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Kline–Fogleman Airfoil
The Kline–Fogleman airfoil or KF airfoil is a simple airfoil design with single or multiple steps along the length of the wing. It was originally devised in the 1960s for paper airplanes. In the 21st century the KF airfoil has found renewed interest among hobbyist builders of radio-controlled aircraft, due to its simplicity of construction. But it has not been adopted for full-size aircraft capable of carrying a pilot, passengers, or other substantial payloads. History The KF airfoil was designed by Richard Kline and Floyd Fogleman. In the early 1960s, Richard Kline wanted to make a paper airplane that could handle strong winds, climb high, level off by itself and then enter a long downwards glide. After many experiments he was able to achieve this goal. He presented the paper airplane to Floyd Fogleman who saw it fly and resist stalling. The two men then filed for a patent on the stepped airfoil. Further development resulted in two patents and a family of airfoils known ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
KFm2 Illustration
KFM or Kfm may refer to: Radio stations * Kfm 94.5, South Africa * Kfm (Ireland), Ireland * KFM Radio, Greater Manchester, England * KMFM West Kent, Kent, England Organisations and companies * Knights of Father Matthew, a catholic temperance society that originated in Ireland * Komet Flight Motor, an Italian aircraft engine manufacturer * Kommunistiska Förbundet Marxist-Leninisterna, former Swedish communist party * Kronofogdemyndigheten, Swedish government agency handling debt collection, distraint and evictions Other uses * Kearny fallout meter, an expedient radiation meter, which can be made from household items * Kelvin probe force microscope * The KDE file manager, now replaced by Konqueror * Keysi Fighting Method, a martial art with roots in Jeet Kun Do, Wing Chun, and street fighting * The Kentucky Fried Movie, an American comedy film, released in 1977 and directed by John Landis {{disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NACA Airfoil
The NACA airfoils are airfoil shapes for aircraft wings developed by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). The shape of the NACA airfoils is described using a series of digits following the word "NACA". The parameters in the numerical code can be entered into equations to precisely generate the cross-section of the airfoil and calculate its properties. Origins NACA initially developed the numbered airfoil system which was further refined by the United States Air Force at Langley Research Center. According to the NASA website: Four-digit series The NACA four-digit wing sections define the profile by: # First digit describing maximum camber as percentage of the chord. # Second digit describing the distance of maximum camber from the airfoil leading edge in tenths of the chord. # Last two digits describing maximum thickness of the airfoil as percent of the chord. For example, the NACA 2412 airfoil has a maximum camber of 2% located 40% (0.4 chords) from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wing
A wing is a type of fin that produces lift while moving through air or some other fluid. Accordingly, wings have streamlined cross-sections that are subject to aerodynamic forces and act as airfoils. A wing's aerodynamic efficiency is expressed as its lift-to-drag ratio. The lift a wing generates at a given speed and angle of attack can be one to two orders of magnitude greater than the total drag on the wing. A high lift-to-drag ratio requires a significantly smaller thrust to propel the wings through the air at sufficient lift. Lifting structures used in water include various foils, such as hydrofoils. Hydrodynamics is the governing science, rather than aerodynamics. Applications of underwater foils occur in hydroplanes, sailboats and submarines. Etymology and usage For many centuries, the word "wing", from the Old Norse ''vængr'', referred mainly to the foremost limbs of birds (in addition to the architectural aisle). But in recent centuries the word's meaning has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simple Plastic Airplane Design
Simple Plastic Airplane Design (SPAD) is a type of radio controlled model airplane. The R.C. aircraft is usually, though not always, built with the body consisting of a lightweight plastic material such as PVC gutter downspout or an aluminium rail. The wings are made of an equally light material such as foam or coroplast. The remaining components added to the plane are virtually the same as can be found in any other R.C. aircraft of similar size. This concept of building simple radio controlled airplanes using cheap materials without the time-consuming and painstaking process of working with balsa wood and iron-on plastic coating was popularized by a web site created in the late 1990s, www.spadtothebone.ne While this web site, and the many original plans and articles still exist, the main gathering place for Spad enthusiasts on the web today resides at www.spadworld.ne SPADs are preferred to other materials because they are cheaper and are easy to work with, painting is not req ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radio-controlled Glider
A radio-controlled glider is a type of radio-controlled aircraft that normally does not have any form of propulsion. They are able to sustain continuous flight by exploiting the lift produced by slope soaring, slopes and thermals, controlled remotely from the ground with a transmitter. They can be constructed from a variety of materials, including wood, plastic, polymer foams, and Composite material, composites, and can vary in wing loading from very light to relatively heavy, depending on their intended use. International radio-controlled glider competitions are regulated by the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) although many countries have their own national classes. Launching methods Hand launch Hand launching is the simplest way to get a model glider into the air. Depending on craft design and the conditions at launch—the pilot or an assistant need only to gently 'throw' it into the wind, at an angle deemed best suited, usually between horizontal and 45 d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plasma Actuator
Plasma or plasm may refer to: Science * Plasma (physics), one of the four fundamental states of matter * Plasma (mineral), a green translucent silica mineral * Quark–gluon plasma, a state of matter in quantum chromodynamics Biology * Blood plasma, the yellow-colored liquid component of blood, in which blood cells are suspended * Cytoplasm, a jelly-like substance that fills cells, suspends and protects organelles * Germ plasm, a zone in the cytoplasm determining germ cells * Germplasm, describes a collection of genetic resources for an organism * Milk plasma or whey, the liquid remaining after milk has been curdled and strained * Nucleoplasm, a highly viscous liquid that surrounds the chromosomes and nucleoli * Plasma cell, white blood cells that secrete large volumes of antibodies * Protoplasm, the entire living substance inside the cell membrane or cell wall Technology * Plasma (engine), a real-time 3D game engine from Cyan Worlds * Plasma display, a flat-panel electronic v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lift (force)
A fluid flowing around an object exerts a force on it. Lift is the component of this force that is perpendicular to the oncoming flow direction. It contrasts with the drag force, which is the component of the force parallel to the flow direction. Lift conventionally acts in an upward direction in order to counter the force of gravity, but it can act in any direction at right angles to the flow. If the surrounding fluid is air, the force is called an aerodynamic force. In water or any other liquid, it is called a hydrodynamic force. Dynamic lift is distinguished from other kinds of lift in fluids. Aerostatic lift or buoyancy, in which an internal fluid is lighter than the surrounding fluid, does not require movement and is used by balloons, blimps, dirigibles, boats, and submarines. Planing lift, in which only the lower portion of the body is immersed in a liquid flow, is used by motorboats, surfboards, windsurfers, sailboats, and water-skis. Overview A fluid flowing arou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reynolds Number
In fluid mechanics, the Reynolds number () is a dimensionless quantity that helps predict fluid flow patterns in different situations by measuring the ratio between inertial and viscous forces. At low Reynolds numbers, flows tend to be dominated by laminar (sheet-like) flow, while at high Reynolds numbers flows tend to be turbulent. The turbulence results from differences in the fluid's speed and direction, which may sometimes intersect or even move counter to the overall direction of the flow ( eddy currents). These eddy currents begin to churn the flow, using up energy in the process, which for liquids increases the chances of cavitation. The Reynolds number has wide applications, ranging from liquid flow in a pipe to the passage of air over an aircraft wing. It is used to predict the transition from laminar to turbulent flow and is used in the scaling of similar but different-sized flow situations, such as between an aircraft model in a wind tunnel and the full-size ve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Darrieus Wind Turbine
The Darrieus wind turbine is a type of vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) used to generate electricity from wind energy. The turbine consists of a number of curved aerofoil blades mounted on a rotating shaft or framework. The curvature of the blades allows the blade to be stressed only in tension at high rotating speeds. There are several closely related wind turbines that use straight blades. This design of the turbine was patented by Georges Jean Marie Darrieus, a French aeronautical engineer; filing for the patent was October 1, 1926. There are major difficulties in protecting the Darrieus turbine from extreme wind conditions and in making it self-starting. Method of operation In the original versions of the Darrieus design, the aerofoils are arranged so that they are symmetrical and have zero rigging angle, that is, the angle that the aerofoils are set relative to the structure on which they are mounted. This arrangement is equally effective no matter which direction the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polypropylene
Polypropylene (PP), also known as polypropene, is a thermoplastic polymer used in a wide variety of applications. It is produced via chain-growth polymerization from the monomer propylene. Polypropylene belongs to the group of polyolefins and is partially crystalline and non-polar. Its properties are similar to polyethylene, but it is slightly harder and more heat-resistant. It is a white, mechanically rugged material and has a high chemical resistance. Bio-PP is the bio-based counterpart of polypropylene (PP). Polypropylene is the second-most widely produced commodity plastic (after polyethylene). In 2019, the global market for polypropylene was worth $126.03 billion. Revenues are expected to exceed US$145 billion by 2019. The sales of this material are forecast to grow at a rate of 5.8% per year until 2021. History Phillips Petroleum chemists J. Paul Hogan and Robert Banks first demonstrated the polymerization of propylene in 1951. The stereoselective polymerization t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polystyrene
Polystyrene (PS) is a synthetic polymer made from monomers of the aromatic hydrocarbon styrene. Polystyrene can be solid or foamed. General-purpose polystyrene is clear, hard, and brittle. It is an inexpensive resin per unit weight. It is a poor barrier to oxygen and water vapour and has a relatively low melting point. Polystyrene is one of the most widely used plastics, the scale of its production being several million tonnes per year. Polystyrene can be naturally transparent, but can be colored with colorants. Uses include protective packaging (such as packing peanuts and in the jewel cases used for storage of optical discs such as CDs and occasionally DVDs), containers, lids, bottles, trays, tumblers, disposable cutlery, in the making of models, and as an alternative material for phonograph records. As a thermoplastic polymer, polystyrene is in a solid (glassy) state at room temperature but flows if heated above about 100 °C, its glass transition temperature. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
KFm Family Of Airfoils Ver 3
KFM or Kfm may refer to: Radio stations * Kfm 94.5, South Africa * Kfm (Ireland), Ireland * KFM Radio, Greater Manchester, England * KMFM West Kent, Kent, England Organisations and companies * Knights of Father Matthew, a catholic temperance society that originated in Ireland * Komet Flight Motor, an Italian aircraft engine manufacturer * Kommunistiska Förbundet Marxist-Leninisterna, former Swedish communist party * Kronofogdemyndigheten, Swedish government agency handling debt collection, distraint and evictions Other uses * Kearny fallout meter, an expedient radiation meter, which can be made from household items * Kelvin probe force microscope * The KDE file manager, now replaced by Konqueror * Keysi Fighting Method ''Batman Begins'' is a 2005 superhero film directed by Christopher Nolan and written by Nolan and David S. Goyer. The film is based on the DC Comics character Batman, it stars Christian Bale as Bruce Wayne / Batman, with Michael Caine, Liam ..., ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
