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Kodoshim
150px, Pidyon haben Kodashim ( he, קדשים, "Holy Things") is the fifth of the six orders, or major divisions, of the Mishnah, Tosefta and the Talmud, and deals largely with the services within the Temple in Jerusalem, its maintenance and design, the ''korbanot'', or sacrificial offerings that were offered there, and other subjects related to these topics, as well as, notably, the topic of kosher slaughter of animals for non-sacrificial purposes. Topics This Seder (order, or division) of the Mishnah is known as Kodashim (“sacred things” or “sanctities”), because it deals with subjects connected with Temple service and ritual slaughter of animals (''shehitah''). The term ''kodashim'', in the Biblical context, applies to the sacrifices, the Temple and its furnishings, as well as the priests who carried out the duties and ceremonies of its service; and it is with these holy things, places and people that Kodashim is mainly concerned. The title Kodashim is apparently an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Judaism
Judaism ( he, ''Yahăḏūṯ'') is an Abrahamic, monotheistic, and ethnic religion comprising the collective religious, cultural, and legal tradition and civilization of the Jewish people. It has its roots as an organized religion in the Middle East during the Bronze Age. Modern Judaism evolved from Yahwism, the religion of ancient Israel and Judah, by the late 6th century BCE, and is thus considered to be one of the oldest monotheistic religions. Judaism is considered by religious Jews to be the expression of the covenant that God established with the Israelites, their ancestors. It encompasses a wide body of texts, practices, theological positions, and forms of organization. The Torah, as it is commonly understood by Jews, is part of the larger text known as the ''Tanakh''. The ''Tanakh'' is also known to secular scholars of religion as the Hebrew Bible, and to Christians as the " Old Testament". The Torah's supplemental oral tradition is represented by later texts s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maimonides
Musa ibn Maimon (1138–1204), commonly known as Maimonides (); la, Moses Maimonides and also referred to by the acronym Rambam ( he, רמב״ם), was a Sephardic Jewish philosopher who became one of the most prolific and influential Torah scholars of the Middle Ages. In his time, he was also a preeminent astronomer and physician, serving as the personal physician of Saladin. Born in Córdoba, Almoravid Empire (present-day Spain), on Passover eve, 1138 (or 1135), he worked as a rabbi, physician and philosopher in Morocco and Egypt. He died in Egypt on 12 December 1204, when his body was taken to the lower Galilee and buried in Tiberias. During his lifetime, most Jews greeted Maimonides' writings on Jewish law and ethics with acclaim and gratitude, even as far away as Iraq and Yemen. Yet, while Maimonides rose to become the revered head of the Jewish community in Egypt, his writings also had vociferous critics, particularly in Spain. Nonetheless, he was posthumously ackno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kinnim
Kinnim (Hebrew: ) is a tractate in the order of Kodshim in the Mishna. The name, meaning "nests", refers to the tractate's subject matter of errors in bird-offerings. It is the last tractate in the order, because of its shortness (3 chapters) and because it deals with a very rare and unusual area of Jewish law. The premise of the tractate is the obligatory bird-offering that has to be brought by certain people (for instance Nazirites at the completion of their vow and women after childbirth). The offering consists of a pair of birds, one for a sin-offering and the other for a peace-offering. A common practice was to purchase a cage with two birds, without designating which one was for which type of sacrifice. The Kohen would then allocate a sacrifice to a bird. However, the complication is that a cage (consisting of a pair of birds) cannot have both birds offered as one type of sacrifice. The result is that if birds become mixed up (whether completely or a number of birds flies fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Me'ilah
Me'ilah ( he, מ֧עילׇה; "misuse of property") is a tractate of Seder Kodashim in the Mishnah, Tosefta, and Babylonian Talmud. It deals chiefly with the exact provisions of the law (Lev. 5:15-16) concerning the trespass-offering and the reparation which must be made by one who has used and enjoyed a consecrated thing. Mishnah In the Mishnaic order this treatise is the eighth, and contains six chapters comprising 38 paragraphs in all. Its contents may be summarized as follows: * Chapter 1: Sacrifices in which trespass can occur; in what parts: in the most holy sacrifices ("ḳodshe ḳodashim") in all parts and in the partly holy ("kodashim kallim") in certain parts only. Cases in which trespass can occur and those in which it can not occur. Rule of R. Joshua that if the priests have once had the right to eat of a sacrifice no trespass can take place (§ 1). In this connection the question is raised whether there can be a trespass in the case of those parts of the sacrifice ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kareth
The Hebrew term ''kareth'' ("cutting off" he, כָּרֵת, ), or extirpation, is a form of punishment for sin, mentioned in the Hebrew Bible and later Jewish writings. Kareth in its simplistic meaning refers to an individual being expelled from the Nation of Israel. In the Talmud, ''kareth'' means not necessarily physical "cutting off" of life, but can also mean the extinction of the soul and denial of a share in the world to come. Etymology The word ''kareth'' is derived from the Hebrew verb ''karat'' ("to cut off"). The noun form ''kareth'' does not occur in the Hebrew Bible; rather, verb forms such as ''venichreta'' (" hat soulshall be cut off") are most common. Hebrew Bible In the Hebrew Bible, verbs that underlie the later use of the noun form ''kareth'' refer to forms of punishment including premature death, or else exclusion from the people. According to Richard C. Steiner, the phrase "to be cut off from one's people" is an antonym for "to be gathered to one's people ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Keritot
Keritot is a tractate of the Mishnah and Babylonian Talmud. It is the seventh tractate in the Order of Kodashim. Its name is the plural of the punishment kareth which the Torah specifies for intentional violation of certain sins; unintentional violation of the same sins obligates one to bring a sin-offering instead. Mishnah The Mishnah to Keritot contains six chapters, with the following contents: # A list of the 36 sins which incur ''kareth''; laws of the sacrifice of the ''yoledet'' # Ritually impure people bring a sacrifice to finish the process of their purification; laws of the sacrifice for the ''shifcha harufah''. # The number of sacrifices required by one who has committed a series of sins # The ''asham talui'' for one uncertain whether he has sinned # The prohibition on consuming blood, and the laws of ''asham meilot'' # One who brings a sacrifice and later learned that he had not sinned; whether the forgiveness of Yom Kippur Yom Kippur (; he, יוֹם כִּפּו ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Temurah (Talmud)
Tractate Temurah ( he, תמורה, literally: "exchange") is a tractate of the Mishnah, Tosefta, and Babylonian Talmud, which is part of the Order of Kodashim. Its main subject is the Biblical prohibition ( Leviticus 27:10) against attempting to switch the sanctity of an animal that has been sanctified for the Temple in Jerusalem with another non-sanctified animal. If this is attempted, both animals become sanctified, and the person who attempted the transfer is punished with lashes.Mishneh Torah, Hilchot Temurah 1:1 Like many tractates in the order of Kodshim, Temurah was not often learned by many Talmud scholars. Its reopening was included in the general Kodshim Renaissance brought about by the Brisk yeshivas. Mishnah The Mishnah's seven chapters cover the following topics: # Regarding those who are allowed to make an exchange; things that may be exchanged, and things that may not be exchanged (§§ 3-6). Regulations concerning drawn water which is unfit for the mikveh; conce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arakhin
Arakhin (Arachin, עֲרָכִין) ([vows of the] values [of people]) is the fifth Talmud, tractate in the Order of Kodashim (Holy of Holies, holies). It deals mostly with the details of the laws in , Chapters Chapters 1–6 (based on ) deal with the vows of donating one's prescribed value as part of the dedication to the Temple, as well as other gifts to ''bedek habayis'', or the treasury of the Temple. Chapters 7-8 explain the redemption from the Temple of a field one has inherited (based on ). Chapter 8 addresses Herem (priestly gift), herem (based on ), while the last chapter deals with the laws of ancestral fields and houses in walled cities, and how they are redeemed (based on ). References {{Judaism-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bekhorot
150px, Pidyon haben Bekorot (Hebrew: בכורות, "First-borns") is the name of a tractate of the Mishnah and Talmud which discusses the laws of first-born animals and humans. It is one of the tractates forming ''Seder Kodashim'' (Hebrew סדר קודשים, "Order of Holy Things"). The primary focus of the tractate relates to the ritual sacrifice (or slaughter) of first-born animals. Priests were required to inspect the first-born for blemishes prior to consecration. These blemishes are enumerated in both the Mishnah and Tosefta. An exemption is made for the first-born son, who is "redeemed" in the Pidyon haben ceremony. Mishna The tractate contains nine chapters: * Chapter 1 on the first-born donkey (Petter Chamor) * Chapters 2-6 on the first-born of kosher cattle (calf, lamb, or kid): cases of exemption through partnership with a non-Jew (chapter 2); cases of doubt whether an animal is first-born or not (3); on first-born cattle having a blemish (4); on cases of blemishe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Omer (unit)
The ''omer'' ( he, עֹ֫מֶר ''‘ōmer'') is an ancient Israelite unit of dry measure used in the era of the Temple in Jerusalem. Omer is known also as isaron .It is used in the Bible as an ancient unit of volume for grains and dry commodities, and the Torah mentions as being equal to one tenth of an ephah. According to the ''Jewish Encyclopedia'' (1906), an ephah was defined as being 72 '' logs'', and the ''Log'' was equal to the Sumerian '' mina'', which was itself defined as one sixtieth of a '' maris'';Weights and Measures , ''Jewish Encyclopedia'' (1906) the ''omer'' was thus equal to about of a ''maris''. The ''maris'' was defined as being the quantity of water equal in weight to a light royal [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Menachot
Tractate Menachot ( he, מְנָחוֹת; "Meal Offerings") is the second tractate of the Order of Kodashim. It has Gemara in the Babylonian Talmud and a Tosefta. Menachot deals with the rules regarding the preparation and presentation of grain-meal and oil and drink offerings, including the meal-offering that was burnt on the altar and the remainder that was consumed by the priests as specified in the Torah ( and on); the bringing of the ''omer'' of barley (), the two loaves (), and the showbread ().as offerings in the Temple in Jerusalem The Temple in Jerusalem, or alternatively the Holy Temple (; , ), refers to the two now-destroyed religious structures that served as the central places of worship for Israelites and Jews on the modern-day Temple Mount in the Old City of Jerusa .... References Further reading * {{Mishna Jewish animal sacrifice Land of Israel laws in Judaism Mishnah Oral Torah Second Temple Tabernacle and Temples in Jerusalem Talmud ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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