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Kuki-Chin
The Kuki-Chin languages (also called Kuki-Chin-Mizo, Kukish or South-Central Tibeto-Burman languages) are a branch of 50 or so Sino-Tibetan languages spoken in northeastern India, western Myanmar and southeastern Bangladesh. Most speakers of these languages are known as Mizo in Mizoram and Manipur. Also, as Kukī in Assamese and Bengali and as Chin in Burmese; some also identify as Zomi. Mizo is the most widely spoken of the Kuki-Chin languages. Kuki-Chin is sometimes placed under Kuki-Chin–Naga, a geographical rather than linguistic grouping. Most Kuki-Chin languages are spoken in and around Chin State, Myanmar, with some languages spoken in Sagaing Division, Magway Region and Rakhine State as well. In Northeast India, many Northern Kuki-Chin languages are also spoken in Mizoram State and Manipur State of India, especially in Churachandpur District, Pherzawl District, Kangpokpi District, Senapati District. Northwestern Kuki-Chin languages are spoken mostly in Chand ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northern Kuki-Chin Languages
Northern Kuki-Chin (or Northeastern Kuki-Chin) is a branch of Kuki-Chin languages. It is called ''Northeastern Kuki-Chin'' by Peterson (2017) to distinguish it from the Northwestern Kuki-Chin languages. VanBik (2009:31) also calls the branch ''Northern Chin'' or ''Zo''. Except for Thado speakers, most Northern Kuki-Chin speakers self-identify as part of a wider Zomi ethnic group. Lingua francas Tedim is the local lingua franca of northern Chin State, Myanmar, while Thado (also known as Kuki) is the local lingua franca of much of southern Manipur State, India. Languages VanBik (2009) includes the following languages as Northern Kuki-Chin languages. The positions of Ngawn and Ralte are not addressed by VanBik (2009), but they are classified as Northern Kuki-Chin in Glottolog. * Thado (Kuki) *Tedim * Paite * Gangte * Simte *Chiru * Sizang *Ralte * Vaiphei * Zo * Ngawn Zomi languages The ''Zomi'' languages refer to most of the Northern Kuki-Chin languages, excluding Thado ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Kuki-Chin Languages
Central Kuki-Chin is a branch of the Kuki-Chin languages. Central Kuki-Chin languages are spoken primarily in Mizoram and other parts of North East India and also in Hakha Township and Falam Township of Chin State, Myanmar. Official use Mizo is the official language of Mizoram State, India. Classification VanBik (2009:23) classifies the Central Kuki-Chin languages as follows. ;Central Kuki-Chin * Pangkhua? * Laamtuk Thet (Tawr): Laamtuk, Ruavaan dialects * Lai languages **Hakha cluster: Halkha, Farrawn, Thantlang, Mi-E, Zokhua **Falam cluster: Bawm, Bualkhaw, Laizo, Lente, Khualsim, Khuangli, Sim, Tlaisun, Zanniat * Mizo languages ** Mizo cluster: Fanai, Hualngo, Lusei, Khiangte, Renthlei **Hmar cluster: Hmar, Biete , Hrangkhol , Sakachep ,Zote ,Thiek , Saihriem(Faihriem) ,etc VanBik (2009) is unsure about the classification of Pangkhua, and tentatively places it within Central Kuki-Chin. Sound changes VanBik (2009) lists the following sound changes from Proto-Kuki-C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kuki-Chin–Naga Languages
The Kuki-Chin–Naga languages are a geographic clustering of languages of the Sino-Tibetan family in James Matisoff's classification used by ''Ethnologue'', which groups it under the non-monophyletic "Tibeto-Burman". Their genealogical relationship both to each other and to the rest of Sino-Tibetan is unresolved, but Matisoff lumps them together as a convenience pending further research. The languages are spoken by the ethnically related Naga people of Nagaland, the Chin people of Burma, and the Kuki people. The larger among these languages have communities of several tens of thousands of native speakers, and a few have more than 100,000, such as Mizo (674,756 in India as of 2001), Thadou (150,000) or Lotha language (180,000). "Kuki" and "Chin" are essentially synonyms, whereas the Naga speak languages belonging to several Sino-Tibetan branches. Languages The established branches are: * Kuki-Chin ** Southern Naga (Northwestern) ** Northern ** Central ** Maraic ** Khomic * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Tibeto-Burman Languages
Central Tibeto-Burman or Central Trans-Himalayan is a proposed branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family proposed by Scott DeLancey (2015) on the basis of shared morphological evidence. DeLancey (2018)DeLancey, Scott (2018). ''Internal and external history of the Central branch of Tibeto-Burman/Trans-Himalayan''. Paper presented at the 28th Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society, held May 17-19, 2018 in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. considers Central Tibeto-Burman to be a linkage rather than a branch with a clearly nested internal structure. DeLancey's Central Tibeto-Burman group includes many languages in Matisoff's (2015: 1123-1127)Matisoff, James A. 2015''The Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus'' Berkeley: University of California.PDF proposed Northeast Indian areal group, which includes Tani, Deng (Digaro), “ Kuki-Chin–Naga”, Meithei, Mikir, Mru, and Sal. Languages DeLancey considers there to be strong morphological evidence for the follo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northwestern Kuki-Chin Languages
Southern Naga, also Old Kuki or Northwestern Kuki-Chin,Andrew Hsiu (2019) is a branch of Kuki-Chin-Naga languages. Speakers are from Kuki-Chin-Mizos people like Kom tribes such as Aimol, Kom, Koireng and others and Nagas. Languages Scott DeLancey, et al. (2015) classify the following languages as Northwestern Kuki-Chin. Purum and Kharam have been added from Peterson (2017). *Aimol *Anal *Chiru * Chothe * Kharam * Koren *Kom * Lamkang * Monsang *Moyon *Purum The Purums are an indigenous tribe of Manipur. They are (or were) notable because their marriage system is the subject of ongoing statistical and ethnographical analysis; Buchler states that "they are perhaps the most over-analyzed society in ant ... * Tarao References *DeLancey, Scott; Krishna Boro; Linda Konnerth; Amos Teo. 2015. ''Tibeto-Burman Languages of the Indo-Myanmar borderland''. 31st South Asian Languages Analysis Roundtable, 14 May 2015. *Peterson, David. 2017. "On Kuki-Chin subgrouping." In Picus S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Southern Kuki-Chin Languages
Southern Kuki-Chin is a branch of Kuki-Chin languages. They are spoken mostly in southern Chin State, Myanmar and in southeastern Bangladesh. Some languages formerly classified as Southern Kuki-Chin, including Khumi, Mro, Rengmitca, are now classified as Khomic languages by Peterson (2017). VanBik (2009) and Peterson (2017) split Southern Kuki-Chin into the ''Asho'' and ''Cho'' branches. Languages * Shö * Thaiphum * Daai * Müün (K'cho, Ng'meeng, Nitu, Hmong-k'cha, Ng'gah) * Kaang * Nga La * Welaung (Rawngtu) * Laitu * Ekai *Rungtu Rungtu (Rungtu Chin), also known as Taungtha ( my, တောင်သားဘာသာစကား) is a moribund Kuki-Chin language of Burma spoken by the Taungtha people. It is spoken in 35 villages in Htilin, Kyaukhtu, and Saw townships, Mag ... (Taungtha) * Songlai * Sumtu References *Peterson, David. 2017. "On Kuki-Chin subgrouping." In Picus Sizhi Ding and Jamin Pelkey, eds. ''Sociohistorical linguistics in Southeast Asia: New horiz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maraic Languages
The Maraic languages are a branch of Kuki-Chin languages. Languages The Maraic languages are (VanBik 2009:23): * Mara (Tlôsaih) *Lyvaw (Lochei and Chira) *Sizo (Chapi, Ngaphe and Sabyu) * Lutuv (Lytu/Kahno) * Zophei (Vawngtu,Leitak) * Senthang * Zotung (Calthawng, Innmai, Lungngo) *Hlaipao (Vahapi yhno Heima and Lialai) Sound changes VanBik (2009) lists the following sound change A sound change, in historical linguistics, is a change in the pronunciation of a language. A sound change can involve the replacement of one speech sound (or, more generally, one phonetic feature value) by a different one (called phonetic chang ...s from Proto-Kuki-Chin to Proto-Maraic. *Proto-Kuki-Chin *-p, *-t, *-k > Proto-Maraic *-''ʔ'' *Proto-Kuki-Chin *-ʔ > Proto-Maraic ''zero'' *Proto-Kuki-Chin *-r, *-l > Proto-Maraic ''zero'' *Proto-Kuki-Chin *kr- > Proto-Maraic *''ts''- References *Peterson, David. 2017. "On Kuki-Chin subgrouping." In Picus Sizhi Ding and Jamin Pelkey, eds. ''Sociohistor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tibeto-Burman
The Tibeto-Burman languages are the non- Sinitic members of the Sino-Tibetan language family, over 400 of which are spoken throughout the Southeast Asian Massif ("Zomia") as well as parts of East Asia and South Asia. Around 60 million people speak Tibeto-Burman languages. The name derives from the most widely spoken of these languages, Burmese and the Tibetic languages, which also have extensive literary traditions, dating from the 12th and 7th centuries respectively. Most of the other languages are spoken by much smaller communities, and many of them have not been described in detail. Though the division of Sino-Tibetan into Sinitic and Tibeto-Burman branches (e.g. Benedict, Matisoff) is widely used, some historical linguists criticize this classification, as the non-Sinitic Sino-Tibetan languages lack any shared innovations in phonology or morphology to show that they comprise a clade of the phylogenetic tree. History During the 18th century, several scholars noticed paral ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mizo Language
The Mizo language, or ''Mizo ṭawng'', is a Kuki-Chin-Mizo language belonging to the Tibeto-Burman family of languages, spoken natively by the Mizo people in the Mizoram state of India and Chin State in Myanmar. The language is also known as Duhlian and Lushai, a colonial term, as the Duhlian people were the first among the Mizos to be encountered by the British in the course of their colonial expansion. The Mizo language is mainly based on Lusei dialect but it has also derived many words from its surrounding Mizo sub-tribes and sub-clan. Now, Mizo language or ''Mizo ṭawng'' is the ''lingua franca'' of Mizoram and its surrounding areas and to a lesser extent of Myanmar and Bangladesh and in India in some parts of Assam, Tripura and Manipur. Many poetic languages are derived from Pawi, Paite, and Hmar, and most known ancient poems considered to be Mizo are actually in Pawi. Mizo is the official language of Mizoram, along with English, and there have been efforts to have it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khomic Languages
The Khomic languages are a branch of Kuki-Chin languages proposed by Peterson (2017). They are spoken mostly in southern Chin State, Myanmar and in southeastern Bangladesh Bangladesh (}, ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 165 million people in an area of . Bangladesh is among the mos .... Languages Khomic languages include (Peterson 2017): * Khumi *Khami (Eastern Khumi) *Lemi * Mro * Rengmitca References *Peterson, David. 2017. "On Kuki-Chin subgrouping." In Picus Sizhi Ding and Jamin Pelkey, eds. ''Sociohistorical linguistics in Southeast Asia: New horizons for Tibeto-Burman studies in honor of David Bradley'', 189–209. Leiden: Brill. *Peterson, David A. 2012. ''The Khumi cluster and its place in Kuki-Chin''. Paper presented at ICSTLL 45, Singapore. {{Kuki-Chin–Naga languages * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sino-Tibetan Languages
Sino-Tibetan, also cited as Trans-Himalayan in a few sources, is a family of more than 400 languages, second only to Indo-European in number of native speakers. The vast majority of these are the 1.3 billion native speakers of Chinese languages. Other Sino-Tibetan languages with large numbers of speakers include Burmese (33 million) and the Tibetic languages (6 million). Other languages of the family are spoken in the Himalayas, the Southeast Asian Massif, and the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. Most of these have small speech communities in remote mountain areas, and as such are poorly documented. Several low-level subgroups have been securely reconstructed, but reconstruction of a proto-language for the family as a whole is still at an early stage, so the higher-level structure of Sino-Tibetan remains unclear. Although the family is traditionally presented as divided into Sinitic (i.e. Chinese) and Tibeto-Burman branches, a common origin of the non-Sinitic languages has n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zomi People
The Chin people (, ) are a Southeast Asian people native to Chin State and its neighbouring states of Myanmar.Head, JonathanBurma's 'abused Chin need help' ''BBC News'', Jan 28, 2009, accessed Jan 28, 2009 The Chin are one of the founding groups (Chin, Kachin, Shan and Bamar) of the Union of Burma. The Chin speak a variety of related languages, share elements of cultures and traditions. According to the British state media BBC News, "The Chin people... are one of the most persecuted minority groups in Burma." These people predominantly live in the Chin State, Bago Division, Ayeyarwady Division, Magwe Division, Rakhine State and Sagaing Region of Myanmar, but are also spread throughout Burma, Bangladesh and India. In the 2014 Burmese ethnic census, the Chin ethnicity was again dismissed by the people of the Chin State. It is to be noted that the Mizo people in Mizoram, India and the Chin are both Chin-Kuki-Mizo people, who share the same history with each other. The difference ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
