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Kileskus
''Kileskus'' (meaning ''lizard'' in the Khakas language) is a genus of tyrannosauroid dinosaur known from partial remains found in Middle Jurassic (Bathonian stage) Itat Formation of Sharypovsky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai (Russia). Fossils recovered include the holotype maxilla, a premaxilla, a surangular, and a few bones from the hand and foot. Additional remains referred to the species include cervical and caudal vertebrae, as well as a fibula. The skull bones are similar to those of ''Proceratosaurus''. The type species is ''K. aristotocus''. ''Kileskus'' was named in 2010 by Averianov and colleagues. Its size has been estimated at 5.2 meters (17 ft) in length and 700 kg (1,540 lbs) in weight. Classification ''Kileskus'' has been included in two phylogenetic analyses and found to be a basal proceratosaurid both times. Although it is unknown whether ''Kileskus'' sported a nasal crest, it can be assigned to Proceratosauridae due to a number of other features. These inclu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kileskus
''Kileskus'' (meaning ''lizard'' in the Khakas language) is a genus of tyrannosauroid dinosaur known from partial remains found in Middle Jurassic (Bathonian stage) Itat Formation of Sharypovsky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai (Russia). Fossils recovered include the holotype maxilla, a premaxilla, a surangular, and a few bones from the hand and foot. Additional remains referred to the species include cervical and caudal vertebrae, as well as a fibula. The skull bones are similar to those of ''Proceratosaurus''. The type species is ''K. aristotocus''. ''Kileskus'' was named in 2010 by Averianov and colleagues. Its size has been estimated at 5.2 meters (17 ft) in length and 700 kg (1,540 lbs) in weight. Classification ''Kileskus'' has been included in two phylogenetic analyses and found to be a basal proceratosaurid both times. Although it is unknown whether ''Kileskus'' sported a nasal crest, it can be assigned to Proceratosauridae due to a number of other features. These inclu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kileskus SIZE
''Kileskus'' (meaning ''lizard'' in the Khakas language) is a genus of tyrannosauroid dinosaur known from partial remains found in Middle Jurassic (Bathonian stage) Itat Formation of Sharypovsky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai (Russia). Fossils recovered include the holotype maxilla, a premaxilla, a surangular, and a few bones from the hand and foot. Additional remains referred to the species include cervical and caudal vertebrae, as well as a fibula. The skull bones are similar to those of ''Proceratosaurus''. The type species is ''K. aristotocus''. ''Kileskus'' was named in 2010 by Averianov and colleagues. Its size has been estimated at 5.2 meters (17 ft) in length and 700 kg (1,540 lbs) in weight. Classification ''Kileskus'' has been included in two phylogenetic analyses and found to be a basal proceratosaurid both times. Although it is unknown whether ''Kileskus'' sported a nasal crest, it can be assigned to Proceratosauridae due to a number of other features. These includ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proceratosauridae
Proceratosauridae is a Family (biology), family or clade of Tyrannosauroidea, tyrannosauroid theropod dinosaurs from the Middle Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous. Distinguishing features Unlike the advanced Tyrannosauridae, tyrannosaurids but similar to primitive Tyrannosauroidea, tyrannosauroids like ''Dilong (dinosaur), Dilong'', proceratosaurids were generally small (with the exception of the possible proceratosaurids ''Yutyrannus'' and ''Sinotyrannus'') and had fairly long, three-fingered arms capable of grasping prey. In comparison to other members of Tyrannosauroidea, proceratosaurids can be distinguished by the following features according to phylogenetic analyses by Averianov ''et al''. (2010) and Loewen ''et al''. (2013) : * A sagittal cranial crest formed by the Nasal bone, nasals starting at the junction of the premaxilla and nasals. * Extremely elongated external nares, with posterior margins posterior to the anterior margin of the antorbital fossa and maxillary fenes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pantyrannosauria
Tyrannosauroidea (meaning 'tyrant lizard forms') is a superfamily (or clade) of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaurs that includes the family Tyrannosauridae as well as more basal relatives. Tyrannosauroids lived on the Laurasian supercontinent beginning in the Jurassic Period. By the end of the Cretaceous Period, tyrannosauroids were the dominant large predators in the Northern Hemisphere, culminating in the gigantic ''Tyrannosaurus''. Fossils of tyrannosauroids have been recovered on what are now the continents of North America, Europe and Asia, with fragmentary remains possibly attributable to tyrannosaurs also known from South America and Australia. Tyrannosauroids were bipedal carnivores, as were most theropods, and were characterized by numerous skeletal features, especially of the skull and pelvis. Early in their existence, tyrannosauroids were small predators with long, three-fingered forelimbs. Late Cretaceous genera became much larger, including some of the largest land ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Itat Formation
The Itat Formation (Russian: итатская свита) is a geologic formation in western Siberia. It was deposited in the Bajocian to Bathonian ages of the Middle Jurassic. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation, including the proceratosaurid ''Kileskus'', as well as fish, amphibians, mammals and many other vertebrates. The formation is noted for bearing significant coal reserves, with large open pit coal mines extracting lignite from the unit currently in operation. Lithology The lower section of the formation is around 50–130 m thick, and consists of light grey sandstones with gravel, siltstone and rare coal beds. At the Dubinino locality, the 50 m exposed section of the upper part of the formation shows an irregular rhythmic alteration of fine grained sandstone, siltstone and mudstone and coal seams typically a few tens of cm's but up to several meters thick. The deposit is located on the South Eastern margin of the West Siberi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tyrannosauroidea
Tyrannosauroidea (meaning 'tyrant lizard forms') is a superfamily (or clade) of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaurs that includes the family Tyrannosauridae as well as more basal relatives. Tyrannosauroids lived on the Laurasian supercontinent beginning in the Jurassic Period. By the end of the Cretaceous Period, tyrannosauroids were the dominant large predators in the Northern Hemisphere, culminating in the gigantic ''Tyrannosaurus''. Fossils of tyrannosauroids have been recovered on what are now the continents of North America, Europe and Asia, with fragmentary remains possibly attributable to tyrannosaurs also known from South America and Australia. Tyrannosauroids were bipedal carnivores, as were most theropods, and were characterized by numerous synapomorphy, skeletal features, especially of the skull and pelvis. Early in their existence, tyrannosauroids were small predators with long, three-fingered forelimbs. Late Cretaceous genera became much larger, including some of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guanlong Wucaii
''Guanlong'' (冠龍) is a genus of extinct proceratosaurid tyrannosauroid from the Late Jurassic of China. The taxon was first described in 2006 by Xu Xing ''et al.'', who found it to represent a new taxon related to ''Tyrannosaurus''. The name is derived from Chinese, translating as "crown dragon". Two individuals are currently known, a partially complete adult and a nearly complete juvenile. These specimens come from the Oxfordian stage of the Chinese Shishugou Formation. Discovery ''Guanlong'' was discovered in the Dzungaria area of China by a joint expedition by scientists from the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology and George Washington University, and named by Xu Xing and others in 2006. ''Guanlong'' comes from the Chinese words for "crown", 冠, and "dragon", 龍, referring to the crest. The specific epithet (五彩), ''wucaii'' (Hanyu Pinyin: wǔcǎi), means "multicoloured" and refers to the colours of rock of the Wucaiwan (五彩灣, "5-colo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yutyrannus Huali
''Yutyrannus'' (meaning "feathered tyrant") is a genus of proceratosaurid tyrannosauroid dinosaur which contains a single known species, ''Yutyrannus huali''. This species lived during the early Cretaceous period in what is now northeastern China. Three fossils of ''Yutyrannus huali'' —all found in the rock beds of Liaoning Province— are currently the largest-known carnivorous dinosaur specimens that preserve direct evidence of feathers. Discovery and naming ''Yutyrannus huali'' was named and scientifically described in 2012 by Xu Xing ''et al.'' The name is derived from Mandarin Chinese ''yǔ'' (羽, "feather") and Latinised Greek ''tyrannos'' (τύραννος, "tyrant"), a reference to its classification as a feathered member of the Tyrannosauroidea. The specific name consists of the Mandarin ''huáli'' (华丽 simplified, 華麗 traditional, "beautiful"), in reference to the perceived beauty of the plumage. ''Yutyrannus'' is known from three nearly complete fossil s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aviatyrannis Jurassica
''Aviatyrannis'' is a genus of carnivorous tyrannosauroid theropod dinosaur from the Oxfordian-Tithonian stages of the Late Jurassic found in Portugal. Discovery and naming In 2000 Oliver Walter Mischa Rauhut reported the find of tyrannosauroid material in the lignite coal mine of Guimarota near Leiria, which he referred to ''Stokesosaurus''. Later concluding the distinctiveness of the material justified a separate genus, Rauhut in 2003 named and described it as the type species ''Aviatyrannis jurassica''. The species name was by Rauhut given the intended meaning of "tyrant's grandmother from the Jurassic". The generic name is derived from Latin ''avia'', "grandmother", and ''tyrannus'', "tyrant", on the presumption ''tyrannis'' would be its genitive. The specific name means "Jurassic". The holotype, IPFUB Gui Th 1, was found in a layer of the Alcobaça Formation dating from the early Kimmeridgian, about 155 million years old. It consists of a right ilium. Rauhut in 2003 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basal (phylogenetics)
In phylogenetics, basal is the direction of the ''base'' (or root) of a phylogenetic tree#Rooted tree, rooted phylogenetic tree or cladogram. The term may be more strictly applied only to nodes adjacent to the root, or more loosely applied to nodes regarded as being close to the root. Note that extant taxa that lie on branches connecting directly to the root are not more closely related to the root than any other extant taxa. While there must always be two or more equally "basal" clades sprouting from the root of every cladogram, those clades may differ widely in taxonomic rank, Phylogenetic diversity, species diversity, or both. If ''C'' is a basal clade within ''D'' that has the lowest rank of all basal clades within ''D'', ''C'' may be described as ''the'' basal taxon of that rank within ''D''. The concept of a 'key innovation' implies some degree of correlation between evolutionary innovation and cladogenesis, diversification. However, such a correlation does not make a given ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sinotyrannus Kazuoensis
''Sinotyrannus'' (meaning "Chinese tyrant") is a genus of large basal tyrannosauroid dinosaur, known from a single incomplete fossil specimen including a partial skull, from the Early Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation of Liaoning, China. Specifically, it is a member of the Proceratosauridae, a family that originated in the Jurassic whose members are known from Europe and Asia. Though it is not much younger than primitive tyrannosauroids such as ''Dilong'', it is similar in size to later forms such as ''Tyrannosaurus''. It was much larger than contemporary tyrannosauroids, reaching a total estimated length of , and was the largest known theropod from the Jiufotang Formation. The type species is ''S. kazuoensis'', described by Ji ''et al.'', in 2009. Description ''Sinotyrannus'' was a large tyrannosaur, measuring long and weighing . It was among the largest basal tyrannosauroids known, repudiating the previously presumed trend that tyrannosauroids gradually increased in size throu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cartography Of Europe
The earliest cartographic depictions of Europe are found in early world maps. In classical antiquity, ''Europe'' was assumed to cover the quarter of the globe north of the Mediterranean, an arrangement that was adhered to in medieval T and O maps. Ptolemy's world map of the 2nd century already had a reasonably precise description of southern and western Europe, but was unaware of particulars of northern and eastern Europe. Medieval maps such as the Hereford Mappa Mundi still assumed that Scandinavia was an island. Progress was made in the 16th century, and Gerard Mercator gave an accurate representation of all of Europe, including Scandinavia shown as a peninsula. See also *History of Cartography *Geography of Europe *Cartography of Asia * Cartography of Africa *Boundaries between continents Determining the boundaries between the continents of Earth is generally a matter of geographical convention. Several slightly different conventions are in use. The number of continen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
