Freiburg he studied law. Because of concerns about the war with Sweden, his parents sent Hocher to Innsbruck in 1635. There, the local Hofkammer-president Johann Michael von Schmauß took care of him and brought him to the famous lawyer Johann Baptist Drächsel at Bozen (Bolzano), where Hocher acquired a reputation as a lawyer, although he soon fell out with Drächsel. In 1642 he was awarded his doctorate in law from Freiburg. Career In 1637 Archduke Ferdinand Karl appointed him to be a councillor (''Regimentsrat'') of Upper Austria. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Václav Eusebius František, Prince Of Lobkowicz
Václav Eusebius František, Prince of Lobkowicz (''German: Fürst Wenzel Eusebius von Lobkowicz'') (30 January 1609 – Roudnice, 22 April 1677) was a Bohemian military leader and diplomat of the Lobkowicz family. After 1646, he was Duke of Sagan. Life Born in the noble House of Lobkowicz, he was the son of Bohemian Chancellor Zdeněk Vojtěch Popel z Lobkowicz and Polyxena Pernštejn. He was a passionate advocate of Catholic doctrine and succeeded, with clever tactics, in amassing a considerable fortune for the Roudnice branch of the family. After a thorough training, he joined the Imperial Army in 1631, where he raised his own regiment to fight in the Thirty Years' War and reached the rank of field marshal. He later made a name as a politician and diplomat, holding the titles of President of the Imperial War Council (from 1652) and President of the Imperial Privy Council (from 1669). In 1646 he purchased the Silesian Duchy of Sagan which Emperor Ferdinand III had confi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Principality Of Transylvania (1570–1711)
The Principality of Transylvania ( hu, Erdélyi Fejedelemség; la, Principatus Transsilvaniae; german: Fürstentum Siebenbürgen; ro, Principatul Transilvaniei / Principatul Ardealului; tr, Erdel Voyvodalığı / Transilvanya Prensliği) was a semi-independent state ruled primarily by Hungarian princes. Its territory, in addition to the traditional Transylvanian lands, also included the other major component called Partium, which was in some periods comparable in size with Transylvania proper. The establishment of the principality was connected to the Treaty of Speyer. However, Stephen Báthory's status as king of Poland also helped to phase in the name ''Principality of Transylvania''.Katalin PéterBeloved Children: History of Aristocratic Childhood in Hungary in the Early Modern Age Central European University Press, 2001, p. 27 It was usually under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire, although the principality often had dual vassalage ( Ottoman Turkish sultans and Habsbur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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