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Ketzos Hachoshen
The Ketzos HaChoshen is the major writing by Rabbi Aryeh Leib Heller (1745–1812) on the basis of which he is known as "The Ketzos". The first printing was in Lviv Importance The Ketzos HaChoshen (Ends of the Breastplate) is a halachic work which explains difficult passages in the Shulchan Aruch, Choshen Mishpat Choshen Mishpat is the Hebrew for "Breastplate of Judgement". The term is associated with one of the four sections of Rabbi Jacob ben Asher's compilation of halakha (Jewish law), Arba'ah Turim. This section treats aspects of Jewish law pertinent to ... (which deals mainly with business and financial laws such as contracts, witnesses etc.) with novel ideas proposed by Rabbi Aryeh Leib. Familiarity with this work is considered mandatory for any Torah scholar or Dayan. It is customarily studied in conjunction with ''Nesivot HaMishpat'', written by Rav Yaakov Lorberbaum, who often controverted Rabbi Heller's conclusions on many points. The Ketzos's sefer is often published ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aryeh Leib HaCohen Heller
Aryeh Leib HaCohen Heller ( 1745 – 1812) ( he, אריה לייב בן יוסף הכהן הלר) was a Rabbi, Talmudist, and Halachist in Galicia. He was known as "the ''Ketzos''" based on his magnum opus, '' Ketzot Hachoshen'', . Biography Born circa 1745 in the Galician town of Kalush (presently located in Ukraine), Heller was a fifth-generation descendant of Rabbi Yom-Tov Lipmann Heller. Heller was the youngest of five brothers with Chaim, Mordechai, Daniel, and Yehuda (author of ''Kuntras HaSfeikos''), and one sister (about whom nothing is currently known). In his youth, after being recognized by his father as a prodigy, Heller was sent to learn Torah from Rabbi Meshulam Igra of Tysmienica, Poland, an outstanding authority. From 1788 to 1812, he was rabbi of Stryi, a position later to be held by his opponent in many halachic debates, Rabbi Yaakov Lorberbaum. He had four children: a daughter, Franziska Freide (1788–1842), who married Solomon Judah Loeb Rapoport (Sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Israel Meir Kagan
Rabbi Yisrael Meir ha-Kohen Kagan (January 26, 1838 – September 15, 1933), known popularly as the Chofetz Chaim, after his book on lashon hara, who was also well known for the Mishna Berurah, his book on ritual law, was an influential Lithuanian Jewish rabbi, Halakhist, posek, and ethicist whose works continue to be widely influential in Orthodox Jewish life. Biography Kagan was born on 26 January 1838 in Dzienciol ( yi, זשעטל, Zhetl), Grodno Governorate in Russian Empire (today Dzyatlava in Belarus), and died on 15 September 1933 in Raduń ( yi, ראַדין, Radin), Nowogródek Voivodeship in Second Polish Republic (now in Belarus). His surname, Poupko, is not widely known. Kagan himself used the name "Kagan" (The Russian form of "Kohen") in official and legal documents. When Kagan was ten years old, his father died. His mother moved the family to Vilnius in order to continue her son's Jewish education. While in Vilnius, Kagan became a student of Rabbi Jacob Bari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chofetz Chaim
The ''Sefer'' ''Chafetz Chaim'' (or ''Chofetz Chaim'' or ''Hafetz Hayim'') ( he, חָפֵץ חַיִּים, trans. "Desirer of Life") is a book by Rabbi Yisrael Meir Kagan, who is also called "the Chofetz Chaim" after it. The book deals with the Jewish ethics and laws of speech. The Sefer The title of the ''Chafetz Chaim'' is taken from Psalms: The subject of the book is ''hilchos shmiras halashon'' (laws of clean speech). Kagan provides copious sources from the Torah, Talmud and ''Rishonim'' about the severity of Jewish law on tale-mongering and gossip. Lashon hara, meaning "'evil speech" (or loosely gossip and slander and prohibitions of defamation), is sometimes translated as "prohibitions of slander", but in essence is concerning the prohibitions of saying evil/bad/unpleasant things about a person, whether or not they are true. The book is divided into three parts: * ''Mekor Chayim'' ("Source of Life"), the legal text. * ''Be'er mayim chayim'' ("Well of living water"), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lviv
Lviv ( uk, Львів) is the largest city in western Ukraine, and the seventh-largest in Ukraine, with a population of . It serves as the administrative centre of Lviv Oblast and Lviv Raion, and is one of the main cultural centres of Ukraine. It was named in honour of Leo, the eldest son of Daniel, King of Ruthenia. Lviv emerged as the centre of the historical regions of Red Ruthenia and Galicia in the 14th century, superseding Halych, Chełm, Belz and Przemyśl. It was the capital of the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia from 1272 to 1349, when it was conquered by King Casimir III the Great of Poland. From 1434, it was the regional capital of the Ruthenian Voivodeship in the Kingdom of Poland. In 1772, after the First Partition of Poland, the city became the capital of the Habsburg Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria. In 1918, for a short time, it was the capital of the West Ukrainian People's Republic. Between the wars, the city was the centre of the Lwów Voivodeship in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shulchan Aruch
The ''Shulchan Aruch'' ( he, שֻׁלְחָן עָרוּך , literally: "Set Table"), sometimes dubbed in English as the Code of Jewish Law, is the most widely consulted of the various legal codes in Judaism. It was authored in Safed (today in Israel) by Joseph Karo in 1563 and published in Venice two years later. Together with its commentaries, it is the most widely accepted compilation of Jewish law ever written. The ''halachic'' rulings in the ''Shulchan Aruch'' generally follow Sephardic law and customs, whereas Ashkenazi Jews generally follow the halachic rulings of Moses Isserles, whose glosses to the ''Shulchan Aruch'' note where the Sephardic and Ashkenazi customs differ. These glosses are widely referred to as the ''mappah'' (literally: the "tablecloth") to the ''Shulchan Aruch's'' "Set Table". Almost all published editions of the ''Shulchan Aruch'' include this gloss, and the term "Shulchan Aruch" has come to denote ''both'' Karo's work as well as Isserles', with Karo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Choshen Mishpat
Choshen Mishpat is the Hebrew for "Breastplate of Judgement". The term is associated with one of the four sections of Rabbi Jacob ben Asher's compilation of halakha (Jewish law), Arba'ah Turim. This section treats aspects of Jewish law pertinent to finance, torts, legal procedure and loans and interest in Judaism. Later, Rabbi Yosef Karo modeled the framework of his own compilation of practical Jewish law, the Shulkhan Arukh, after the ''Arba'ah Turim.'' Many later commentators used this framework as well. Thus, ''Choshen Mishpat'' in common usage may refer to an area of halakha, non-specific to Rabbi Jacob ben Asher's compilation. See also The other three sections of Arba'ah Turim and other works borrowing its organizational scheme are: *Orach Chayim *Yoreh De'ah *Even HaEzer ( “The Stone of Help” or “The Rock of the ”) is a section of Rabbi Jacob ben Asher's compilation of halakha (Jewish law), ''Arba'ah Turim''. This section treats aspects of Jewish law related to marr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dayan (rabbinic Judge)
A beit din ( he, בית דין, Bet Din, house of judgment, , Ashkenazic: ''beis din'', plural: batei din) is a rabbinical court of Judaism. In ancient times, it was the building block of the legal system in the Biblical Land of Israel. Today, it is invested with legal powers in a number of religious matters (''din Torah'', "matter of litigation", plural ''dinei Torah'') both in Israel and in Jewish communities in the Diaspora, where its judgments hold varying degrees of authority (depending upon the jurisdiction and subject matter) in matters specifically related to Jewish religious life. History Rabbinical commentators point out that the first suggestion in the Torah that the ruler divest his legal powers and delegate his power of judgment to lower courts was made by Jethro to Moses (Exodus ). This situation was formalised later when God gave the explicit command to "establish judges and officers in your gates" (Deuteronomy ). There were three types of courts (Mishnah, tract ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yaakov Lorberbaum
Yaakov ben Yaakov Moshe Lorberbaum of Lissa (1760-1832) (known in English as Jacob ben Jacob Moses of Lissa, Jacob Lorberbaum or Jacob Lisser, Hebrew: יעקב בן יעקב משה מליסא) was a rabbi and posek. He is most commonly known as the "Ba'al HaChavas Da'as" or "Ba'al HaNesivos" for his most well-known works, or as the " Lissa Rav" for the city in which he was Chief Rabbi. Biography Lorberbaum was the great-grandson of the Chacham Tzvi, Rabbi Zvi Ashkenazi. According to one tradition, his father, Rabbi Yaakov Moshe, died before he was born, and his relative, Rabbi Yosef Teomim, the rabbi of Bursztyn, brought him up. This accounts for the common name that both father and son share. Another tradition states that before he was born, his father fell ill, and dreamed that he would recover in the merit of the son that would be born to him. In the merit of his future son, the father took his name-to-be. Yet another legend told is that at his naming ceremony his father was pre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yehuda Heller Kahana
Yehuda Heller-Kahane (2 December 1743 – 22 April 1819) ( he, יהודה בן יוסף הכהן ) was a Rabbi, Talmudist, and Halachist in Galicia. He was known as "the ''Kuntras HaSfeikos''" based on his work, ''Kuntras HaSfeikos'' (). Life and works In 1743 Yehuda was born to his father Yosef in the Galician town of Kalush (presently located in Ukraine). Contrary to some historical reports, Yehuda was not a fourth-generation descendant from Rabbi Yom-Tov Lipmann Heller, but fifth generation. The family tree is shown in Yom Tov's biography (linked above). He was one of five brothers (with Chaim, Mordechai, Daniel, and Aryeh Leib the Ketzos HaChoshen) and one sister. He was the first Rabbi of Sighet, in Transylvania, that time part of the Kingdom of Hungary (now part of Romania). R. Yehuda wrote: ''Kuntras HaSfeikos'' which documents cases in the Gemara regarding monetary disputes, as well as ''Terumas Hakri'', a commentary on the ''Shulchan Aruch The ''Shulchan Aruch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rabbinic Legal Texts And Responsa
Rabbinic Judaism ( he, יהדות רבנית, Yahadut Rabanit), also called Rabbinism, Rabbinicism, or Judaism espoused by the Rabbanites, has been the mainstream form of Judaism since the 6th century CE, after the codification of the Babylonian Talmud. Rabbinic Judaism has its roots in Pharisaic Judaism and is based on the belief that Moses at Mount Sinai received both the Written Torah (''Torah she-be-Khetav'') and the Oral Torah (''Torah she-be-al Peh'') from God. The Oral Torah, transmitted orally, explains the Written Torah. At first, it was forbidden to write down the Oral Torah because the rabbis feared that it would become rigid and lose its flexibility, but after the destruction of the Second Temple they decided to write it down in the Talmud and other rabbinic texts. Rabbinic Judaism contrasts with the Sadducees, Karaite Judaism and Samaritanism, which do not recognize the Oral Torah as a divine authority nor the rabbinic procedures used to interpret Jewish scripture. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
