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Kohtla-Järve Power Plant
The Kohtla-Järve Power Plant () is an oil shale-fired power plant in Kohtla-Järve, Estonia, about 15 km to north-west of the Ahtme Power Plant. It is owned by VKG Soojus, a subsidiary of Viru Keemia Grupp. It consists of Põhja Power Plant and Lõuna Power Plant (stopped operations in 2009). The Kohtla-Järve Power Plant (Põhja Power Plant) was commissioned in 1949–1967 with designed electrical capacity 48 MW. The first generator of the plant was commissioned in January 1949. This was the first time when the oil shale pulverized-firing combustion technology was implemented for power generation. The first generator had a capacity of 12 MW. At the beginning the plant used Riley Stoker boilers and General Electric generators; however, boilers developed for the pulverized firing of coal and lignite were not fit to work on pulverized oil shale. As of 2005, the power plant had capacity of 39 MW electricity and 534 MW of heat. It is equipped by f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estonia
Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Russia. The territory of Estonia consists of the mainland, the larger islands of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa, and over 2,300 other islands and islets on the east coast of the Baltic Sea. Its capital Tallinn and Tartu are the two largest List of cities and towns in Estonia, urban areas. The Estonian language is the official language and the first language of the Estonians, majority of its population of nearly 1.4 million. Estonia is one of the least populous members of the European Union and NATO. Present-day Estonia has been inhabited since at least 9,000 BC. The Ancient Estonia#Early Middle Ages, medieval indigenous population of Estonia was one of the last pagan civilisations in Europe to adopt Christianity following the Northern Crusades in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lignite
Lignite (derived from Latin ''lignum'' meaning 'wood'), often referred to as brown coal, is a soft, brown, combustible sedimentary rock formed from naturally compressed peat. It has a carbon content around 25–35% and is considered the lowest rank of coal due to its relatively low heat content. When removed from the ground, it contains a very high amount of moisture, which partially explains its low carbon content. Lignite is mined all around the world and is used almost exclusively as a fuel for steam-electric power generation. Lignite combustion produces less heat for the amount of carbon dioxide and sulfur released than other ranks of coal. As a result, lignite is the most harmful coal to human health. Depending on the source, various toxic heavy metals, including naturally occurring radioactive materials, may be present in lignite and left over in the coal fly ash produced from its combustion, further increasing health risks. Characteristics Lignite is brownish-bl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cogeneration Power Stations In Estonia
Cogeneration or combined heat and power (CHP) is the use of a heat engine or power station to electricity generation, generate electricity and useful heat at the same time. Cogeneration is a more efficient use of fuel or heat, because otherwise-waste heat, wasted heat from electricity generation is put to some productive use. Combined heat and power (CHP) plants recover otherwise wasted thermal energy for HVAC#heating, heating. This is also called combined heat and power district heating. Small CHP plants are an example of Distributed generation, decentralized energy. By-product heat at moderate temperatures ( can also be used in absorption refrigerators for cooling. The supply of high-temperature heat first drives a gas turbine, gas or steam turbine-powered generator. The resulting low-temperature waste heat is then used for water or space heating. At smaller scales (typically below 1 MW), a gas engine or diesel engine may be used. Cogeneration is also common with geotherm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oil Shale-fired Power Stations In Estonia
An oil is any nonpolar chemical substance that is composed primarily of hydrocarbons and is hydrophobic (does not mix with water) and lipophilic (mixes with other oils). Oils are usually flammable and surface active. Most oils are unsaturated lipids that are liquid at room temperature. The general definition of oil includes classes of chemical compounds that may be otherwise unrelated in structure, properties, and uses. Oils may be animal, vegetable, or petrochemical in origin, and may be volatile or non-volatile. They are used for food (e.g., olive oil), fuel (e.g., heating oil), medical purposes (e.g., mineral oil), lubrication (e.g. motor oil), and the manufacture of many types of paints, plastics, and other materials. Specially prepared oils are used in some religious ceremonies and rituals as purifying agents. Etymology First attested in English 1176, the word ''oil'' comes from Old French ''oile'', from -4; we might wonder whether there's a point at which it's appro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Energy Infrastructure Completed In 1949
Energy () is the quantitative property that is transferred to a body or to a physical system, recognizable in the performance of work and in the form of heat and light. Energy is a conserved quantity—the law of conservation of energy states that energy can be converted in form, but not created or destroyed. The unit of measurement for energy in the International System of Units (SI) is the joule (J). Forms of energy include the kinetic energy of a moving object, the potential energy stored by an object (for instance due to its position in a field), the elastic energy stored in a solid object, chemical energy associated with chemical reactions, the radiant energy carried by electromagnetic radiation, the internal energy contained within a thermodynamic system, and rest energy associated with an object's rest mass. These are not mutually exclusive. All living organisms constantly take in and release energy. The Earth's climate and ecosystems processes are driven primarily ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Energy In Estonia
Energy in Estonia has heavily depended on fossil fuels. Finland and Estonia are two of the last countries in the world still burning peat. Estonia has set a target of 100% of electricity production from renewable sources by 2030 and climate neutrality by 2050. In response to geopolitical tensions, Estonia reduced its reliance on Russian energy sources by halting imports of Russian pipeline gas in April 2022 and banning all Russian natural gas and oil product imports, including LNG, by September 2022. In December 2022, Estonia reinforced its stance by prohibiting the purchase and transfer of crude oil and oil products from Russia. Statistics Energy plan and targets The National Energy and Climate Plan published in 2019 aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 70% by 2030 and by 80% by 2050. Renewable energy must be at least 42%, with a target of 16 TWh in 2030. The plan was changed in October 2022, when Estonia set a target date of 2030 to generate 100% electricity fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Power Machines
Joint-stock company, OJSC Power Machines (transliteration, translit. Siloviye Mashiny abbreviated as Silmash, ) is a Russian energy systems machine-building company founded in 2000. It is headquartered in Saint Petersburg, Russia, Saint Petersburg. Power Machines manufactures steam turbines with capacity up to 1,200 MWe, including turbines for nuclear power plants. Its portfolio consists of turbine generators for the Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant II and the Novovoronezh Nuclear Power Plant II. Also, Power Machines has supplied equipment to 57 countries other than Russia with significant market in Asia. History Power Machines company was established in the year 2000. Today it is a joint venture combining technological, industrial and intellectual resources of six world-famous Russian enterprises: Leningradsky Metallichesky Zavod, Leningradsky Metallichesky zavod (established in 1857), Electrosila (1898), Turbine Blades’ Plant (1964), Kaluga Turbine Plant, Kaluga Turbine Wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaluga Turbine Works
Kaluga Turbine Plant () is a company based in Kaluga, Russia and established in 1946. The Kaluga Turbine Plant Production Association produces turbines for naval ships and submarines. It also produces turbines for civilian power plants. It is located near the Kaluga Motor-Building Plant Kaluga (, ) is a city and the administrative center of Kaluga Oblast, Russia. It stands on the Oka River southwest of Moscow. Its population was 337,058 at the 2021 census. Kaluga's most famous resident, the space travel pioneer Konstantin Ts .... Turbokon References External links Official website Engine manufacturers of Russia Gas turbine manufacturers Marine engine manufacturers Companies based in Kaluga Oblast Power Machines Ministry of the Shipbuilding Industry (Soviet Union) Engine manufacturers of the Soviet Union Defence companies of the Soviet Union {{Russia-company-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Energomash
The Energomash Corporation (Cyrillic: "Энергомаш") was a Russian power engineering company. Energomash manufactures small cogeneration plants as well as a wide variety of components for the energy industry. In addition to this core activity, Energomash also supplies other engineering services to more than 60 countries. In addition to producing power technologies, Energomash occupied leading positions in metalware construction, pipeline fittings and nuclear industry equipment. In 2010 the company was declared bankrupt and in 2015 it was liquidated. Performance indicators According to the group's own unofficial data, preliminary revenue under IFRS in 2007 was $645 million, EBITDA was $160 million. The company's revenue in 2006 amounted to RUB 19.596 billion, which is 18.9% more than in 2005. Profit before tax amounted to 449.78 million rubles, gross profit — 4.522 billion rubles (23.1% of revenue). Among the main customers of the group were Gazprom, Rosenergoatom Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oil Shale Gas
Oil shale gas (also: retort gas or retorting gas) is a synthetic non-condensable gas mixture (syngas) produced by oil shale thermal processing (pyrolysis). Although often referred to as shale gas, it differs from the natural gas produced from shale, which is also known as shale gas. Process Oil shale gas is produced by retorting (pyrolysis) of oil shale. In the pyrolysis process, oil shale is heated until its kerogen decomposes into vapors of a petroleum-like condensable shale oil, non-condensable combustible oil shale gas, and spent shale—a solid residue. The process is the same as the shale oil extraction and oil shale gas usually occurs as a byproduct of shale oil production. The ratio of oil shale gas to shale oil depends on retorting temperature and as a rule, increases by the rise of temperature. Composition There is no exact formula of oil shale gas. Compositions of oil shale gas depends on the retorted oil shale and exploited technology. Typical component ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bryansk Turbine Works
Bryansk (, ) is a city and the administrative center of Bryansk Oblast, Russia, situated on the Desna River, southwest of Moscow. It has a population of 379,152 at the 2021 census. Bryansk is one of the oldest cities in the oblast, with 985 regarded as the year of foundation. It was part of the Kievan Rus', Mongol Empire and Lithuania during the medieval period, then was contested by Moscow and Poland–Lithuania in the early modern period, before ultimately passing to Russia, within which it was a major regional trading center. History Medieval period Based on excavations at the end of the 20th century, information was found on the birth of the city in the 10th century on the Chashin Kurgan. For ease of perception, the conventional date of birth was chosen as 985 AD. The first written mention of Bryansk, as Debryansk, dates to 1146 in the ''Kievan Chronicle''. The name appears variously as , and in other spellings. Etymologically, it derives from "дъбръ", a Slavic word ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
