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Maraic Languages
The Maraic languages are a branch of Kuki-Chin languages. Languages The Maraic languages are (VanBik 2009:23): * Mara (Tlôsaih) *Lyvaw (Lochei and Chira) *Sizo (Chapi, Ngaphe and Sabyu) * Lutuv (Lytu/Kahno) * Zophei (Vawngtu,Leitak) * Senthang * Zotung (Calthawng, Innmai, Lungngo) *Hlaipao (Vahapi yhno Heima and Lialai) Sound changes VanBik (2009) lists the following sound change A sound change, in historical linguistics, is a change in the pronunciation of a language. A sound change can involve the replacement of one speech sound (or, more generally, one phonetic feature value) by a different one (called phonetic chang ...s from Proto-Kuki-Chin to Proto-Maraic. *Proto-Kuki-Chin *-p, *-t, *-k > Proto-Maraic *-''ʔ'' *Proto-Kuki-Chin *-ʔ > Proto-Maraic ''zero'' *Proto-Kuki-Chin *-r, *-l > Proto-Maraic ''zero'' *Proto-Kuki-Chin *kr- > Proto-Maraic *''ts''- References *Peterson, David. 2017. "On Kuki-Chin subgrouping." In Picus Sizhi Ding and Jamin Pelkey, eds. ''Sociohistor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mizoram
Mizoram () is a state in Northeast India, with Aizawl as its seat of government and capital city. The name of the state is derived from "Mizo people, Mizo", the endonym, self-described name of the native inhabitants, and "Ram", which in the Mizo language means "land." Thus "Mizo-ram" means "land of the Mizos". Within India's northeast region, it is the southernmost landlocked state, sharing borders with three of the Seven Sister States, namely Tripura, Assam and Manipur. The state also shares a border with the neighbouring countries of Bangladesh and Myanmar. Like several other northeastern states of India, Mizoram was previously part of Assam until 1972, when it was carved out as a Union Territory. In 1986 the Indian Parliament adopted the 53rd amendment of the Indian Constitution, which allowed for the creation of the State of Mizoram on 20 February 1987, as India's 23rd state. According to a 2011 census, in that year Mizoram's population was 1,091,014. It is the list of stat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia. Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago., "Y-Chromosome and Mt-DNA data support the colonization of South Asia by modern humans originating in Africa. ... Coalescence dates for most non-European populations average to between 73–55 ka.", "Modern human beings—''Homo sapiens''—originated in Africa. Then, int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chin State
Chin State (, ) is a state in western Myanmar. The Chin State is bordered by Sagaing Division and Magway Division to the east, Rakhine State to the south, Bangladesh to the south-west, and the Indian states of Mizoram to the west and Manipur to the north. The population of Chin state is about 478,801 in 2014 census. The capital of the state is Hakha. The state is a mountainous region with few transportation links. Chin State is sparsely populated and remains one of the least developed areas of the country. Chin State has the highest poverty rate of 73% as per the released figures from the first official survey. The official radio broadcasting dialect of Chin is Falam. There are 53 different subtribes and languages in Chin State. There are nine townships in Chin State: Hakha, Thantlang, Falam, Tedim, Tonzang, Matupi, Mindat, Kanpetlet and Paletwa townships. In 1896, Mindat and Kanpetlet were placed under Pakokku Hill Tracts District of British Burma later emerged into Chin h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myanmar
Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John C. Wells, John Wells explains, the English spellings of both Myanmar and Burma assume a non-rhotic variety of English, in which the letter r before a consonant or finally serves merely to indicate a long vowel: [ˈmjænmɑː, ˈbɜːmə]. So the pronunciation of the last syllable of Myanmar as [mɑːr] or of Burma as [bɜːrmə] by some speakers in the UK and most speakers in North America is in fact a spelling pronunciation based on a misunderstanding of non-rhotic spelling conventions. The final ''r'' in ''Myanmar'' was not intended for pronunciation and is there to ensure that the final a is pronounced with the broad a, broad ''ah'' () in "father". If the Burmese name my, မြန်မာ, label=none were spelled "Myanma" in English, this would b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mara People
The Mara are the native inhabitants of Mizoram in India, native to northeastern India, primarily in the Mara Autonomous District Council of the state of Mizoram, where they form the majority of the population. The Maras are related to Kuki and Mizos in India and Kachin, Karen, Shan and Chins in Myanmar. Significant numbers of Maras also live in the southwestern and south-central parts of Chin State (Burma) in Myanmar - the contiguous area of Mara area in India mostly separated by Kolodyne / Chhimtuipui / Beino river, which forms an international boundary. They have gone by a number of tribal names to the outside world. The Mara were earlier known as ''Magha'', ''Miram'', ''Baungshel'', ''Maring'', ''Zyu'' or ''Zao/Zho'', ''Khuangsai''. Additionally they were known as ''Lakher'' by the Tlaikao/Lushai, ''Miram'' by the Lai, and ''Shendu'' by the Khumi, Dai, Shô, Matu, and Rakhaing people. The new name ''Mara'' was added to the List of Scheduled Tribes in Mizoram state ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kuki-Chin Languages
The Kuki-Chin languages (also called Kuki-Chin-Mizo, Kukish or South-Central Tibeto-Burman languages) are a branch of 50 or so Sino-Tibetan languages spoken in northeastern India, western Myanmar and southeastern Bangladesh. Most speakers of these languages are known as Mizo in Mizoram and Manipur. Also, as Kukī in Assamese and Bengali and as Chin in Burmese; some also identify as Zomi. Mizo is the most widely spoken of the Kuki-Chin languages. Kuki-Chin is sometimes placed under Kuki-Chin–Naga, a geographical rather than linguistic grouping. Most Kuki-Chin languages are spoken in and around Chin State, Myanmar, with some languages spoken in Sagaing Division, Magway Region and Rakhine State as well. In Northeast India, many Northern Kuki-Chin languages are also spoken in Mizoram State and Manipur State of India, especially in Churachandpur District, Pherzawl District, Kangpokpi District, Senapati District. Northwestern Kuki-Chin languages are spoken mostly in Chandel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mara Language
Mara is a Kuki-Chin language spoken by Mara people, mostly the Tlosaih tribe living in 30 villages of Chhimtuipui district, southern Mizoram, India and the adjacent villages in Burma. The Mara (Tlosaih) languages belong to the Kuki-Chin branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family. The speakers of the languages are also known as Mara (Tlosais). Mara is a recognised language in the Mara Autonomous District Council (MADC) school curriculum. Mara is a compulsory subject for all schools up to class VII (middle school) under the Board of School Education, MADC. Demographics *Population: 56,574 in Saiha district, Mizoram, India (2011), 37,000 in Burma (2007). *Region: Saiha District, Mizoram (India), Indo-Burma Border *Alternate names: Lakher, Mara, Maram, Mira, Zao, Shendu, Khawngsai, Khyeng. *Languages: Tlôsaih, Sizo (Chapi/Saby/Ngiaphia), Hlaipao (Vahapi, Heima and Lelai), Lyvaw (Nohro & Notlia), Lochei ochebi, Zophei (Ahnai/Vytu, Bawipa and Asah/Leita), Senthang (Khuapi/Saith ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lautu Language
Lutuv, widely known as Lautu Chin, is a Kuki-Chin language spoken in 16 villages in Matupi townships, Thantlang townships and Hakha townships, Chin State, Myanmar. The Lautu Chin dialects share 90%–97% lexical similarity In linguistics, lexical similarity is a measure of the degree to which the word sets of two given languages are similar. A lexical similarity of 1 (or 100%) would mean a total overlap between vocabularies, whereas 0 means there are no common words. .... Lautu Chin has 87%–94% lexical similarity with Mara Chin, 82%–85% with Zophe Chin, 80%–86% with Senthang Chin. The Chin Languages Research Project with Lutuv translator Sui Hnem Par have provided translations of ten short books into Lutuv. Distribution Lutuv is spoken in the following villages: Hnaring, Khuahrang, Thang-aw, Fanthen (Aasaw), Surngen, Tisen, Sentung, Hriangpi (Hrepuv), Sate, Lekang, Lawngthangtlang, Zuamang, Capaw, Pintia, La-u, and Lei Pi (Li Puv). References Kuki-Chin langu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zophei Language
Zyphe (also spelled Zophei) is a Kuki-Chin language spoken primarily in Thantlang township, Chin State, Myanmar, and also spoken in India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so .... It is spoken by 17,000 Burmese and 3,000 Indians. There are 2 dialects, east Zyphe and west Zyphe. References Languages of Myanmar Languages of Mizoram Kuki-Chin languages {{st-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Senthang Language
Senthang (Sethang Chin) is a Kuki-Chin-Mizo language of Burma. The Senthang dialects share 79% to 95% lexical similarity. Geographical distribution Senthang is spoken in the following locations ('' Ethnologue''). * Hakha township, Chin State *Thantlang township, Chin State (2 villages) * Gangaw township, Magway Region (15 villages) *Kalemyo township, Sagaing Region Sagaing Region ( my, စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်းဒေသကြီး, ; formerly Sagaing Division) is an administrative region of Myanmar, located in the north-western part of the country between latitude 21° 30' north and lon ... (2 villages) VanBik (2009:55)VanBik, Kenneth. 2009. ''Proto-Kuki-Chin: A Reconstructed Ancestor of the Kuki-Chin Languages''. STEDT Monograph 8. . lists the following Senthang villages: Buan Lung, Bung Tuah, Bung Zung, Chawn Cum, Cin Tlang, Dong Va, Dum Va, Hau Sen, Kei Zuan, Khua Pi, Lang Pho, Lei Um, Li Chia, Lung Hau, Lung Rang, Lung Tar, Phai Pha, Phai Zawng, Sak T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zotung Language
Zotung (Zobya) is a language spoken by the Zotung people, in Rezua Township, Chin State, Burma. It is a continuum of closely related dialects and accents. The language does not have a standard written form since it has dialects with multiple variations on its pronunciations. Instead, Zotung speakers use a widely accepted alphabet for writing with which they spell using their respective dialect. However, formal documents are written using the Lungngo dialect because it was the tongue of the first person to prescribe a standard writing, Sir Siabawi Khuamin. Phonology Zoccaw or Zo alphabet :Aa AWaw Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Yy Zz Vowels A AW E I O U Y -a /a/~ weak form /ɔː/~/aʊː/ -aw /ɔː/~/auː/ -e /eː/~/ɛ/~ weak form /œ/ -i /iː/ weak form /ɨ/ -o /o/~/oʊː/~ weak form /ə/ -u /uː/~ weak form /ʊ/ -y /ɪ/~/ɨː/~/ʏː/ Diphthongs and triphthongs: -ae /æ/~/ɛː/ -ai /aiː/~ weak form /æ/ -au /aʊː/~weak form /oʊ/ -awi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sound Change
A sound change, in historical linguistics, is a change in the pronunciation of a language. A sound change can involve the replacement of one speech sound (or, more generally, one phonetic feature value) by a different one (called phonetic change) or a more general change to the speech sounds that exist (phonological change), such as the merger of two sounds or the creation of a new sound. A sound change can eliminate the affected sound, or a new sound can be added. Sound changes can be environmentally conditioned if the change occurs in only some sound environments, and not others. The term "sound change" refers to diachronic changes, which occur in a language's sound system. On the other hand, " alternation" refers to changes that happen synchronically (within the language of an individual speaker, depending on the neighbouring sounds) and do not change the language's underlying system (for example, the ''-s'' in the English plural can be pronounced differently depending on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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